Practical Internet of Things with JavaScript E-Book

Arvind Ravulavaru

• Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 222

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

In this world of technology upgrades, IoT is currently leading with its promise to make the world a more smarter and efficient place.

This book will show you how to build simple IoT solutions that will help you to understand how this technology works. We would not only explore the IoT solution stack, but we will also see how to do it with the world’s most misunderstood programming language - JavaScript. Using Raspberry Pi 3 and JavaScript (ES5/ES6) as the base to build all the projects, you will begin with learning about the fundamentals of IoT and then build a standard framework for developing all the applications covered in this book. You will then move on to build a weather station with temperature, humidity and moisture sensors and further integrate Alexa with it. Further, you will build a smart wearable for understanding the concept of fall detection. You will then extend it with the 'If This Then That' (IFTTT) rules engine to send an email on fall detection. Finally, you will be working with the Raspberry Pi 3 camera module and surveillance with a bit of facial detection using Amazon Rekognition platform.

At the end of the book, you will not only be able to build standalone exciting IoT applications but also learn how you can extend your projects to another level.

Leseprobe

Practical Internet of Things with JavaScript

Build standalone exciting IoT projects with Raspberry Pi 3 and JavaScript (ES5/ES6)

Arvind Ravulavaru

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Practical Internet of Things with JavaScript

Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing

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Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: December 2017

Production reference: 1211217

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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ISBN 978-1-78829-294-8

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Credits

Authors

Arvind Ravulavaru

Copy Editor

Safis Editing

Reviewers

Vijaya Kumar Suda

Project Coordinator

Kinjal Bari

Commissioning Editor

Vijin Boricha

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Acquisition Editor

Reshma Raman

Indexer

Pratik Shirodkar

Content Development Editor

Eisha Dsouza

Graphics

Kirk D'Penha

Technical Editor

Varsha Shivhare

Production Coordinator

Shantanu Zagade

About the Author

Arvind Ravulavaru is a platform architect at Ubiconn IoT Solutions, with over 9 years of experience in software development and 2 years in hardware and product development. For the last 5 years, he has been working extensively on JavaScript, both on the server side and the client side, and for the last couple of years in IoT, building a platform for rapidly developing IoT solutions, named the IoT Suitcase. Prior to this, he has worked on big data, cloud computing, and orchestration.

Arvind has already written couple of books named Learning Ionic and Learning Ionic - Second Edition, which talks about building Mobile Hybrid applications using Ionic framework v1, v2, and v3.

First off, I would like to thank all the people who have purchased my Learning Ionic and Learning Ionic second edition books. The support from you guys has been tremendous. I really appreciate it. I would like to thank the Packt team for doing an amazing job in releasing and promoting the book. A very special thanks to my 4-month-old lab, Dexter for letting me write my book without bothering much to play with him at nights. Thanks to the team at Ubiconn IoT Solutions who were behind me in getting this book out. Special thanks to Ramesh Noothi, for helping me set up the hardware as well Nagesh Adicharla, who has also created all the schematic images for the book. Last but not the least, thanks to the entire team at Packt for supporting me. I sincerely thank my content development editor, Eisha Dsouza and technical editor, Varsha Shivhare for their awesome support. Thanks to Reshma Raman and the production team for taking the book to press. Special thanks to my family, without whose support this book wouldn’t have been possible. Thank you.

About the Reviewer

Vijay Suda has over 17 years of experience in the IT industry. He works as a solution architect for a major consulting firm in the USA, operating in the Java, cloud, IoT, big data, and machine learning spaces. He worked for Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro Technologies in solution architecture, design and development of enterprise level systems with Java/J2EE, and SOA-related technologies. He has experience with various clients in the banking, telecom, and retail domains in Switzerland, Belgium, Mexico, Bahrain, India, and the USA.

He is passionate about implementing AI and machine learning algorithms to make a positive impact on society. He has recently been working on deep learning technologies such as TensorFlow, scikit-learn, and pandas for machine learning.

I would like to thank my father, Koteswara Rao Suda, and my mother, Rajyalakshmi Suda, for watching my first steps and supporting me in every step to reach here; my dear wife Radhika for everything she has done for me; my lovely son Chandra; and my cute daughter Akshaya for her warming smile.

