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- Herausgeber: Ben Business Group LLC
- Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021
Queen Elizabeth I
- A Biography of a Very Important Queen In World History
From the moment she was conceived, Queen Elizabeth I of England was the subject of controversy. The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth was accused of being illegitimate by English Catholics before she was even born, as they refused to acknowledge the annulment of Henry's first marriage. Elizabeth's childhood was tumultuous, as her mother was executed when she was two and a half years old, and she was raised as Henry's daughter but not Henry's heir.
Elizabeth became Queen in 1558, succeeding her half-sister Mary Tudor to the throne. Elizabeth refused to marry immediately and rule as co-regent with her husband, as Mary had done, and her decision to remain single and rule alone became a defining feature of her reign. However, Elizabeth knew that by entertaining the notion of marriage to a foreign prince she could maintain control of her own political authority. Naming an heir, whether from her own body or not, would destabilize her position and leave her vulnerable to a coup.
Elizabeth’s voluntary decision to never marry inspired a cult of virginity where the Queen’s decision to remain a virgin gradually became regarded as her greatest virtue. Poets, writers, and artists fueled the public’s worship of her virtue by creating recognizable iconography that created a legend around Elizabeth, even while she was still alive. Elizabeth’s loyal subjects often pointed out that her reign fulfilled one of the...
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Table of contents
Queen Elizabeth I
Chapter One : Early Years
Chapter Two : Becoming Queen of England
Chapter Three : The Matter of Succession
Chapter Four : The Edinburgh Treaty
Chapter Five : Mary Queen of Scots
Chapter Seven : The Last Suitor
Chapter Eight : Trouble in England
Chapter Nine : Mary's Execution
Chapter Ten : The Essex Affair
Questions
Answers
Conclusion
Queen Elizabeth I
by History-Episode - A Biography of a Very Important Queen In World History
Queen Elizabeth I
From the moment she was conceived, Queen Elizabeth I of England was the subject of controversy. The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth was accused of being illegitimate by English Catholics before she was even born, as they refused to acknowledge the annulment of Henry's first marriage. Elizabeth's childhood was tumultuous, as her mother was executed when she was two and a half years old, and she was raised as Henry's daughter but not Henry's heir.
Elizabeth became Queen in 1558, succeeding her half-sister Mary Tudor to the throne. Elizabeth refused to marry immediately and rule as co-regent with her husband, as Mary had done, and her decision to remain single and rule alone became a defining feature of her reign. However, Elizabeth knew that by entertaining the notion of marriage to a foreign prince she could maintain control of her own political authority. Naming an heir, whether from her own body or not, would destabilize her position and leave her vulnerable to a coup.
Elizabeth’s voluntary decision to never marry inspired a cult of virginity where the Queen’s decision to remain a virgin gradually became regarded as her greatest virtue. Poets, writers, and artists fueled the public’s worship of her virtue by creating recognizable iconography that created a legend around Elizabeth, even while she was still alive. Elizabeth’s loyal subjects often pointed out that her reign fulfilled one of the...
Get a copy of this summary and learn about the book.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Chapter One : Early Years
Chapter Two : Becoming Queen of England
Chapter Three : The Matter of Succession
Chapter Four : The Edinburgh Treaty
Chapter Five : Mary Queen of Scots
Chapter Six : The Casket Letters and Ridolfi Plot
Chapter Seven : The Last Suitor
Chapter Eight : Trouble in England
Chapter Nine : Mary's Execution
Chapter Ten : The Essex Affair
Questions
Answers
Conclusion
Chapter One : Early Years
Introduction
From the moment she was conceived, Queen Elizabeth I of England was the subject of controversy. The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth was accused of being illegitimate by English Catholics before she was even born, as they refused to acknowledge the annulment of Henry's first marriage. Elizabeth's childhood was tumultuous, as her mother was executed when she was two and a half years old, and she was raised as Henry's daughter but not Henry's heir.
Elizabeth became Queen in 1558, succeeding her half-sister Mary Tudor to the throne. Elizabeth refused to marry immediately and rule as co-regent with her husband, as Mary had done, and her decision to remain single and rule alone became a defining feature of her reign. However, Elizabeth knew that by entertaining the notion of marriage to a foreign prince she could maintain control of her own political authority. Naming an heir, whether from her own body or not, would destabilize her position and leave her vulnerable to a coup.
