Rapid Surgery E-Book

Cara R. Baker

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Rapid
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 341

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

This pocket reference and revision guide is a must for all medical students and junior doctors preparing for major surgical exams or needing a rapid reminder during a clinical attachment. Thoroughly updated, this new edition has been re-ordered by body systems with key surgical presentations ordered alphabetically within each section for ease of reference.

Now with important new topics including bariatric surgery, endovascular techniques, nutrition, SIRS and sepsis, Rapid Surgery presents up-to-date knowledge succinctly for easy and rapid access to information.

Leseprobe

Contents

Preface

List of abbreviations

Breast Surgery

Breast abscess

Breast cancer

Breast disease, benign

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Lung cancer

Pulmonary embolism

General Surgery

Abscesses

Advanced trauma life support (ATLS)

Appendicitis

Gastrointestinal perforation

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Hernia, femoral

Hernia, inguinal

Hernias, miscellaneous

Hyperhidrosis

Ileus and pseudo-obstruction

Ingrowing toenail

Intestinal ischaemia

Intestinal obstruction

Intussusception

Leg ulcers (venous)

Lipomas

Meckel’s diverticulum

Nutrition

Pain management

Peritonitis

Pilonidal sinus

Sebaceous cysts

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis

Splenic rupture

Head and Neck Surgery

Branchial cyst, sinus and fistula

Parathyroid disease

Salivary gland tumours

Thyroglossal cyst and fistula

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid goitre

Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery

Cholangiocarcinoma

Gallbladder cancer

Gallstones

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver abscess

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatitis, acute

Pancreatitis, chronic

Lower gastrointestinal surgery

Anal carcinoma

Anal fissure

Angiodysplasia

Colon cancer

Colonic polyps

Crohn’s disease

Diverticular disease

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, lower

Haemorrhoids

Perianal abscess and fistula

Rectal cancer

Rectal prolapse

Toxic megacolon

Ulcerative colitis

Volvulus, colonic

Neurosurgery

Cord compression and injury

Extradural haemorrhage

Hydrocephalus

Intracerebral haemorrhage

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Subdural haemorrhage

Opthalmology

Cataracts

Orthopaedic Surgery

Fracture, neck of femur

Septic arthritis

Plastic surgery

Basal cell carcinoma (skin)

Burns

Gangrene and necrotising fasciitis

Lymphoedema

Melanoma, malignant

Pressure sores

Squamous cell carcinoma (skin)

Procedures

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (open)

Amputation, above knee

Amputation, below knee

Appendicectomy

Bariatric surgery

Cardiac transplantation

Carotid endarterectomy

Chest drain

Cholecystectomy

Circumcision, male

Colorectal resections, abdomino perineal resection

Colorectal resection, left hemicolectomy

Colorectal resection, low anterior

Colorectal resection, right hemicolectomy

Coronary artery bypass graft

Endovascular procedures

Gastrectomies

Laparoscopic abdominal surgery

Liver resection

Liver transplantation

Mastectomy

Mastectomy, segmental (wide local excision)

Renal transplantation

Skin grafts and flaps

Splenectomy

Stomas

Suturing

Thyroidectomy

Tracheostomy

Vascular access

Vasectomy

Whipple’s procedure (pancreatoduodenectomy)

Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery

Achalasia

Gastric cancer

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, upper

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Hernia, hiatus

Oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal perforation

Peptic ulcer disease

Pyloric stenosis

Volvulus, gastric

Urology

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Bladder cancer

Epididymitis and orchitis

Hydrocoele

Penile carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma

Renal carcinoma

Testicular cancer

Testicular torsion

Urinary tract calculi

Vascular Surgery

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

Aortic dissection

Arteriovenous fistulae and malformations

Carotid artery disease (atherosclerosis)

Carotid body tumour

Deep vein thrombosis

Ischaemic lower limb, acute

Ischaemic lower limb, chronic

Varicose veins

Topic Index

This edition first published 2010, © 2010 by Cara R Baker, James T H Teo and George Reese Previous edition: 2005

Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwells publishing program has been merged with Wileys global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Baker, Cara R.

Rapid surgery / Cara R. Baker, James T.H. Teo, George Reese. – 2nd ed.p. ; cm. – (Rapid series)

Rev. ed. of: Rapid surgery / Ebube E. Obi … [et al.]; editorial advisor, Brian Davidson. 2005.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-1-4051-9329-0

1. Surgery–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Teo, James T. H. II. Reese, George, Dr. III. Rapid surgery. IV. Title. V. Series: Rapid series.

[DNLM:1. General Surgery–Handbooks. WO 39 B167r 2010]

RD37.R375 2010

617–dc22

2010008344

Preface

In Rapid Surgery, we envisaged a student revision aid that focused on key facts presented in a classical mnemonic format to facilitate learning. This consisted of each subject presented in the subheadings of D: Definition; A: Aetiology; A: Associations/Risk Factors; E: Epidemiology; H: History; E: Examination; P: Pathology/Pathogenesis; I: Investigations; M: Management; C: Complications and P: Prognosis. In this second edition, the presentation has been revised with clearer subheadings to help the reader. We have updated the content and introduced new topics, for example, bariatric surgery, that have an important place in modern surgical practice.

We hope that this book will continue to compliment your personal and ward-based learning and you enjoy reading it.

We thank our previous contributors, Dr Mark Teo, Dr Ebube Obi and Professor Brian Davidson, MD, FRCS. We thank our teachers through the years, Wiley-Blackwell publishing for their support and the patients who were our chief educators.

