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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Dominating the server market, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system gives you the support you need to modernize your infrastructure and boost your organization’s efficiency. Combining both stability and flexibility, RHEL helps you meet the challenges of today and adapt to the demands of tomorrow.
This practical Cookbook guide will help you get to grips with RHEL 7 Server and automating its installation. Designed to provide targeted assistance through hands-on recipe guidance, it will introduce you to everything you need to know about KVM guests and deploying multiple standardized RHEL systems effortlessly. Get practical reference advice that will make complex networks setups look like child’s play, and dive into in-depth coverage of configuring a RHEL system. Also including full recipe coverage of how to set up, configuring, and troubleshoot SELinux, you’ll also discover how secure your operating system, as well as how to monitor it.
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Seitenzahl: 219
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Table of Contents
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Cookbook
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Cookbook
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: December 2015
Production reference: 1151215
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78439-201-7
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Credits
Author
William Leemans
Reviewers
Kyung Huh
Marcus Young
Commissioning Editor
Kunal Parikh
Acquisition Editor
Reshma Raman
Content Development Editor
Arshiya Ayaz Umer
Technical Editor
Siddhesh Ghadi
Copy Editor
Shruti Iyer
Project Coordinator
Shipra Chawhan
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Graphics
Disha Haria
Production Coordinator
Conidon Miranda
Cover Work
Conidon Miranda
About the Author
William Leemans has over 20 years of experience in the IT industry in various positions and supporting several environments.
In 2005, he started his own consulting company, Critter BVBA, in the hope of offering open source solutions to his customers, who are mainly enterprises.
In 2010, William started supporting Red Hat products full time with the Federal Police, Belgium. Since then, he has moved on to support Red Hat products at Proximus and now Euroclear.
William is a strong open source supporter and contributes where he can. He has a couple of projects running at GitHub (https://github.com/bushvin). During the course of writing this book, William recertified himself as a Red Hat Certified Engineer, hoping to one day become a Red Hat Certified Architect.
When he's not tapping away at the keyboard of his laptop, William likes to play around with his two young children, listen to rock music (Foo Fighters, AC/DC, and Queens of the Stone Age are some of his favorites), and devising complicated and intricate plots for the stories that he runs at his biweekly roleplaying sessions with his friends.
Thank you, Caroline, my dear wife, for being my soul mate, supporting me during this lengthy process, and giving me the space, time, and motivation to see this to the end.
Thanks, Mom, Dad, and Fre, for your relentless and unwavering belief in me and support, regardless of my rebellious antics.
Thank you, Tim, for telling me that I should get into computers when you did. I wouldn't know where I would've ended up if you hadn't!
Thank you, Gilad, for being the friend I need in my darkest hours and my most joyous moments!
Thank you, Wednesday Guys, for the support and fun. Koeken troef!
Thank you, Dag, for taking me on to yet another rather interesting adventure in my life called Red Hat.
About the Reviewers
Kyung Huh is a senior consultant at Red Hat based in Korea. He is a Red Hat Certified Architect. Kyung has worked with Linux and open source software for more than 16 years as an instructor and consultant. He has a lot of experience in Linux environments and building virtualization and cloud infrastructures, such as Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and Red Hat OpenStack Platform, on the field. Kyung also reviewed Hybrid Cloud Management with Red Hat CloudForms and Getting Started with Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization by Packt Publishing.
Marcus Young recently graduated with a degree in computer science and mathematics before getting involved in system administration and DevOps. He currently works in software automation using open source tools and technologies. Marcus' hobbies include playing ice hockey and making home-brewed beer. He also enjoys hardware projects based on microcontrollers and single-board computers.
Marcus authored Implementing Cloud Design Patterns for AWS, Packt Publishing, as well.
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Preface
Gnu/Linux is the most important OS in the data center but how do you leverage it? How do you maintain and contain it? Many Gnu/Linux distributions try to answer these questions, but not all succeed. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is one that does answer these questions.
The next question is how do you, as a system administrator, manage a RHEL infrastructure? How do you deploy not just one system, but many? How do you make sure that it is secure and up to date? How can you monitor system components?
It may seem odd to you, but as a Red Hat Certified Engineer, I prefer the "lazy" approach—not as in "I can't be bothered," but as in "I like to do something once and do it good the first time and spend the rest of my time doing fun stuff."
In this book, I try to show you how to set up and configure systems, mainly by providing useful information to automate the setup, configuration, and management. This also explains the lack of the use of a GUI in this book. I'll be honest with you; I couldn't live without one on my laptop or desktop, but I do not believe servers should have a GUI. GUI-based applications tend not to have command-line counterparts, and I solemnly believe that if you cannot install, configure, manage, and maintain a piece of software through a script, it does not belong on a server.
This book does not pretend to be the de facto answer to all questions (that would be 42), but I do hope that you will learn something new and that, in turn, you will put this knowledge to good use. Remember, with great power, comes great responsibility!
