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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Network automation is the use of IT controls to supervise and carry out everyday network management functions. It plays a key role in network virtualization technologies and network functions.
The book starts by providing an introduction to network automation, and its applications, which include integrating DevOps tools to automate the network efficiently. It then guides you through different network automation tasks and covers various data digging and performing tasks such as ensuring golden state configurations using templates, interface parsing. This book also focuses on Intelligent Operations using Artificial Intelligence and troubleshooting using chatbots and voice commands. The book then moves on to the use of Python and the management of SSH keys for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, all followed by practical use cases. The book also covers the importance of Ansible for network automation, including best practices in automation; ways to test automated networks using tools such as Puppet, SaltStack, and Chef; and other important techniques.
Through practical use-cases and examples, this book will acquaint you with the various aspects of network automation. It will give you the solid foundation you need to automate your own network without any hassle.
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Seitenzahl: 180
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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Practical Network Automation Second Edition
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
Commissioning Editor: Amey VarangaonkarAcquisition Editor: Heramb BhavsarContent Development Editor: Abhijit SreedharanTechnical Editor: Swathy MohanCopy Editor:Safis EditingProject Coordinator: Jagdish PrabhuProofreader: Safis EditingIndexer: Rekha NairGraphics: Tom ScariaProduction Coordinator: Jyoti Chauhan
First published: November 2017 Second edition: December 2018
Production reference: 1221218
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78995-565-1
www.packtpub.com
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Contributors
About the author
Abhishek Ratanhas around 16 years of technical experience in networking, automation, and various ITIL processes, and has worked in a number of roles in different organizations. As a network engineer, security engineer, automation engineer, TAC engineer, tech lead, and content writer, he has gained a wealth of experience in his career. He also has a keen interest in strategy game playing and, when he is not working on technical stuff, he is busy spending time on his strategy games. He is currently leading the automation and monitoring team, learning, and expanding his automation and Artificial Intelligence skills in the ServiceNow. His previous experience includes working for companies such as Microsoft, Symantec, and Navisite.
About the reviewer
Dilip Reddy Guda has acquired expertise in the unified communications domain, along with IP network switching and routing. He has worked on session border controllers, such as CUBE, SIP Server, SIP proxies, CUCM, and CISCO gateways, including SRST, BE4K, CME, and UCCE. He has expertise in SIP protocol, H323, and TDM technologies, along with experience in C++ based application development for Huawei's NGIN solution, and TCL programming. He also has expertise in Python programming involving network device automation, and DevOps framework development.
Skilled in RESTful API development, he is a network programming engineer with experience of Python programming, IP networking domains, and REST API framework development for network automation.
Packt is searching for authors like you
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Practical Network Automation Second Edition
About Packt
Why subscribe?
Packt.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewer
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Fundamental Concepts of Network Automation
Technical requirements
A readable script
Basic programs
Validating an IPv4 address
Making the right choice
Hiding credentials
Accessing APIs
Using regular expressions (regex)
Handling files
Making a decision (Python or PowerShell)
API access
Interacting with local machines
Introduction to code check-in and its importance
Git installation and initialization
Code check-in
Sample use cases
First use case
Second use case
Summary
Questions
Python Automation for Network Engineers
Technical requirements
Interacting with network devices
Network device configuration using template
Multithreading
Use cases
Using regular expressions (regex)
Creating loopback interface
Dynamic configuration updates
Summary
Questions
Ansible and Network Templatizations
Technical requirements
Ansible and network templates
Introduction to ad hoc commands
Ansible playbooks
Playbook examples
Ping to a particular IP from all routers
Section 1 – defining the scope of script
Section 2 – defining what to execute (define the task)
Ping to multiple IPs from all routers
Section 1 – basic declarations
Section 2 – declaring variables
Section 3 – executing the task
Section 4 – validations
Network templates
Step 1 – identifying the number of users the device is going to serve
Step 2 – identifying the right configuration based upon the SKU
Step 3 – identifying the role of the device
Python integration
Chef and Puppet
Chef
Step 1 – creating the recipe
Step 2 – uploading the recipe
Step 3 – adding the recipe to the run-list
Step 4 – running the recipe
Puppet
Chef/Puppet/Ansible comparison
Summary
Questions
