Rust Web Development with Rocket E-Book

Karuna Murti

• Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 384

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

Looking for a fast, powerful, and intuitive framework to build web applications? This Rust book will help you kickstart your web development journey and take your Rust programming skills to the next level as you uncover the power of Rocket - a fast, flexible, and fun framework powered by Rust.
Rust Web Development with Rocket wastes no time in getting you up to speed with what Rust is and how to use it. You’ll discover what makes it so productive and reliable, eventually mastering all of the concepts you need to play with the Rocket framework while developing a wide set of web development skills. Throughout this book, you'll be able to walk through a hands-on project, covering everything that goes into making advanced web applications, and get to grips with the ins and outs of Rocket development, including error handling, Rust vectors, and wrappers. You'll also learn how to use synchronous and asynchronous programming to improve application performance and make processing user content easy.
By the end of the book, you'll have answers to all your questions about creating a web application using the Rust language and the Rocket web framework.

Leseprobe

Rust Web Development with Rocket

A practical guide to starting your journey in Rust web development using the Rocket framework

Karuna Murti

BIRMINGHAM—MUMBAI

Rust Web Development with Rocket

Copyright © 2022 Packt Publishing

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First published: June 2022

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ISBN 978-1-80056-130-4

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To my family, Ing, Ping, and Ling, for their 7 years of patience. To my mom, Tjong Njoek Fa, who always supported me. To my dad, Lestoro, who introduced me to the wonderful world of books, reading, and writing.

– Karuna Murti

Contributors

About the author

Karuna Murti started out as a network engineer in Indonesia back in 2005. After that, he continued his career as a web developer, engineering manager, and chief engineer at a consulting company, using various languages such as PHP, Ruby, JavaScript, Fortran, and Python. He also worked with web applications and frameworks such as Magento, WordPress, and Ruby on Rails. In 2015, after establishing his own consulting company, he moved to Japan and now works as a technical lead at Merpay, one of the leading mobile payment apps in Japan. He is helping the company to build a cashless society by leading a team that connects millions of users with thousands of financial institutions in Japan. Even though he uses Go as the main language in his day job, Rust and Rocket have been a passion of his ever since their release.

I want to thank Tomohiro Kato for checking the outline of this book. Many thanks to Robert Jerovšek for reviewing this book.

About the reviewer

Robert Jerovšek is an experienced software engineer who enjoys challenges and has built various types of applications, ranging from mobile to web, but with a particular focus on developing robust backend systems for fast-growing services. He also has experience in management and is currently working as an engineering manager in Japan. Previously, he worked as a unit lead in South Korea and was the CTO of an EdTech start-up in Spain.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1: An Introduction to the Rust Programming Language and the Rocket Web Framework

Chapter 1: Introducing the Rust Language

Technical requirements

An overview of the Rust language

Why use the Rust language?

Installing the Rust compiler toolchain

Installing rustup on the Linux OS or macOS

Installing a different toolchain and components

Updating the toolchain, rustup, and components

Writing Hello World!