Finally, we would like to acknowledge our families for their support, especially the Bakers and Ping Lim.

Cara R. Baker

George Reese

James T.H. Teo

List of abbreviations

AAAabdominal aortic aneurysmABCairway, breathing, circulationABGarterial blood gasABPIankle–brachial pressure indexACAGacute closed-angle glaucomaACEangiotensin-converting enzymeACTHadrenocorticotropic hormoneAKAabove-knee amputationAMIacute myocardial infarctionANDIaberrations of normal development and involutionAPanterioposteriorARDSacute respiratory distress syndromeASAAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists5-ASA5-aminosalicylic acidATLSadvanced trauma life supportAVarteriovenousAVMarteriovenous malformationAXRabdominal X-rayBCGbacillus Calmette–GuérinBPblood pressureBPHbenign prostatic hyperplasiaCABGcoronary artery bypass graftingCAVATASCarotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty StudyCEAcarcinoembryonic antigenCMVcytomegalovirusCRPC-reactive proteinCSDHchronic subdural haematomaCTcomputed tomographyCVAcerebrovascular accidentCVPcentral venous pressureCXRchest X-rayDMdiabetes mellitusDMSAdimercaptosuccinic acidDNAdeoxyribonucleic acidDTPAdiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acidDVTdeep vein thrombosisEBVEpstein–Barr virusECGelectrocardiogramECSTEuropean Carotid Surgery TrialEEGelectroencephalogram/graphyERCPendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyEVARendovascular aortic aneurysm repairFAPfamilial adenomatous polyposisFBCfull blood countFEVforced expiratory volumeFFPfresh frozen plasmaFNAfine-needle aspirationFNACfine-needle aspiration cytologyG&Sgroup and saveGCSGlasgow Coma ScaleGIgastrointestinalGISTgastrointestinal stromal tumourGORDgastro-oesophageal reflux diseaseHCChepatocellular carcinomaHCGhuman chorionic gonadotropinHDUhigh dependency unitHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusHNPCChereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancerHPFshigh power fieldsHRThormone replacement therapyIBDinflammatory bowel diseaseICinspiratory capacityICPintracranial pressureIgGimmunoglobulin GINRinternational normalized ratioIOPintraocular pressureIPSSInternational Prostate Symptom ScoreITUintensive therapy unitIVintravenousIVCinferior vena cavaIVUintravenous urogramJVPjugular venous pressureKUBkidney, ureter, bladderLBOlarge-bowel obstructionLDHlactate dehydrogenaseLFTliver function testLHRHluteinising hormone–releasing hormoneLIFleft iliac fossaLMNlower motor neuronLUTSlower urinary tract symptomMALTmucosa-associated lymphoid tissueMC&Smicroscopy culture and sensitivityMENmultiple endocrine neoplasiaMImyocardial infarctionMRAmagnetic resonance angiographyMRImagnetic resonance imagingMRCPmagnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographyMSUmidstream urineMTPmetatarsophalangealM-VACmethotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatinNASCETNorth American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy TrialNCAMneural cell adhesion moleculeNGnasogastricNPINottingham Prognostic IndexOCPoral contraceptive pillOGDoesophagogastroduodenoscopypANCAp antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodyPBCprimary biliary cirrhosisPEpulmonary embolismPETpositron emission tomographyPOAGprimary open-angle glaucomaPPIproton pump inhibitorPRper rectumPSAprostate-specific antigenPSCprimary sclerosing cholangitisPTCpercutaneous transhepatic cholangiographyPTFEpolytetrafluoroethylenePUFApolyunsaturated fatty acidPUVApsoralen ultraviolet ARASrenal artery stenosisRBBBright bundle branch blockRBCred blood cellRCCrenal cell carcinomaRIFright iliac fossaRPEretinal pigment epitheliumSBOsmall-bowel obstructionSBPspontaneous bacterial peritonitisSCsubcutaneousSDHsubdural haematomaSFJsaphenofemoral junctionSIADHsyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormoneSLEsystemic lupus erythematosusspp.species (pl)STsinus tachycardiaSVCsuperior vena cavaTBtuberculosisTEDthrombo-embolic deterrentTIAtransient ischaemic attackTNMtumour, node, metastasistPAtissue-plasminogen activatorTRUStransrectal ultrasonographyTURBTtrans-urethral resection of bladder tumourTURPtrans-urethral resection of prostateU&Eurea and electrolytesUICCInternational Union Against CancerUMNupper motor neuronURTIupper respiratory tract infectionUSGultrasonographyUSSultrasound scanUTIurinary tract infectionUVultravioletWCCwhite cell count

Breast Surgery

Breast abscess

DEFINITION

Localised infection with pus collection in breast tissue. The two main forms are puerperal (lactational) and non-puerperal.

AETIOLOGY

Lactational: Milk stasis associated with infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Non-puerperal: S. aureus and anaerobes, often enterococci or Bacteroides spp. (TB and actinomycosis are rare causes). Smoking, mammary duct ectasia/periductal mastitis, associated inflammatory breast cancer should be excluded. Also associated with wound infections after breast surgery, diabetes and steroid therapy.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Lactational breast abscesses are common and tend to occur soon after starting breastfeeding and on weaning, when incomplete emptying of the breast results in stasis and engorgement. Non-lactational abscesses are more common in those aged 30–60 years and in smokers.