Using Artificial Intelligence in Operations
Technical requirements
AI in IT operations
Key pillars in AIOps
Data source
Structured data
Non-structured data
Data collector
Data analysis
Machine Learning (ML)
Example of linear regression
Intelligent remediation
Application and use cases
Summary
Questions
Web Framework for Automation Triggers
Technical requirements
Web framework
Falcon
Encoding and decoding
Calling the web framework
Sample use case
Summary
Questions
Continual Integration
Technical requirements
Remediation using intelligent triggers
Step 1 – ensuring Splunk is configured to receive the data
Step 2 – validating the data (sample data)
Step 3 – writing script
Standardizing configurations on scale
Chatbot interactions
Use cases
Interacting with SolarWinds
Configuring Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) through Python
Autonomous System Number (ASN) in BGP
Validating the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
Summary
Questions
Assessment
Chapter 1: Fundamental Concepts of Network Automation
Chapter 2: Python Automation for Network Engineers
Chapter 3: Ansible and Network Templatizations
Chapter 4: Using Artificial Intelligence in Operations
Chapter 5: Web Framework for Automation Triggers
Chapter 6: Continual Integration
Other Books You May Enjoy
Leave a review - let other readers know what you think
Preface
Network automation is the use of IT controls to supervise and carry out everyday network management functions. It plays a key role in network virtualization technologies and network functions. The book starts by providing an introduction to network automation, and its applications, which include integrating DevOps tools to automate the network efficiently. It then guides you through different network automation tasks and covers various data digging and performing tasks such as ensuring golden state configurations using templates, interface parsing.
This book also focuses on Intelligent Operations using Aritifical Intelligence and troubleshooting using chatbots and voice commands. The book then moves on to the use of Python and the management of SSH keys for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, all followed by practical use cases. The book also covers the importance of Ansible for network automation, including best practices in automation; ways to test automated networks using tools such as Puppet, SaltStack, and Chef; and other important techniques.
Through practical use cases and examples, this book will acquaint you with the various aspects of network automation. It will give you the solid foundation you need to automate your own network without any hassle.
Who this book is for
If you are a network engineer or a DevOps professional looking for an extensive guide to help you automate and manage your network efficiently, then this book is for you. No prior experience with network automation is required to get started. However, you will need some exposure to Python programming to get the most out of this book.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Fundamental Concepts of Network Automation,introduces you to how to get started with automation. This will also help you learn and understand the various important aspects of network automation.
Chapter 2, Python Automation for Network Engineers, walks you through the methods and samples of how to get data and parse through the use of regexes. We will also learn about a number of advanced topics, such as writing Python scripts for network automation. With the help of a use case, readers will be able to automate their network using Python.
Chapter 3, Ansible and Network Templatizations, focuses on using templates for network golden states, and auto deployments of infrastructure using Ansible. We will also learn about how to virtualize Oracle databases and scale dynamically to ensure service levels.
Chapter 4, Using Artificial Intelligence in Operations, includes the implementation of AI in operations in order to perform self healing and remediations.
Chapter 5, Web Framework for Automation Triggers, discusses how to make scalable calls to automation frameworks and generate custom HTML/dynamic pages. This chapter will also cover the performance of complex tasks using API calls, along with the use case toward the end.
Chapter 6, Continual Integration, provides an overview and integration principles for network engineers with a view to managing rapid growth with high availability and rapid disaster recovery.
To get the most out of this book
The hardware and software requirements for this book are Python (3.5 onward), IIS, Windows, Linux, an Ansible installation, and real routers.
You need an internet connection to download the Python libraries. Also, basic knowledge of Python, along with knowledge of networking and basic familiarity with web servers such as IIS, is required.
Download the example code files
You can download the example code files for this book from your account at www.packt.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit www.packt.com/support and register to have the files emailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Log in or register at
www.packt.com
.
Select the
SUPPORT
tab.
Click on
Code Downloads & Errata
.
Enter the name of the book in the
Search
box and follow the onscreen instructions.
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
WinRAR/7-Zip for Windows
Zipeg/iZip/UnRarX for Mac
7-Zip/PeaZip for Linux
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub athttps://github.com/PacktPublishing/Practical-Network-Automation-Second-Edition. In case there's an update to the code, it will be updated on the existing GitHub repository.
We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available athttps://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Download the color images
We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. You can download it here: https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/9781789955651_ColorImages.pdf.
Conventions used
There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.
CodeInText: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "From the installation directory, we just need to invoke python.exe, which will invoke the Python interpreter."
A block of code is set as follows:
index="main" earliest=0 | where interface_name="Loopback45" | dedup interface_name,router_name | where
interface_status="up"
| stats values(interface_name) values(interface_status) by router_name | table router_name
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
# map URL to Classes
app.add_route("/decode", decod)app.add_route('/encode', encod)
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
pip install gevent
Get in touch
Feedback from our readers is always welcome.
General feedback: If you have questions about any aspect of this book, mention the book title in the subject of your message and email us at [email protected].
Errata: Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you have found a mistake in this book, we would be grateful if you would report this to us. Please visit www.packt.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details.
Piracy: If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the internet, we would be grateful if you would provide us with the location address or website name. Please contact us at [email protected] with a link to the material.
If you are interested in becoming an author: If there is a topic that you have expertise in, and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, please visit authors.packtpub.com.
Reviews
Please leave a review. Once you have read and used this book, why not leave a review on the site that you purchased it from? Potential readers can then see and use your unbiased opinion to make purchase decisions, we at Packt can understand what you think about our products, and our authors can see your feedback on their book. Thank you!
For more information about Packt, please visit packt.com.
Fundamental Concepts of Network Automation
This chapter details some of the key concepts that need to be applied practically before we deep-dive into network-automation-specific examples. As detailed in the first edition, understanding the concepts and how to write a program for network automation is as important as giving out accurate results of a script.
The following topics will be covered in this chapter:
A readable script
Basic programs
Making a decision on which scripting language to use (Python or PowerShell)
Introduction to code check-in and its importance
Sample use cases
Technical requirements
The technical requirements are as follows:
Python (3.5 or above)
PowerShell (5.0 or above)
Windows 8 or
above
(for PowerShell)
The codes for this chapter can be found at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Practical-Network-Automation-Second-Edition.
A readable script
As network automation/DevOps engineers, we often tend to overlook the way we write a script. The focus is always on providing accurate results, which is great, but as we scale our script or application, a focus on the readability of the script is essential.
This becomes a key requirement when we start to work as a team where we have multiple contributors for a script or set of scripts.
Let's look at an example of a bad Python script that returns the result as expected (output is correct):
x=input("What is your name:") print ("how are you"+x) y="how are you"+x if ("test1" in y) and ("test2" in y): print ("cool") x=y.split(" ") x=x[2]+"awesome" if ("are" in x): print ("not cool")
After the second or third line of code as we read through, we lose the understanding of program flow, and what the expected result was. Eventually, it becomes very difficult to interpret even a simple script such as this.
Imagine how difficult it would be for someone who has not written this code to interpret a bigger script (say, 50 lines).
Now, let's modify this code to make it readable:
#ask for input of user's name and prints it with a message
x=input("What is your name:")print ("how are you"+x)y="how are you"+x
#validates and prints message if 'test1' AND 'test2' exists in input
if ("test1" in y) and ("test2" in y): print ("cool")
#splits the sentence stored in variable x with blank spaces
x=y.split(" ")print (x)
#adds the string "awesome" to the third word in the sentence and stores
it in xx=x[2]+"awesome"
#validates if word "are" is in x and prints the message accordingly
if ("are" in x): print ("not cool")
As we can see, each section (or line) that achieves a specific result is tagged by a remark line (denoted by #). This line is a human-readable line that is ignored by the program (or compiler) and is used to ensure any reader of the program understands what is going on in each section. This ensures that each and every aspect of the script is easily understood by the reader; as the script is enhanced, troubleshooting and modifications in the program become very easy.
Another key aspect in the readability of a program is to ensure we add some key information at the very start of the code.
A generic suggestion would be to include the following:
The author's name
Version of the script (starts with 1.0)
One-liner description of basic usage of the script
Any specific installation requirements
As an example, let 's add this to the very top of the preceding script:
#Name: Abhishek Ratan#Version: 1.0#Usage: Asks for user input and validates it for some specific keywords#Additional installation required: None
Basic programs
Taking this forward, let's write some basic scripts or programs using Python that can help us understand how to leverage Python in our daily automation tasks.