Writing a more complex program

Packages and Cargo

Cargo package layout

Using third-party crates

Tools and getting help

Tools

Text editor

Getting help and documentation

Summary

Chapter 2: Building Our First Rocket Web Application

Technical requirements

Introducing Rocket – a web framework written in the Rust language

The HTTP request life cycle in Rocket

Rocket launch sequence

Creating our first Rocket web application

An asynchronous application

Configuring our Rocket web application

Starting the Rocket application in different profiles

Configuring the Rocket web application

Configuring the Rocket application using Rocket.toml

Overriding the configuration with environment variables

Getting help

Summary

Chapter 3: Rocket Requests and Responses

Technical requirements

Understanding Rocket routes

HTTP methods

URI

Path

Query

Rank

Format

Data

Implementing route handlers

Creating responses

Wrapping Responder

Built-in implementations

Making default error catchers

Summary

Chapter 4: Building, Igniting, and Launching Rocket

Technical requirements

Managing state

Working with a database

Attaching Rocket fairings

Rocket phases

Fairing callbacks

Implementing and attaching fairings

Connecting to a database using rocket_db_pools

Summary

Chapter 5: Designing a User-Generated Application

Technical requirements

Designing a user-generated web application

Planning the user struct

Creating user routes

Making user-generated contents

Finalizing the application

Modularizing the Rocket application

Summary

Part 2: An In-Depth Look at Rocket Web Application Development

Chapter 6: Implementing User CRUD

Technical requirements

Implementing GET user

Implementing GET users

Implementing POST user

Implementing PUT and PATCH user

Implementing DELETE user

Summary

Chapter 7: Handling Errors in Rust and Rocket

Technical requirements

Using panic!

Catching panic!

Using shutdown

Using Option

Returning Result

Creating a custom error type

Logging errors

Summary

Chapter 8: Serving Static Assets and Templates

Technical requirements

Serving static assets

Introducing the Tera template

Showcasing users

Working with forms

Securing HTML forms from CSRF

Summary

Chapter 9: Displaying Users' Post

Technical requirements

Displaying posts – text, photo, and video

Using generic data types and trait bounds

Learning about ownership and moving

Borrowing and lifetime

Implementing borrowing and lifetime

Summary

Chapter 10: Uploading and Processing Posts

Technical requirements

Uploading a text post

Uploading a photo post

Processing files asynchronously

Uploading a video post and process using a worker

Summary

Chapter 11: Securing and Adding an API and JSON

Technical requirements

Authenticating users

Authorizing users

Handling JSON

Protecting the API with a JWT

Summary

Part 3: Finishing the Rust Web Application Development

Chapter 12: Testing Your Application

Technical requirements

Testing the Rust program

Testing the Rocket application

Debugging the Rust application

Summary

Chapter 13: Launching a Rocket Application

Technical requirements

Optimizing production binaries

Setting up the Apache HTTP Server with a Rocket application

Generating Docker images for a Rocket application

Summary

Chapter 14: Building a Full Stack Application

Technical requirements

Introducing WebAssembly

Setting up a Cargo workspace

Setting a WebAssembly build target

Writing a WebAssembly application using Yew

Serving a WebAssembly application using Rocket

Summary

Chapter 15: Improving the Rocket Application

Technical requirements

Extending the Rocket application

Adding logging

Expanding logging to tracing

Setting monitoring

Setting up a mailing and alerting system

Scaling the Rocket application

Exploring alternative Rust web frameworks

Actix Web

Tide

Warp

Summary

Other Books You May Enjoy

Preface

Rocket is one of the first web frameworks in the Rust programming language. Rocket provides complete tooling to build web applications, such as tools for routing the requests and the strong typing of the incoming requests, and middleware to manipulate incoming requests and outgoing responses. Rocket also provides support for templating and connections to various databases.

Rocket is a web framework written in the Rust programming language. As one of the newer programming languages, Rust is designed to be performant and safe. It is easy to create a safe, multithreaded, and asynchronous application. Rust also has a strong foundation in its tooling, documentation, and community packages. All those strengths contribute to Rust's rapid growth in popularity.

This book explores building a complete web application using the Rocket web framework and the Rust programming language. You will be introduced to various techniques to build a web application that can handle incoming requests, store the data in an RDBMS, and generate proper responses back to any HTTP clients.

Who this book is for

We wrote this book to help software engineers who want to learn how to use the Rocket web framework to build web applications. Although not mandatory, basic knowledge of the Rust programming language will help you understand the topics covered easily.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introducing the Rust Language, introduces the Rust language and the tools to build Rust applications.

Chapter 2, Building Our First Rocket Web Application, guides you through creating and configuring a Rocket application.

Chapter 3, Rocket Requests and Responses, introduces the Rocket routes, requests, and responses.

Chapter 4, Building, Igniting, and Launching Rocket, explains two important components of Rocket: state and fairings. State provides reusable objects, and fairings act as the middleware part of the Rocket application. This chapter also explains how to connect a database to the Rocket application.