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Working with KVM Guests, will not start by installing a basic RHEL system. It will start by introducing you to KVM if you don't already know it. You'll learn how to install and configure the KVM host and manage your KVM guests (the VMs). It will discuss the basics of adding resources on the fly, moving disks, and even moving the entire guest to another KVM host.
Chapter 2, Deploying RHEL "En Masse", will explore the ways of installing a RHEL system, introducing you to kickstart deployments, which are used to streamline automated system installs. If you want to orchestrate your environment, this chapter will lay out the basics for you to build on.
Chapter 3, Configuring Your Network, will explore NetworkManager tools to manage your network configuration, including advanced topics such as VLANs, link aggregation, and bridges. It will show you how to leverage its command-line tools to automate your system's network configuration during its deployment or afterwards, when all is installed.
Chapter 4, Configuring Your New System, will explain how to configure the basics, such as log retention, time, and your boot environment. It will also introduce you to the new systemd, which is SysVinit's replacement, and to monitoring and managing your services.
Chapter 5, Using SELinux, will give you an overview, but a brief one, on how to manage and troubleshoot SELinux on your system. SELinux is becoming more and more important in today's world because of its security implementation, and it's better to know about it than to just turn it off because you can't handle it.
Chapter 6, Orchestrating with Ansible, will tell you all about Ansible, which was recently bought by Red Hat. It will show you how to create simple playbooks that easily deploy new systems and how to manage your system's configuration.
Chapter 7, Puppet Configuration Management, will show you how to set up and configure Puppet. It will also give you a peek at its configuration management capacities.
Chapter 8, Yum and Repositories, will take a look at yum repositories, how you can create your own mirrors of the existing (Red Hat) repositories, and how to leverage it to keep your RHEL environment up to date without breaking a sweat.
Chapter 9, Securing RHEL 7, will take security configuration and auditing problems a bit further. We'll explore how to configure setting up centralized secure authentication and privilege escalation. It will show you how you can operate a system that appears to be "hung" and trace the root cause of the event.
Chapter 10, Monitoring and Performance Tuning, will show you the basics of easy performance tuning and how to monitor your system's resources.
What you need for this book
The only thing you'll need for the recipes in this book is the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation DVD, for which you can download an evaluation license from https://access.redhat.com/downloads. All software used in this book is either available through the RHEL media or the yum repositories specified in the recipes.
Who this book is for
This book is for the system administrators who want to learn about the new RHEL version and features that are included for management or certification purposes. Although this book provides a lot of information to get your Red Hat Certified System Administrator and/or Red Hat Certified Engineer certifications, it is by far a complete guide to get either!
To get the most of this book, you should have a working knowledge of the basic (RHEL) system administration and management tools.
Sections
In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it, How it works, There's more, and See also).
To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:
Getting ready
This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.
How to do it…
This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.
How it works…
This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.
There's more…
This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.
See also
This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We can include other contexts through the use of the include directive."
A block of code is set as follows:
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Clicking the Next button moves you to the next screen."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Downloading the color images of this book
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Errata
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Questions
If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at <[email protected]>, and we will do our best to address the problem.
Chapter 1. Working with KVM Guests
In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:
Introduction
This book will attempt to show you how to deploy RHEL 7 systems without too much of a hassle. As this book is written with automation in mind, I will emphasize on command-line utilities rather than elaborating on its GUI counterparts, which are useless for automation.
This chapter explains how to build and manage KVM guests using the libvirt interface and various tools built around it. It will provide a brief overview on how to set up a KVM on RHEL and manage its resources. The setup provided in this overview is far from the ready enterprise as it doesn't provide any redundancy, which is generally required in enterprises. However, the recipes provided are relevant in enterprise setups as the interface stays the same. Most of the time, you will probably use a management layer (such as RHEV or oVirt), which will make your life easier in managing redundancy.
Note
Libvirt is the API between the user and the various virtualization and container layers that are available, such as KVM, VMware, Hyper-V, and Linux Containers. Check https://libvirt.org/drivers.html for a complete list of supported hypervisors and container solutions.
As most tasks performed need to be automated in the end, I tend not to use any graphical interfaces as these do not allow an easy conversion into script. Hence, you will not find any recipes in this chapter involving a graphical interface. These recipes will primarily focus on virsh, the libvirt management user interface that is used to manage various aspects of your KVM host and guests. While a lot of people rely on the edit option of virsh, it doesn't allow you to edit a guest's configuration in real time. Editing your guest's XML configuration in this way will require you to shut down and boot your guest for the changes to take effect. A reboot of your guest doesn't do the trick as the XML configuration needs to be completely reread by the guest's instance in order for it to apply the changes. Only a fresh boot of the guest will do this.
The virsh interface is also a shell, so by launching virsh without any commands, you will enter the libvirt management shell. A very interesting command is help. This will output all the available commands grouped by keyword. Each command accepts the --help argument to show a detailed list of the possible arguments, and their explanation, which you can use.
Installing and configuring a KVM
This recipe covers the installing of virtualization tools and packages on RHEL 7.
By default, a RHEL 7 system doesn't come with a KVM or libvirt preinstalled. This can be installed in three ways:
