Post-COVID 19 Long Hauler E-Book

Dr. Frank Hamo

• Herausgeber: BooxAi
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

Some people have been suffering for more than a year with no answers, no treatment options not even a forecast of what the future may hold. Researchers and data collection from scientists on post-COVID-19 illness had identified several neurological symptoms involving numbers of neurological disorder as listed below:

In this book will address the diagnosis of those symptoms as related to Post COVD infection or as pre-existing chronical illnesses

1. Doing tasks in the wrong order
2. Finding difficulty to do multi tasks at the same time
3. Forgetting to do things often
4. Working on automatic; not thinking
5. Headache and getting tired after performing small task
6. Memory, concentration, or sleep problems
7. Depression or anxiety
8. Feeling tired or yawning all the time
9. Being more irritable than usual
10. Being frustrated by tasks
11. Having difficulty concentrating
12. Loss of smell
13. Vertigo symptoms

Leseprobe

Frank Hamo

Post COVID-19 Long Hauler

Neurological Disorder

All rights reserved

Copyright © 2023 by Frank Hamo

No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

Published by BooxAI

ISBN: 978-965-578-134-2

POST COVID-19 LONG HAULER

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER

DR. FRANK HAMO

CONTENTS

1. Book Executive Summary

1.0 Book Executive Summary

Figure one: Brain Executive Functions

2. Brain Anatomy Educational Information

2.0 Brain Major Parts Anatomy

Figure two: Brain anatomy showing four lobes, cerebellum, and spinal cord

BRAIN ANATOMY EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION

Figure three: Brain High level Functions Illustration

Figure four: Brain High Level Four Lobes Functional Descriptions

2.1 How Brain Communicates

2.1.1 How Brain Neuron Sends and Receives Messages

Figure five: How Brain Communicates

Figure six: Brain parts responsible to performing tasks

2.2 Human Brain Parts Functional Descriptions Overview

Table one: Four Lobes Functions

Figure seven: Brain Lobes Functions Detailed Illustration

Figure eight: Brain Limbic System

2.3 Brain Memory

2.4 Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid

2.5 Cranial nerves

Table two: Cranial Nerves

2.6 Brain Blood supply

2.7 Brain Cells

Figure ten: Glial Cells Anatomy

3. Detailed Description of Brain communications

3.0 Neurons are information messengers

3.1 Soma (cell body)

3.2 Memory may also involve the creation of new synapses

Figure eleven: Brain Neurological Cells

3.3 Deep Dive into Brain Internal Communication

Figure twelve: Synapse Anatomy

Figure thirteen: Chemical Synapse

4. How Coronavirus invades Brain Cells

Figure fourteen: COVID-19 Proteins Structures

4.0 Virus genetic structure encodes four or five structural proteins:

4.1 COVID-19 Brain Invasion Through Olfactory Explained

Figure fifteen: Astrocytes Cell Anatomy Illustration

Figure sixteen: Olfactory Nerve Anatomy

Figure seventeen: Olfactory Cells

Figure eighteen: Olfactory Physical Location Illustration

Figure nineteen: Olfactory Location Near Thalamus Illustration

4.2 COVID-19 Brain Invasion Through Lungs Capillary and Blood Flow Explained

Figure twenty: Virus Escapes from Alveoli

4.3 Brain Blood Brain Barrier

Figure twenty-one: Brain Blood Barrier

Figure twenty-two: Brain Blood Barrier under Electron Microscope

4.4 COVID virus was detected in brain tissues

Figure twenty-three: Inter Neurons

Figure twenty-four: Brain Injury Complication as a Result of COVID Brain Invasion

5. COVID-19 and Neurological Disorder problems

5.0 Brain Virus Entry Point

5.1 Neurological Disorders Symptoms and Causes

Table three: Post-COVID-19 Neurological Disorder Some Symptoms Still Under Investigation if COVID Related, this Book will address each Symptom.