Elizabeth’s voluntary decision to never marry inspired a cult of virginity where the Queen’s decision to remain a virgin gradually became regarded as her greatest virtue. Poets, writers, and artists fueled the public’s worship of her virtue by creating recognizable iconography that created a legend around Elizabeth, even while she was still alive. Elizabeth’s loyal subjects often pointed out that her reign fulfilled one of the prophecies of Merlin, “then shall a Royal Virgin reign, which shall stretch her white rod over the Belgic shore and the great Castile smite so sore withal that it shall make him shake and fall.” The “great Castile,” of course, referred to King Philip of Spain.
When Elizabeth succeeded the throne of England, the country was divided along religious lines. A Protestant Queen, Elizabeth was relatively tolerant of Catholics in England and managed to avoid widespread persecution; while Mary Tudor will be forever remembered as “Bloody Mary” for her bloodthirsty persecution of English Protestants, Elizabeth is lauded for her even-handed approach. One of her mottoes, “video et taceo” (I see and keep silent), reflects this. Not everything Elizabeth is remembered for is positive, though; in the later years of her reign Elizabeth had her cousin Mary Queen of Scots executed, and a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity.
A Queen for forty-five years, Elizabeth's reign became known as the Elizabethan era, a golden age of exploration, triumph over foreign aggressors, and relative domestic peace that prompted the beginnings of the English Renaissance.
Chapter One: Early Years
Elizabeth Tudor was born on the 7th of September 1533 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, England, the first and only daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth's birth was significant as just four months earlier Katherine of Aragon, Henry VIII's first wife, had been formally stripped of her title as queen and Anne Boleyn had been crowned Queen Consort of England. Anne was incredibly unpopular with the English people, and her position was precarious as Henry VIII was desperate for a son and male heir to continue the Tudor line after his death. Having divorced one wife, Henry had nothing stopping him from doing it again. That Elizabeth was a girl was a disappointment to both of her parents; a traditional jousting tournament planned to celebrate the arrival of a male heir, was canceled.
Elizabeth was given a magnificent christening, and for the first two years and eight months of her life, she lived in absolute luxury, with her own household and staff of over 250 servants to tend to her every need. On her birth, Elizabeth became the heir presumptive to the throne of England, but she was not Henry VIII's first child born in wedlock - and therefore not his first heir. Katherine of Aragon had also given Henry a daughter, Mary, who lost her position as heir when Henry annulled his marriage to her mother. With Anne's encouragement, Henry separated Mary from her own household of servants, forcing her to live with Elizabeth at Hatfield House under dramatically reduced circumstances. Labeled a bastard, Mary was rejected by her father, separated from her mother, and endured many difficult years of solitude.
Two years and eight months after Elizabeth's birth, Anne Boleyn was charged with adultery, incest, and high treason. That Anne was actually guilty of these crimes is unlikely, and the charges are thought to have been fabricated by her enemy, Henry's chief advisor Thomas Cromwell, to get her out of the way. Henry's interest in Anne had waned as she experienced a number of unsuccessful pregnancies after giving birth to Elizabeth, and her behavior was said to be too immodest and tempestuous to last as Queen Consort of England. Guilty or not, Anne was beheaded on the 19th of May 1536; Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and formally removed from the line of succession.
Henry VIII remarried and his new wife, Jane Seymour, quickly gave him a son, whom the couple named Edward. Elizabeth was moved into Edward's household where she was no longer the principal heir but did receive a first-class education. Elizabeth learned Flemish, Italian, Spanish, French and Greek, languages she grew so proficient in that as an adult she could speak each as well as her native tongue. Elizabeth was praised as a brilliant scholar with an acute mind and formidable memory from a young age, and she readily absorbed the ideals of the “reformed faith” followers, or Protestants, she was surrounded by.
On Henry's death in 1547, Edward, now nine years old, became King Edward VI, and Elizabeth joined Catherine Parr, Henry's sixth wife and widow, at her household in Chelsea. Catherine was married surprisingly soon after Henry's death to Admiral Thomas Seymour, an uncle to Edward. At Chelsea, Elizabeth's formal education continued, but she soon became prey to inappropriate behavior from Thomas Seymour. When Thomas' penchant for tickling and slapping the young Elizabeth in her nightgown developed into further indecency, Catherine stepped in; in May 1548 Elizabeth was sent back to Hatfield House. Catherine died in childbirth, and when the King's council heard of Thomas's behavior with Elizabeth, second in line to the throne of England, he was arrested on suspicion of plotting to marry her. The fact that he was found outside the bedroom of the young King Edward with a loaded pistol did not help his cause, and he was later executed.
