OpenStack Orchestration - Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui - E-Book

OpenStack Orchestration E-Book

Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui

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Beschreibung

This book is focused on setting up and using one of the most important services in OpenStack orchestration, Heat. First, the book introduces you to the orchestration service for OpenStack to help you understand the uses of the templating mechanism, complex control groups of cloud resources, and huge-potential and multiple-use cases. We then move on to the topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications and standards, before introducing the most popular IaaS cloud framework, Heat. You will get to grips with the standards used in Heat, overview and roadmap, architecture and CLI, heat API, heat engine, CloudWatch API, scaling principles, JeOS and installation and configuration of Heat. We wrap up by giving you some insights into troubleshooting for OpenStack.
With easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions and supporting images, you will be able to manage OpenStack operations by implementing the orchestration services of Heat.

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Seitenzahl: 126

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

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Table of Contents

OpenStack Orchestration
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why subscribe?
Free access for Packt account holders
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Getting Started with the Orchestration Service for OpenStack
Introduction to the OpenStack architecture
Horizon
Nova
Neutron
Swift
Cinder
Keystone
Glance
Ceilometer
Heat
Trove
The Orchestration service for OpenStack
The Heat workflow
The Orchestration authorization model
Password authorization
Keystone trusts authorization
Trusts authorization execution
The authorization model configuration
Stack domain users
Configuring stack domain users
Creating a stack
Summary
2. The OpenStack Architecture
Components of OpenStack
OpenStack node types
The OpenStack logical architecture
TOSCA – Heat ideas and standards
Heat components
The Heat CLI
heat-api
heat-api-cfn
heat-engine
Heat Orchestration Template (HOT) specification
The example architecture 1 (based on the Nova network)
Node hardware specifications
An overview
A detailed description
The example architecture 2 (based on Neutron)
Network layout for OpenStack networking
The internal network
The public network
The VM traffic network (private network)
The physical connectivity of nodes
Individual node connectivity diagrams
Controller nodes
Compute nodes
Network nodes
Storage nodes
Summary
3. Stack Group of Connected Cloud Resources
Heat basics
Stacks
Templates
CFN
Heat Orchestration Template (HOT)
The HOT template example
Heat_template_version
Description
Resources
Properties or parameters
Resource types
Autoscaling
Vertical scaling versus horizontal scaling
Vertical scaling
Horizontal scaling
Autoscaling with Heat
How autoscaling works in Heat
High availability
Stateless versus stateful services
Active/Passive
Active/Active
HA mechanisms for different levels
Horizontal scaling and databases
The approach – the metadata server and cfn-hup
cfn-hup
The metadata server
Benefits
Summary
4. Installation and Configuration of the Orchestration Service
Orchestration module concepts
Installing and configuring Orchestration
Installing and configuring the Orchestration components
Finalize installation
Verify operations
OpenStack Heat installation
Creating a stack with Heat
Creating an advanced template for Heat
Creating a stack
Verifying a stack
Summary
5. Working with Heat
Standards used in Heat
Amazon CloudFormation
Simplified infrastructure management
A quick replication of services
Track changes and control
The TOSCA standard
Heat overview and roadmap
The Heat architecture and CLI
The Heat command-line reference
Usage
Getting help
Heat subcommands
Heat optional arguments
The Heat basic workflow
The Heat CLI tools
The Heat API
The Heat CloudWatch API
Message queue (MQ)
The Heat engine
Heat autoscaling principles
JeOS
Summary
6. Managing Heat
Heat and DevStack
The event stack list
Get the stack list
Create a stack
Show stack details
Show resource details
Update a stack
Delete a stack
The template structure
The CloudFormation template
The AWS template format version
Description
Metadata
Parameters
Mappings
Conditions
Resources
Outputs
Summary
7. Troubleshooting Heat
VM instances cannot connect to the external network or the Internet
Error received during installation – Unable to write random state
Timeout error received while running jeos_create during customization
A template running with incorrect parameters cannot be deleted
Error – internal error process exited while connecting to monitor
It takes too long to create a JeOS
Error – Quota exceeded: code=InstanceLimitExceeded (HTTP 413)
Error – Response from Keystone does not contain a Heat endpoint
Error – Internal Server Error
Error – Provided KeyName is not registered with Nova
A template is not working after editing
Instances shutdown immediately after creation
Yum update fails with dependency problems related to the oz package
Failed to start qpidd
OpenStack daemons can't connect to qpidd
Ubuntu VMs cannot receive DHCP assignments from hosts running CentOS/Fedora
Debugging OpenStack Heat
Heat list returns 503 error
Heat list hangs up
Troubleshooting common OpenStack errors
Error – internal error Failed to create mDNS client: Daemon not running
The solution
Error – Failed to add image
Keystone ValueError – you need to pass either an existing engine or a database uri
Error – No handlers could be found for logger keystoneclient.client
Error – Access denied for user 'keystone'@'openstack1' (using password: YES)
Error – Connect error/bad request to Auth service at URL %(url)s
Summary
Index