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Fear lies in the unknown

Table of Contents

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

The World of IoT

The world of IoT

What is IoT?

A bit of history

IoT use cases

Technology overview

Product engineering

Summary

IoTFW.js - I

Designing a reference architecture

Architecture

Smart device

Gateway

MQTTS broker

API engine

MongoDB

Web app

Mobile app

Desktop app

Data flow

Smart device to the apps

App to the smart device

Building the reference architecture

Installing Node.js on the server

Installing nodemon

MongoDB

Local installation

Using mLab

MQTTS broker - Mosca

API engine - Node.js and Express

Authorization

MQTT client

API engine testing

Communication between broker and API engine

Raspberry Pi software

Setting up Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi MQTTS client

Communication between the broker and the Raspberry Pi

Troubleshooting

Communication between the Raspberry Pi, the broker and the API engine

Web app

Setting up the app

Project structure

App module

Web app services

Web app components

Launching the app

Summary

IoTFW.js - II

Updating the API engine

Integrating web app and API engine

Testing an end-to-end flow using DHT11 and LED

Setting up and updating the Raspberry Pi

Updating the API engine

Updating the web app

Building the desktop app and implementing an end-to-end flow

Building the mobile app and implementing an end-to-end flow

Troubleshooting

Summary

Smart Agriculture

Agriculture and IoT

Designing a smart weather station

Setting up Raspberry Pi 3

Raspberry Pi and MCP3208

Moisture sensor and MCP3208

Raspberry Pi and DHT11

Setting up the API engine

Setting up the web app

Setting up the desktop app

Setting up the mobile app

Summary

Smart Agriculture and Voice AI

Voice AI

Test drive

Building a smart socket

Setting up relay with Raspberry Pi

Managing relay in an API engine

Updating the web app template

Updating the desktop app

Updating the mobile app template

Developing Alexa skill

Creating skill

Training the voice model

ngrok the API engine

Defining the lambda function

Deploying and testing

Summary

Smart Wearable

IoT and healthcare

Smart wearable

Setting up smart wearable

Updating the API engine

Updating the web app

Updating a desktop app

Updating the mobile app template

Summary

Smart Wearable and IFTTT

IFTTT and IoT

Fall detection

Updating Raspberry Pi

Building the IFTTT rules engine

Updating the web app

Updating the desktop app

Updating the mobile app

Summary

Raspberry Pi Image Streaming

MJPEG

Setting up Raspberry Pi

Setting up the camera

Testing the camera

Developing the logic

Updating the API engine

Updating the web app

Updating the desktop app

Updating the mobile app

Motion-based video capture

Updating the Raspberry Pi

Testing the code

Summary

Smart Surveillance

AWS Rekognition

Setting up smart surveillance

Setting up AWS credentials

Seeding the authorized faces

Testing the seed

Deploying to Raspberry Pi

Summary

Preface

We are part of a generation where people have already started adapting to IoT products. There is a lot of hype about IoT. This book will focus on building IoT-based applications that will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding when it comes to IoT. It will follow a project-based approach that will teach you to build standalone exciting, applications and will also teach you to extend your project to another level. We are going to use JavaScript as our programming language and Raspberry Pi 3 as our hardware to build interesting IoT solutions.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, The World of IoT, introduces you to the world of IoT. We will be looking at the history of IoT, identifying a few use cases, and getting a technical overview of what were are going to cover in this book.

Chapter 2, IoTFW.js - I, walks you through how to build a reference framework for developing IoT solutions using JavaScript. In this chapter, we cover the high-level architecture and get started with installing the required software. We will start with downloading the base application and stitching the Raspberry Pi together with the MQTTS broker and API engine.

Chapter 3, IoTFW.js - II, continues from where we left off in the previous chapter and completes the implementation of the API engine, web app, desktop app, and mobile app. At the end of this chapter, we implement a simple example with an LED and a temperature sensor, where instructions from the apps will turn the LED on/off and the value of the temperature sensor updates in real time.

Chapter 4, Smart Agriculture, talks about building a simple weather station using the reference architecture we have built. The weather station consists of four sensors, and using these we can monitor farm conditions. We will be making the required changes to the API engine, web app, desktop app, and mobile app.

Chapter 5, Smart Agriculture and Voice AI, shows how we can leverage the power of voice AI technology to build interesting IoT solutions. We are going to work with the smart weather station and add a one-channel mechanical relay to this setup. Then, using voice commands and Amazon Alexa, we are going to manage the weather station.

Chapter 6, Smart Wearable, talks about an interesting use case in the healthcare sector, postoperation patient care. Using a smart wearable device equipped with a simple accelerometer, one can easily detect whether a patient has fallen down. In this chapter, we build the required setup comment to gather the accelerometer values from the sensor.

Chapter 7, Smart Wearable and IFTTT, explains how the data collected from the accelerometer can be used to detect falls and at the same time notify the API engine. Using a popular concept named If This Then That (IFTTT)—we will be building our own rules engine, which will process predefined rules and take action accordingly. In our example, we are going to send an email to the patient's carer if a fall is detected.

Chapter 8, Raspberry Pi Image Streaming, shows how to take advantage of the Raspberry Pi camera module to build a real-time image streaming (MJPEG technology) solution to monitor your surroundings from anywhere in the world. We will also implement motion-based video capture to capture video when motion is detected.

Chapter 9, Smart Surveillance, walks you through the process of image recognition using Amazon's Rekognition platform. We will be capturing an image when motion is detected using the Raspberry Pi 3 camera module. Then, we will send this image to Amazon Rekognition platform to detect whether the image we have taken is of an intruder or of someone we know.

What you need for this book

To start building IoT solutions using JavaScript, you need to have the following:

Medium to advanced knowledge of JavaScript – ES5 and ES6

Medium to advanced knowledge of MEAN stack application development

Medium to advanced knowledge of Angular 4

Medium to advanced knowledge of Electron Framework

Medium to advanced knowledge of Ionic Framework 3

Novice to medium knowledge of digital electronic circuits

Novice to medium knowledge of Raspberry Pi

Novice to medium knowledge on sensors and actuators

Who this book is for

It is for readers who are already well versed with JavaScript and want to extend their JavaScript knowledge to building hardware solutions in the field of IoT. IoT enthusiasts interested in creating exciting projects will also find this book useful. This book is also useful for readers who are good at developing standalone solutions using Raspberry Pi; this book will help them add IoT capabilities to their existing projects using the world's most misunderstood programming language.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning. Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "Now, inside thebrokerfolder, create another folder namedcertsandcdinto that folder." A block of code is set as follows:

// MongoDB connection options mongo: { uri: 'mongodb://admin:[email protected]:41055/iotfwjs' }, mqtt: { host: process.env.EMQTT_HOST || '127.0.0.1', clientId: 'API_Server_Dev', port: 8883 }};

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout key.pem -x509 -days 365 -out certificate.pem

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Once logged in, click on theCreate Newbutton to create a new DB."

Warnings or important notes appear like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

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Customer support

Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase.

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code files for this book from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files emailed directly to you. You can download the code files by following these steps:

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Downloading the color images of this book

We also provide you with a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. The color images will help you better understand the changes in the output. You can download this file from https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/PracticalInternetofThingswithJavaScript_ColorImages.pdf.

Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books-maybe a mistake in the text or the code-we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title. To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.

Piracy

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Questions

If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at [email protected], and we will do our best to address the problem.

The World of IoT

Welcome to advanced IoT with JavaScript. In this book, we will look at building IoT solutions using JavaScript as our programming language. Before we start with the technical deep dive, I would like to talk about the world of IoT, the solutions offered by it, and what responsibilities fall on bestows on us developers who make these products. In this chapter, we will look at the following topics:

The world of IoT

History of IoT

IoT uses cases

Technology overview

Product engineering

The world of IoT

Imagine a scenario where you have run out of milk; you have noticed it and put it on your shopping list. But due to unforeseen reasons, you forgot to buy milk; well, you don't have milk for the next day.

Now imagine another scenario: you have a smart fridge, and it noticed that you are running out of milk, puts milk on your shopping list, and then updates your GPS route to come home via the supermarket, but you still forget it.

You have to now face the wrath of your refrigerator.

Now that things are getting real, imagine another situation where your fridge has skipped the middleman, you, and now directly places an order on Amazon, and Amazon delivers it by the time you need your breakfast the next day.

Scenario three is what is we are after. Let one machine talk to another machine and take decisions accordingly; things such as the type of milk, quantity, and expiry date are automatically validated before purchase.

We humans are now using the world of connected devices and smart devices to make our lives better.

What is IoT?

If you have been breathing for at least a decade, you must have heard terms such as smart living, smart spaces, and intelligent devices. All these refer to a parent concept called the Internet of Things (IoT).

In simple words, IoT is when we have our electronic, electrical, or electro-mechanical devices connect to the internet and talk to each other.

Smart devices primarily revolve around two things:

Sensors

Actuators

Any solution in the IoT space is either sensing something or actuating something.

With this technology, we have found the solution for Sheldon Cooper (from the Big Bang theory, CBS TV series), where he wants to know who sits on his spot as soon as someone sits on it:

Source: http://bigbangtheory.wikia.com/wiki/Sheldon%27s_Spot

All we do is place a weight sensor underneath the cushion, and if the weight increases, the sensor will trigger the camera pointing at the sofa to take a picture and send a push notification to him with the picture. How about that?

I know I have pushed the examples a bit, but you get the point, right?

A bit of history

IoT has existed in various forms for more than 35 years. The earliest example I found was a Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University in 1982. Developed by four graduate students, Mike Kazar, David Nichols, John Zsarnay, and Ivor Durham, they hooked up the Coke machine to the internet so that they could check from their desks whether the machine was loaded with cold Coke. Source (https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~coke/).

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee invented the first webpage in 1991.

Another example is the internet toaster by John Romkey. He connected his toaster to the internet using the TCP/IP protocol. He created one control to turn on the toaster and one control to turn it off. Of course, someone had to put the bread in the toaster:

Source: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7786805/

Another interesting IoT example is the Trojan Room coffee pot. This was created by Quentin Stafford-Fraser and Paul Jardetzky in 1993. A camera was located in the Trojan Room in the computer laboratory of the University of Cambridge. It monitored the coffee pot levels, with an image being updated about three times a minute and sent to the building's server:

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Room_coffee_pot

As mentioned previously, we can see that even before we could imagine the possibilities, people had already worked on internet-related solutions.

Over the past 2 years, there was one thing that I kept on seeing and started believing strongly:

"Laziness is the mother of Invention."

Not necessity, not boredom, but laziness. In this day and age, nobody wants to do mundane things such as grocery shopping, walking up to a switch, and turning on a light or AC. So, we are searching for new and innovative ways to solve these problems.

IoT use cases

Now that you have a feel for IoT, you can imagine the literally infinite possibilities that can be built using this piece of technology.

Based on my observations, IoT use cases can be crudely classified into three parts:

Problem solving

Convenience

Showing off

The problem solving part comes in where IoT is used to solve a real-world problem, for instance, a farmer whose farm is located half a kilometre from their home, and they have to walk all the way to the farm to turn on their water pumps/motors . Another scenario is where a post-operation patient's vital statistics can be sent to the hospital periodically after his/her discharge, to monitor the patient for any abnormalities. This is where IoT fits in pretty well.

Convenience is where you can turn on your air conditioner 30 mins before you reach your home so you can chill as you enter or unlock your door from your work if someone you know knocks at your door and you are not nearby.

showing off is where you go to another country just to turn on or off your porch light, just to show that IoT works.

All of them are forms of consumption of this technology.

In this book, we will look at covering a few solutions that fall into previous use cases.

Technology overview

Now that we know what IoT is, we can start defining the technology stack. In this book, we will build a generic framework using JavaScript for developing IoT applications.

We will follow the approach of cloud computing, where we have a bunch of devices that are connected to the cloud, compared to a fog computing approach, where there is a gateway that can do almost all the things a cloud can but is locally available in the on-premises.

Our smart devices will be powered by Raspberry Pi 3, which has the ability to talk to the cloud over Wi-Fi and also, using its GPIO pins, talk to the sensors and actuators. Using this simple piece of hardware, we will connect sensors and actuators and build some real-world solutions in this book.

Another alternative to Raspberry Pi 3 is Raspberry Pi Zero W, which is a miniature version of Raspberry Pi 3, in case you are looking to build a compact solution.

We will walk through each piece of technology in Chapter 2, IoTFW.js - I and Chapter 3, IoTFW.js - II, and from there on use these technologies to build IoT solutions in various domains.