Physical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors E-Book

Rainer Wesche

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1027

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

A much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery of iron-based superconductors. 

It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties   This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. as biomagnets

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Wiley Series

Title Page

Copyright

About the Author

Series Preface

Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications

Preface

Acknowledgment

List of Tables

Nomenclature

Chapter 1: Brief History of Superconductivity

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Milestones in the Field of Superconductivity

References

Chapter 2: The Superconducting State

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Electrical Resistance

2.3 Characteristic Properties of Superconductors

2.4 Superconductor Electrodynamics

2.5 Thermodynamics of Superconductors

References

Chapter 3: Superconductivity: A Macroscopic Quantum Phenomenon

3.1 Introduction

3.2 BCS Theory of Superconductivity

3.3 Tunneling Effects

References

Chapter 4: Type II Superconductors

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Ginzburg–Landau Theory

4.3 Magnetic Behavior of Type I and Type II Superconductors

4.4 Critical Current Densities of Type I and Type II Superconductors

4.5 Anisotropic Superconductors

References

Chapter 5: Cuprate Superconductors: An Overview

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Families of Superconductive Cuprates

5.3 Variation of Charge Carrier Density (Doping)

5.4 Summary

References

Chapter 6: Crystal Structures of Cuprate Superconductors

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Diffraction Methods

6.3 Crystal Structures of the Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors

References

Chapter 7: Empirical Rules for the Critical Temperature

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Relations between Charge Carrier Density and Critical Temperature

7.3 Effect of the Number of CuO

2

Planes in the Copper Oxide Blocks

7.4 Effect of Pressure on the Critical Temperature

7.5 Summary

References

Chapter 8: Generic Phase Diagram of Cuprate Superconductors

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Generic Phase Diagram of Hole-Doped Cuprate Superconductors

8.3 Summary

References

Chapter 9: Superconducting Properties of Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Characteristic Length Scales

9.3 Superconducting Energy Gap

9.4 Magnetic Phase Diagram and Irreversibility Line

9.5 Critical Current Densities in Cuprate Superconductors

9.6 Grain-Boundary Weak Links

9.7 Summary

References

Chapter 10: Flux Pinning in Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Vortex Lattice

10.3 Consequences of Anisotropy and Intrinsic Pinning

10.4 Thermally Activated Flux Creep

10.5 Irreversibility Lines

10.6 Summary

References

Chapter 11: Transport Properties

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Normal-State Resistivity

11.3 Thermal Conductivity

11.4 Summary

References

Chapter 12: Thermoelectric and Thermomagnetic Effects

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Thermoelectric Power of Cuprate Superconductors

12.3 Nernst Effect

12.4 Summary

References

Chapter 13: Specific Heat

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Specific Heat at Low Temperatures

13.3 Specific Heat Jump at the Transition to Superconductivity

13.4 Specific Heat Data up to Room Temperature

13.5 Summary

References

Chapter 14: Powder Synthesis and Bulk Cuprate Superconductors

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Synthesis of Cuprate Superconductor Powders

14.3 Bulk Cuprate High-

T

c

Superconductors

14.4 Summary

References

Chapter 15: First- and Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor Wires

15.1 Introduction

15.2 First-Generation High-

T

c

Superconductor Wires and Tapes

15.3 Second-Generation of High-

T

c

Superconductor Tapes

References

Chapter 16: Cuprate Superconductor Films

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Film Deposition Techniques

16.3 Multilayers of Ultrathin Films

16.4 Strain Effects

16.5 Summary

References

Chapter 17: MgB2 – An Intermediate-Temperature Superconductor

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Physical Properties of MgB

2

17.3 MgB

2

Wires and Tapes

17.4 MgB

2

Bulk Material

17.5 MgB

2

Films

17.6 Summary

References

Chapter 18: Iron-Based Superconductors – A New Class of High-Temperature Superconductors

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Critical Temperatures of Iron-based Superconductors

18.3 Crystal Structures of Iron-based Superconductors

18.4 Physical Properties of Iron-based Superconductors

18.5 Synthesis of Iron-based Superconductors

18.6 Critical Current Densities in Iron-based Superconductors

18.7 Summary

References

Chapter 19: Outlook

19.1 Introduction

19.2 The Investigation of Physical Properties

19.3 Conductor Development

19.4 Magnet and Power Applications

References

Author Index

Subject Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1: Brief History of Superconductivity

Figure 1.1 Resistance vs. temperature plot obtained for mercury by Kammerlingh Onnes

Figure 1.2 Map of the highest known critical temperatures in different classes of superconducting materials. Panel (a): metals and molecular superconductors [2, 5, 7, 15–18, 21, 24, 29, 31–37]. Panel (b): HTSs (cuprates and iron-based superconductors) [19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 38–51]

Figure 1.3 The reciprocal value of the Carnot efficiency as a function of the operation temperature indicates that for the removal of a heat load of 1 W at an operation temperature of 4.2 K a power of W is required, while this power is only 2.9 W at an operation temperature of 77 K

Chapter 2: The Superconducting State

Figure 2.1 Energy E of free electrons in a one-dimensional lattice versus wave number k; a is the lattice constant

Figure 2.2 Fermi–Dirac distribution for low and high temperatures

Figure 2.3 Density of states and occupation of the energy states for a free electron gas

Figure 2.4 Energy versus wave number k for electrons in a one-dimensional periodic potential. The energy gaps at the boundaries of the Brillouin zones lead to the band structure shown on the right

Figure 2.5 Schematic illustration of the band structures of insulators, pure semiconductors, and metals

Figure 2.6 Occupation of energy states in a one-dimensional metal for (left) and an electric field applied in the –x direction (right)

Figure 2.7 Resistivity of copper for RRR-values of 10, 30, and 100. At very low temperatures, the intrinsic resistivity due to the electron–phonon interaction approaches zero ( data from [2])

Figure 2.8 Resistance versus temperature for a low-temperature superconductor

Figure 2.9 Resistance versus temperature curves of a single- and a multiphase high-temperature superconductor

Figure 2.10 Resistance versus temperature for a Ag/Bi-2212 multicore wire. The -values resulting from different definitions of the critical temperature are indicated

Figure 2.11 The magnetic flux is excluded from the interior of a superconductor without field-cooling (left) as well as with it (center). In contrast to this behavior, a magnetic flux would exist in the interior of a field-cooled perfect conductor (right)