OpenStack Orchestration

OpenStack Orchestration

Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: October 2015

Production reference: 1201015

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

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ISBN 978-1-78355-165-1

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Credits

Author

Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui

Reviewers

Mostafa A. Hamid

Maksym Lobur

Sreedhar Varma

Commissioning Editor

Neil Alexander

Acquisition Editor

Kevin Colaco

Content Development Editor

Dharmesh Parmar

Technical Editor

Siddhi Rane

Copy Editor

Janbal Dharmaraj

Project Coordinator

Harshal Ved

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Indexer

Priya Sane

Graphics

Disha Haria

Abhinash Sahu

Production Coordinator

Shantanu N. Zagade

Cover Work

Shantanu N. Zagade

About the Author

Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui is an innovative and results-driven leader with over 8 years of success. He is focused on achieving exceptional results in highly competitive environments that demand continuous improvements. He has a proven ability to architect, design, develop, and deliver cost-effective, high-performance technology solutions to meet challenging business demands. Adnan is competent in Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) and Service Delivery Lifecycle (SDLC), covering business case development, team and project management, delivery, implementation, and support. He provides consultancy and advising to various organizations in the USA and Middle East regions in OpenStack, AWS, Citrix, and Microsoft solutions.

He is a founder and CEO of CloudDall INC (www.clouddall.com), a successful company that helps organizations worldwide rapidly migrate their IT infrastructure to the cloud, and IKT Technologies (www.iktechnologies.com). Their business provisioning includes public clouds, hybrid clouds, DaaS (Desktop as a Service), backup and archive, disaster recovery, and customized storage services. CloudDall provides subscription-based services tailored to fit a range of business models resulting in reduced cost, enhanced security, control, and productivity.

In addition to these achievements, he holds a Computer Engineer degree and these certifications: Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCSA), AWS Certified Solution Architect, Citrix Certified Enterprise Engineer for Virtualization (CCEE), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS), Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professional (MCITP), and Microsoft Certified System Engineer (MCSE). He has also been a Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT) for 6 years.

About the Reviewers

Mostafa A. Hamid is a CISSP (2013), CEH v8, MCSD, IBM RUP Architect, and MCP (SUNY Potsdam USA).

He is also certified in PHP, JavaScript, Backbone, Java, Spring, Node.js, and XML web services (SUNY Potsdam, USA).

He has a bachelor's degree in management information systems (Modern Academy for Computer Science and Management Technology).

He is also certified in Java (The American University in Cairo).

He has been a technical support at Hilton, a technical support at United Systems, an IT manager at Media Plans, an ICT and IT teacher and software engineer at MOIS, a software engineer at Wasaq, and a computer programmer at Advanced Security Systems.

He is the technical reviewer of OpenStack Essentials and Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), both by Packt Publishing, and the author of OOP in PHP and MVC and Linux for System Administrators and DevOps at BookBoon.com.

Thanks for Manon Niazi, the Deutschlander, I still remember the college days. Thanks go out to my family, special thanks to the author, and of course immense thanks to the Packt Publishing team (especially, Harshal Ved, the project coordinator).