Table four: Complete List of Neurological Disorders

5.2 Some examples of things a person might do because of brain fog include

5.3 Most Common Brain Fog Symptoms

Case Study A

5.4 Least Common Brain Symptoms

Case Study B

Figure twenty-five: Long Term Effects of COVID-19

5.5 Brain Lobes Function as Related to Brain Fog Symptoms

Table six: Brain Parts Functional Description

Figure twenty-six: Brain Lobes Functional Descriptions

Figure twenty-seven: Amygdala in the brain, and close-up view of amygdala neurons, 3D illustration.

Figure twenty-nine: Frontal Lobe Visualized Location

Figure thirty: Brain Right and Left Functional Description

6. Post COVID-19 Brain Fog Diagnosis

6.0 This section will address the most common brain fog symptoms following past COVID infection

Table seven: Brain Fog Most Common Symptoms.

6.1 Brain Fog: What causes it?

7. Symptom One

Forgetting About Tasks Started But Not Completed

7.1 Brain short-term memory damages evaluation

7.2 Concentration Prefrontal Lobe Damage

7.3 Astrocytes

7.4 Microglia

7.5 Glia damage control

Figure thirty-one: Neurological Cells Anatomy Illustration

7.6 Imaging Diagnosis for Symptom One

Figure thirty-two: Glia Cells Damages under Electron Microscope

Figure thirty-three: Brain Cells Astrocytes and Neuron Interrelationship Anatomy Illustration

7.7.1 MRI Advance Imaging Diagnose for Brain Fog Symptom One

Figure thirty-four: Ischemic stroke followed severe COVID infection.

Figure thirty-five: Multi MRI Scan for Frontal and Temp Lobes Infarct

Figure thirty-six: Multi MRI Scan for Frontal and Temp Lobes Infarct (Sample Image)

8. Symptom Two

Taking Much Longer Than Usual To Complete Simple Tasks

8.0 This symptom can be related to different factors rather than post-COVID infections as:

8.1 Physician Performs Imaging Diagnosis for Symptom two as Related to Post-COVID Infection

Figure thirty-seven: Evidence of PFC Degradation Enhanced MRI Sample Imaging

9. Symptom Three

Feeling Frequently Distracted

9.1 Experience occasional brain fog and anxiety

Figure thirty-eight: Which Parts of the Brain Responsible for Concentration

9.2 Physician Performs Enhanced MRI Imaging

Figure thirty-nine: MRI Scan for Prefrontal Cortex Evidence of Inflammation

10. Symptom Four

Feeling Tired When Working

Identifying brain damaged parts can relate to symptom four.

10.1 Coronavirus potentially triggering chronic fatigue syndrome

Figure forty: Hypothalamus Stress Response Anatomy Illustration

10.2 Physician Performs Enhanced MRI Imaging for Hypothalamus as a Result of Stress Syndrome

Figure forty-one: Diagnosis for Hypothalamus MRI Scan evidence of any previous damaged as a result of post-COVID infection

11. Symptom Five

Needing More Time To Complete Small Tasks

Identifying brain damaged parts can relate to symptom five.

11.1 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder affects behavior

11.2 Brain Areas to be Examined

Figure forty-two: Anterior cingulate Anatomy Illustration

11.3 Frontal, basal ganglia Anatomy Illustration

Figure forty-three: Front Ganglia AnatomySymptom Five Diagnosis and Enhance MRI Imaging

11.4 Physician Performs Enhanced MRI Scan for Ganglia

Figure forty-four: Enhanced MRI Sample scan of Basal Ganglia Evidence of Post-COVID Infection

12. Symptom Six

Finding Difficulty Sleeping

Identifying brain damaged parts can relate to symptom six.

12.1 Difficulties Sleeping due to COVID Infection.

12.2 Brain Parts Responsible for Sleeping

12.3 Brain Parts Involved in Sleeping Anatomy Illustration

Figure forty-five: Pineal Glands Anatomy

12.4 Sleep Deprivation Caused by Post-COVID Infection

Figure forty-six: Physician performs enhanced MRI Sample scanning for evidence of any damage to the brain hypothalamus gland as a result of post-COVID infection

Figure forty-seven: Hypothalamus Damage Assessment Sample Scan

13. Being More Irritable Than Usual

Identifying brain damaged parts can relate to symptom seven.

13.1 Irritability is a common emotion.

13.2 Damaged Amygdala as a result of post-COVID Infection, MRI Scan

Figure forty-eight: Amygdala Location

Figure forty-nine: Limbic System Glands Details Anatomy Illustration

Figure fifty: Enhanced MRI Amygdala Sample Scan

Figure fifty-one: cerebral cortex (Sample Scan)

Figure fifty-two: Cerebral Cortex Infarct Enhanced MRI Sample Scan

Cerebral Cortex Blood Clots as Result from COVID Severe Infection

14. Symptom Eight

Being Frustrated By Tasks

14.1 Neural representations of tasks

14.2 Prefrontal Cortex Thalamus

Figure fifty-three: Previous COVID Infection Simple Image

Figure fifty-four: Thalamus Sample MRI Scan

15. Symptom Nine

Anxiety is Often Driven by Many Factors Other than Post COVID Infection

15.1 Anxiety and COVID-19

15.2 Factors can trigger anxiety as:

15.3 Common Triggers Related to post-COVID Infection

Figure fifty-five: No evidence of any brain damage is related to anxiety. Illustration.

16. Symptom Ten

Forgetting To Do Things Often

16.1 Forgetfulness

16.2 Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

Figure fifty-six: Normal Brain MRI

16.2.1 Doing tasks in the wrong order

16.3 Dementia damage showing in MRI Scan

Figure fifty-seven: Advanced Dementia Sample Scan

17. Symptom Eleven

Headache And Being Uncommunicative

Identifying Brain Parts Damage Can Relates to Symptom Eleven

17.1 Brain Area of Investigation for being uncommunicative

18. Symptom Twelve

Working On Automatic, Not Thinking

18.1 Brain Making Judgment

18.2 Having Difficulty Concentrating

19. Symptom Thirteen

Vertigo Balance Problem

19.1 Vertigo Caused by Post-COVID Infection

19.2 Vestibular Neuritis

Figure fifty-eight: Inner Ear Anatomy Illustration

19.3 Vertigo vector illustration

Figure fifty-nine: Vertigo Management

Table eight: Summary of Brain Symptoms and Area of Diagnosis

19.4 What are Post-COVID Dizziness Symptoms?

19.5 Understanding General Causes Of Dizziness And Imbalance

19.5.1 How does COVID-19 cause dizziness?

19.6 When Does Dizziness From Long COVID Start?

19.6 Dizziness And Vertigo After COVID-19 Vaccination

20. Managing Vertigo

20.2 Treatment Of Vestibular Neuronitis Physician Recommendation Is Advised

21. How Can Covid Affect Memory And Thinking

22. Symptoms: Questions And Answers

22.1 Why Does COVID Affect Memory and Thinking?

22.1.1 Fatigue

22.1.1 Fear and Anxiety

22.1.3 Low mood

22.2 Brain inflammation

23. Managing Neurological Problems

23.1 Managing Attention and Concentration Problems

23.1.1 Managing Memory Problems

23.1.2 Managing Executive Problems

24. When You Need To See A Doctor

24.1 What signs should someone look out for? And when should they go to a doctor about brain fog?

25. Brain Anatomy Reference Diagrams

Diagram A1: Human Brain Diagram

Diagram A2: Median Section of the BrainDiagram

Diagram A3: Brain Nucleus

Diagram A4: Brain High Mental Function

A5: Brain Concentration and Planning

Diagram A6: Brain Sulcus and Gyrus Diagram

What is the brain sulcus and gyrus?

Diagram A7: Brain Nerve System

Diagram A8: Brain MRI Lobes Infarct

Diagram A9: Brain Detailed Synaptic

Diagram A10: Brain Neuron Communication

Diagram A11: Brain Left and Right Function

Diagram A12: Limbic System Physical Location

Diagram A13: Brain Blood Supply Showing Arteries Blood Clots

Diagram A14: Brain Peripheral Nerve System

Diagram A15: Brain Neuron Anatomy

Diagram A16: Brain Synaptic Transmission

26. Other Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Related To Different Organs

26.1 Other Post-COVID-19 symptoms are broken down into the following categories:

26.2 List of identified post-COVID-19 symptoms from trusted scientific sources for information only

About the Author

1

BOOK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 Book Executive Summary

Many people who have been sick with COVID-19, some who had mild or no symptoms, reported dealing with additional symptoms long after their acute illness ended. The long-haul COVID-19 symptoms can range from fatigue or headaches to mental health issues or chronic pain, involving multiple organ tissues damage due to the immune system cytokine storm response to the virus infection. It can ravage healthy cells during the process of fighting the infection.

Some people have been suffering for more than a year with no answers, no treatment options—not even a forecast of what the future may hold.

Researchers and data collection from scientists on post-COVID-19 illness had identified a few symptoms involving multiorgan symptoms as:

Brain neurological and limbic system COVID-related symptomsCardiovascular system COVID-related symptomsRespiratory system COVID-related symptomsLiver system COVID-related symptomsRenal system COVID-related symptomsGastrointestinal system COVID-related symptoms

This book will concentrate on post-COVID-19 neurological disorders as a focus point by providing the patients with enough information on reported symptoms and detailed information about which parts of the brain are responsible for these symptoms.

Note these symptoms can be triggered by different factors other than post- COVID infection.

This book will address screening and MRI diagnosis for the following symptoms as listed below. The provided samples of illustrated images are for informational and educational purposes only. Doctors can advise more images of diagnosis if required. Treatment options are beyond the scope of this book.

A- List of neurological disorder possibility results of post-COVID-19 infections or previous chronic conditions as listed below:

Doing tasks in the wrong orderFinding difficulty to do multi tasks at the same timeForgetting to do things oftenWorking on automatic, not thinkingHeadache and getting tired after performing small tasksMemory, concentration, or sleep problemsDepression or anxietyFeeling tired or yawning all the timeBeing more irritable than usualBeing frustrated by tasksHaving difficulty concentratingLoss of smellVertigo

B- Introduction to brain anatomy

C- Brain modular lobe’s function

D- Defining brain parts related to post-COVID-19 neurological dis- order symptoms

E- Imaging diagnosis for brain parts malfunctions using MRI technology

F- Brain modulars and neurons communication

Enhanced MRI Screening is advised to isolate the symptoms, physician discretion is also advised.

Note: The symptoms that listed above can be caused by previous COVID infection as long hauler, or it can be caused by previous chronic illnesses. The purpose of this book is informational only for physicians and patients, and we do not provide solid evidence about this information. It is based on data collection from multiple clinical sources due to the fact most of these symptoms are still under clinical research and investigation.

Treatment option is beyond the scope of this book, and its physician and specialist decisions come after performing a detailed and in-depth screening evaluation.

Figure one: Brain Executive Functions

2

BRAIN ANATOMY EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION

2.0 Brain Major Parts Anatomy

This section will provide the reader with enough information to understand the functions of the brain’s main parts, including all four lobes. By comparing the parts’ function and the manifestation of the post-COVID symptoms, it will make it easier for the reader to understand which brain parts are affected by the virus when discussing the symptoms with their physicians.

Figure two: Brain anatomy showing four lobes, cerebellum, and spinal cord

The frontal lobes are important for voluntary movement, expressive language, and for managing higher level executive functions.

BRAIN ANATOMY EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION

The temporal lobes are also believed to play an important role in processing emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception, understanding language learning, and remembering verbal information.

The occipital lobes sit at the back of the head and are responsible for visual perception, including color, form, and motion. Damage to the occipital lobe will result in difficulty with identifying colors.

The parietal lobes are responsible for processing somatosensory information from the body; this includes touch, pain, and temperature.