Chapter 5, Designing a User-Generated Application, explores the process of designing an application and shows how to use Rust modules to create a more manageable web application.

Chapter 6, Implementing User CRUD, guides you on how to create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) objects in the Rocket web application and the database behind the Rocket application.

Chapter 7, Handling Errors in Rust and Rocket, explains how to handle errors in Rust and how we can apply error handling in the Rocket application.

Chapter 8, Serving Static Assets and Templates, shows how to serve files (such as CSS files and JS files) using the Rocket web application. You will also learn how to use a template to create a response for the Rocket web application.

Chapter 9, Displaying Users' Post, guides you through Rust generics and how to use generics to display different types of user posts.

Chapter 10, Uploading and Processing Posts, explains asynchronous programming and multithreading in Rust applications and how to apply these to process user uploads in the Rocket web application.

Chapter 11, Securing and Adding an API and JSON, guides you through creating authentication and authorization in a Rocket web application. This chapter also explains how to create JSON API endpoints and how to secure API endpoints with JWT.

Chapter 12, Testing Your Application, introduces you to testing the Rust application and creating an end-to-end test for the Rocket web application.

Chapter 13, Launching a Rocket Application, explains how to configure the production server to serve requests using the Rocket web application. This chapter also explains how to containerize the Rust application using Docker.

Chapter 14, Building a Full Stack Application, explains how to use the Rust programming language to build a frontend WebAssembly application to complement the Rocket web application.

Chapter 15, Improving the Rocket Application, explains how to improve and scale the Rocket web application. This chapter also introduces you to possible alternatives to the Rocket web framework.

To get the most out of this book

You will need a Rust compiler by installing Rustup and the stable toolchain on your computer. You can use Linux, macOS, or Windows. For macOS users, it is recommended to use Homebrew. For Windows users, it is recommended to install Rustup using the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL or WSL 2).

All the code in this book has been tested on Arch Linux and macOS, but they should work on other Linux distributions or the Windows operating system as well.

Since Rust is a compiled language, various development headers might have to be installed on your computer, for example, libssl-dev or libpq-dev. Pay attention to error messages when compiling the code sample in this book, and install the required libraries for your operating system and development environment if needed.

Further along in the book, in Chapter 10, we are going to process videos using the FFmpeg command line.

If you are using the digital version of this book, we advise you to type the code yourself or access the code from the book's GitHub repository (a link is available in the next section). Doing so will help you avoid any potential errors related to the copying and pasting of code.

Download the example code files

You can download the example code files for this book from GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Rust-Web-Development-with-Rocket. If there's an update to the code, it will be updated in the GitHub repository.

We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!

Download the color images

We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots and diagrams used in this book. You can download it here: https://packt.link/PUFPv.

Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "Built-in data types, such as Option or Result, handle null-like behavior in a safe manner."

A block of code is set as follows:

fn main() {     println!("Hello World!");}

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

impl super::Encryptable for Rot13 {    fn encrypt(&self) -> String {    }}

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

rustup default stable

rustup component add clippy

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For instance, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in bold. Here is an example: "Select System info from the Administration panel."

Tips or Important Notes

Appear like this.

Get in touch

Feedback from our readers is always welcome.

General feedback: If you have questions about any aspect of this book, email us at [email protected] and mention the book title in the subject of your message.

Errata: Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you have found a mistake in this book, we would be grateful if you would report this to us. Please visit www.packtpub.com/support/errata and fill in the form.

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Part 1: An Introduction to the Rust Programming Language and the Rocket Web Framework

In this part, you will learn about the Rust programming language, including the basics of it, how to install it on your operating system, and how to use the Rust tools and package registry. You will also create a Rocket web application and configure, compile, and run it. We will look at installing and including other packages for web applications. We will use sqlx for web application connection to relational databases.

This part comprises the following chapters:

Chapter 1, Introducing the Rust LanguageChapter 2, Building Our First Rocket Web ApplicationChapter 3, Rocket Requests and ResponsesChapter 4, Building, Igniting, and Launching RocketChapter 5, Designing a User-Generated Application