Maksym Lobur is an enthusiastic OpenStack hacker. He has worked with the technology since 2013, starting with Grizzly. He has been involved in almost all key OpenStack components such as Nova, Glance, Neutron, and Heat, and was a member of the Ironic core team during the Icehouse cycle.

Currently, he adopts OpenStack for massive telecom companies, on behalf of a private company. They are one of the top-five contributors to OpenStack worldwide.

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Preface

The OpenStack Orchestration program aims to create a human and machine-accessible service that manages the entire life cycle of infrastructure and applications within OpenStack clouds. Heat is the cloud orchestration service for the OpenStack framework. It implements an orchestration engine to launch multiple composite cloud applications based on templates in the form of text files that can be treated like code. It is the most popular and a still-emerging IaaS cloud framework.

This book focuses on setting up and using one of the most important services in OpenStack Orchestration, Heat. First, the book introduces you to the orchestration service for OpenStack to help you understand the uses of the templating mechanism, complex control groups of cloud resources, and huge potential and multiple-use cases. It then moves on to the topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications and standards, before introducing the most popular IaaS cloud framework, Heat. You will get to grips with the standards used in Heat, an overview and a roadmap, the architecture and CLI, the Heat API, the Heat engine, the CloudWatch API, scaling principles, JeOS, and the installation and configuration of Heat. I'll wrap up by giving you some insights into troubleshooting for OpenStack.

With easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions and supporting images, you will be able to manage OpenStack operations by implementing the orchestration services of Heat.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with the Orchestration Service for OpenStack, introduces OpenStack and provides an overview of OpenStack components.

Chapter 2, The OpenStack Architecture, focuses on the detailed architecture of OpenStack and its Heat components.

Chapter 3, Stack Group of Connected Cloud Resources, attempts to study the basics of Heat stacks and templates and discuss the autoscaling and high-availability mechanisms supported by Heat.

Chapter 4, Installation and Configuration of the Orchestration Service, installs the OpenStack Orchestration service, Heat. It will also show you how to write a simple template by creating a stack.

Chapter 5, Working with Heat, explores the architecture of Heat in further detail. It discusses the basic architecture of Heat and the main components that build up the Orchestration service for OpenStack. It also covers the command-line arguments accepted by Heat CLI. It explains the message flow for Heat. It also explores the architecture of Heat in further detail. It focuses on the following topics: the standards used in Heat, the Heat overview and roadmap, the Heat basics, architecture and CLI, the Heat basic workflow, the Heat API, the Heat engine, the Heat CloudWatch API, and Heat autoscaling principles.

Chapter 6, Managing Heat, covers the installation of DevStack with Heat support. We explore Heat functionality in detail. It also discusses the basic architecture of Heat and the main components that build up the Orchestration service for OpenStack. Then, it covers the command-line arguments accepted by Heat CLI.

Chapter 7, Troubleshooting Heat, focuses on troubleshooting the issues encountered when using Heat. It covers the most frequently occurring issues and discusses the possible solutions for them.

What you need for this book

You will need OpenStack (Juno or Kilo). Also, you will need 1.2 Ghz CPU, 1 GB RAM, 40 GB HDD, and 2 X NIC cards. Finally, you will need Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

Who this book is for

If you are a system engineer, system administrator, cloud administrator, or a cloud engineer, then this book is for you. You should have a background of working in a Linux-based setup. Any knowledge of OpenStack-based cloud infrastructure will help you create wonders using this book.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "All available roles for trustor will be assigned to the trustee if no specific roles are mentioned in the heat.conf file."

A block of code is set as follows:

heat_template_version: 2013-05-23 description: Template that deploys single compute node. resources: my_compute-01: type: OS::Nova::Server properties: key_name: my_key image: F18-x86_64-cfntools flavor: m1.small

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

keystone endpoint-create --service-id $(keystone service-list | awk '/ cloudformation / {print $2}' --public http://localhost:8000/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s --region regionOne

New terms and important words are shown in bold.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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Errata