Polymer Processing E-Book

Donald G. Baird

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1085

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Fundamental concepts coupled with practical, step-by-step guidance

With its emphasis on core principles, this text equips readers with the skills and knowledge to design the many processes needed to safely and successfully manufacture thermoplastic parts. The first half of the text sets forth the general theory and concepts underlying polymer processing, such as the viscoelastic response of polymeric fluids and diffusion and mass transfer. Next, the text explores specific practical aspects of polymer processing, including mixing, extrusion dies, and post-die processing. By addressing a broad range of design issues and methods, the authors demonstrate how to solve most common processing problems.

This Second Edition of the highly acclaimed Polymer Processing has been thoroughly updated to reflect current polymer processing issues and practices. New areas of coverage include:

• Micro-injection molding to produce objects weighing a fraction of a gram, such as miniature gears and biomedical devices
• New chapter dedicated to the recycling of thermoplastics and the processing of renewable polymers
• Life-cycle assessment, a systematic method for determining whether recycling is appropriate and which form of recycling is optimal
• Rheology of polymers containing fibers

Chapters feature problem sets, enabling readers to assess and reinforce their knowledge as they progress through the text. There are also special design problems throughout the text that reflect real-world polymer processing issues. A companion website features numerical subroutines as well as guidance for using MATLAB^®, IMSL^®, and Excel to solve the sample problems from the text. By providing both underlying theory and practical step-by-step guidance, Polymer Processing is recommended for students in chemical, mechanical, materials, and polymer engineering.

Leseprobe

POLYMER PROCESSINGPrinciples and Design

Second Edition

DONALD G. BAIRD

Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia

DIMITRIS I. COLLIAS

Procter & Gamble Co. Cincinnati, Ohio

Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Baird, Donald G. Polymer processing : principles and design / by Donald G. Baird, Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, Dimitris I. Collias, Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH. – Second edition. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-93058-8 (cloth) 1. Thermoplastics. I. Collias, Dimitris I. II. Title. TP1180.T5B26 2014 668.4′23–dc23

2013021897

Contents

Preface

Preface to the First Edition

Acknowledgments

1 Importance of Process Design

1.1 Classification of Polymer Processes

1.2 Film Blowing: Case Study

1.3 Basics of Polymer Process Design

References

2 Isothermal Flow of Purely Viscous Non-Newtonian Fluids

Design Problem I Design of a Blow Molding Die

2.1 Viscous Behavior of Polymer Melts

2.2 One-Dimensional Isothermal Flows

2.3 Equations of Change for Isothermal Systems

2.4 Useful Approximations

2.5 Solution to Design Problem I

Problems

References

Notes

3 Viscoelastic Response of Polymeric Fluids and Fiber Suspensions

Design Problem II Design of a Parison Die for a Viscoelastic Fluid

3.1 Material Functions for Viscoelastic Fluids

3.2 Nonlinear Constitutive Equations

3.3 Rheometry

3.4 Useful Relations for Material Functions

3.5 Rheological Measurements and Polymer Processability

3.6 Solution to Design Problem II

Problems

References

Notes

4 Diffusion and Mass Transfer

Design Problem III Design of a Dry-Spinning System

4.1 Mass Transfer Fundamentals

4.2 Diffusivity, Solubility, and Permeability in Polymer Systems

4.3 Non-Fickian Transport

4.4 Mass Transfer Coefficients

4.5 Solution to Design Problem III

Problems

References

5 Nonisothermal Aspects of Polymer Processing

Design Problem IV Casting of Polypropylene Film

5.1 Temperature Effects on Rheological Properties

5.2 The Energy Equation

5.3 Thermal Transport Properties

5.4 Heating and Cooling of Nondeforming Polymeric Materials

5.5 Crystallization, Morphology, and Orientation

5.6 Solution to Design Problem IV

Notes

Problems

References

6 Mixing

Design Problem V Design of a Multilayered Extrusion Die

6.1 Description of Mixing

6.2 Characterization of the State of Mixture

6.3 Striation Thickness and Laminar Mixing

6.4 Residence Time and Strain Distributions

6.5 Dispersive Mixing

6.6 Thermodynamics of Mixing

6.7 Chaotic Mixing

6.8 Solution to Design Problem V

Problems

References

7 Extrusion Dies

Design Problem VI Coextrusion Blow Molding Die

7.1 Extrudate Nonuniformities

7.2 Viscoelastic Phenomena

7.3 Sheet and Film Dies

7.4 Annular Dies

7.5 Profile Extrusion Dies

7.6 Multiple Layer Extrusion

7.7 Solution to Design Problem VI

Problems

References

8 Extruders

Design Problem VII Design of a Devolatilization Section for A Single-Screw Extruder

8.1 Description of Extruders

8.2 Hopper Design

8.3 Plasticating Single-Screw Extruders

8.4 Twin-Screw Extruders

8.5 Mixing, Devolatilization, and Reactions in Extruders

8.6 Solution to Design Problem VII

Problems

References

9 Postdie Processing

Design Problem VIII Design of a Film Blowing Process for Garbage Bags

9.1 Fiber Spinning

9.2 Film Casting and Stretching

9.3 Film Blowing

9.4 Solution to Design Problem VIII

Problems

References

10 Molding and Forming

Design Problem IX Design of a Compression Molding Process

10.1 Injection Molding

10.2 Compression Molding

10.3 Thermoforming

10.4 Blow Molding

10.5 Solution to Design Problem IX

Problems

References

11 Process Engineering for Recycled and Renewable Polymers

11.1 Life-Cycle Assessment

11.2 Primary Recycling

11.3 Mechanical or Secondary Recycling

11.4 Tertiary or Feedstock Recycling

11.5 Renewable Polymers and Their Processability

Problems

References

Nomenclature

Appendix A Rheological Data for Several Polymer Melts

A.1 Ldpe Data

A.2 Hdpe Data

A.3 Lldpe Data

A.4 Nylon 6, 6 Data

A.5 Pps Data

Appendix B Physical Properties and Friction Coefficients for Some Common Polymers in the Bulk State

Appendix C Thermal Properties of Materials

Appendix D Conversion Table

Index

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 2.8

Table 2.9

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 3.7

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Table 4.6

Table 4.7

Table 4.8

Table 4.9

Table 4.10

Table 4.11

Table 4.12

Table 4.13

Table 4.14

Table 4.15

Table 4.16

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 5.6

Table 5.7

Table 5.8

Table 5.9

Table 5.10

Table 5.11

Table 5.12

Table 5.13

Table 5.14

Table 5.15

Table 5.16

Table 5.17

Table 5.18

Table 5.19

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Table 7.3

Table 7.4

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Table 11.6

Table 11.7

Table 11.8

Table 11.9

Table 11.10

Table 11.11

Appendix A

Table A.1

Table A.2

Table A.3

Table A.4

Table A.5

Table A.6

Table A.7

Table A.8

Table A.9

Table A.10

Table A.11

Table A.12

Table A.13

Appendix B

Table B.1

Appendix C

Table C.1

Table C.2

Table C.3

Table C.4

Table C.5

Table C.6

Table C.7

Table C.8

Table C.9