Space Planning Basics E-Book

Mark Karlen

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 368

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Conquer the complexity of interior design with a logical, methodical approach

Space Planning Basics is a definitive introduction and principle resource for thousands of designers. With step-by-step methodology based on the author’s several decades of design experience, this authoritative guide has become the de facto reference for an entire generation of designers. This updated fourth edition includes digitized drawings, diagrams, and matrices throughout, and newly added supplemental photographs. The text has been revised to reflect the latest developments in sustainable and universal design, including coverage of daylighting, benchmarking, LEED system standards, and green code issues. The companion website provides AutoCAD files, intrustor videos and matrices to give you a deeper real-world understanding of the design process. This book is perfect preparation for the NCIDQ exam.

Proper space planning goes way beyond sketching a preliminary floor plan. Successful implementation includes a balanced integration of code compliance, system support, and adherence to the client’s functional needs. Sustainability adds a new, important layer of complexity. This book shows you how to approach space planning in a way that ensures all considerations are met, and nothing gets lost in the process.

• Adopt an organized and comprehensive planning methodology
• Work effectively with dimensionally challenging spaces
• Consider building systems, codes, lighting, acoustics, and more
• Develop advanced skills and conquer new challenges

Space planning encompasses many components and processes, making a comprehensive reference necessary for mastery of the field. Space Planning Basics is a thorough, methodical resource that gets you started on the right track, with plenty of room for creativity.

Leseprobe

Space Planning Basics

FOURTH EDITION

Mark Karlen

Rob Fleming

This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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CONTENTS

Preface

Introduction

Recommended Reading

Recommended Readings

1: Planning Methodology

Defining Terms and Intent

The Synthesis Gap

The Design Program

Criteria Matrix

Prototypical Plan Sketches

Completing the Criteria Matrix

Relationship Diagrams

A Final Note on Planning Methodology

Recommended Reading

Codes and Regulations

2: The First Planning Steps: Bubble Diagrams and Block Plans

Bubble Diagramming

Space Planning Exercises

Block Planning

Recommended Reading

*Codes and Regulations

3: Small and Dimensionally Demanding Spaces

Human Factors

Barrier-Free Design Standards

Travel and Egress

Furniture Planning and Placement

Recommended Reading

4: The Building Shell and Major Systems

The Building Shell

Plumbing Systems

Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems

Recommended Reading

*Codes and Regulations

5: Important Influencing Factors

Building Codes

Green Building Rating Systems

Lighting Design

Acoustical Planning

Planning Rules of Thumb

Flexibility/Multiuse

Furniture

Spatial Quality

Interior Design Specialties

Recommended Reading

6: Developing a Rough Floor Plan

Getting Started

Construction Reality

Start with Plumbing

Major Spaces Next

Circulation Spaces

Basic Room Allocations

Furniture and Equipment

Storage and Filing

Spatial Quality

Sustainability Objectives

Review

Revisions

Recommended Reading

*Codes and Regulations

7: Refining the Solution

Refining the Rough Plan

The Preliminary Floor Plan

Drawing Quality and Techniques

Recommended Reading

8: Developing Skills beyond the Basic Level

Basic Implications

Programs within Programs

Open Plan/Systems Furniture

The Speculative Office Building

Future Expansion

Planning New Buildings

A Final Note

9: Stair Design Basics

Codes, Dimensions, and Configurations

Stair Design Case Studies—Phase I

Stair Design Case Studies—Phase II

Recommended Reading

Appendix A: Stair Terminology

Appendix B: Design Programs and Building Shells

Design Program 1A

Design Program 1B

Design Program 1C

Design Program 2A

Design Program 2B

Design Program 2C

Design Program 2S

Design Program 3A

Design Program 3B

Design Program 3C

BUILDING SHELLS

Building Description 1A

Building Description 1B

Building Description 1C

Building Description 2A

Buiding Description 2B

Building Description 2C

Building Description 2S

Building Description 3A

Building Description 3B

Building Description 3C

Index

Eula

List of Tables

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Chapter 9

Table 9−1a

Table 9−1b

Table 9−1c

Table 9−1d

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Illus. 1–1 Synthesis gap

Illus. 1-2 Site inventory and analysis

Illus. 1–3 Blank criteria matrix.

Illus. 1–4 Criteria matrix by hand

Illus. 1-5 Prototypical plan sketches of office drawn by hand

Illus. 1-6 Prototypical plan sketches of office drawn by CAD

Illus. 1-7 Hand prototypicals sheet 1

Illus. 1-8 Hand prototypicals sheet 2

Illus. 1-9 CAD prototypicals sheet 1

Illus. 1-10 CAD prototypicals sheet 2

Illus. 1–11 Criteria matrix with square feet.

Illus. 1–12 Criteria matrix with square feet and adjacency.

Illus. 1–13 Expanded criteria matrix Illus. 1–13

Illus. 1–14 Relationship diagrams Illus. 1–14

Illus. 1–15 Relationship diagrams by CAD.

Chapter 2

Illus. 2–1. Getting started with bubble diagrams

Illus. 2–2. Bubble diagrams: Design Program 2S

Illus. 2–3. Bubble diagrams: Design Program 2S

Illus. 2-4. Block Plans Sheet 1 and 2 Illus. 2-4. Block Plans Sheet 1 and 2 Illus. 2-4.

Chapter 3

Illus. 3–1 Residential kitchens plans

Illus. 3–2 Residential bathroom plans

Illus. 3–3 Public restroom plans

Illus. 3–4 Specialized equipment—intensive spaces. (a) Mail/copy; (b) control room with plotters and computer station

Illus. 3–5 End of corridor turnaround

Illus. 3–6 Two-way corridor

Illus. 3–7 Right angle corridor turn

Illus. 3–8 Narrow passageway opening

Illus. 3–9 Maximum slope of a ramp

Illus. 3–10 Minimum door opening

Illus. 3–11 Placement of door hardware

Illus. 3–12 Dimensional requirements for handrails

Illus. 3–13 Dimensional requirements for toilet stalls

Illus. 3–14 Dimensional requirements for one-fixture toilet rooms

Illus. 3–15 Dimensional requirements for two-fixture toilet rooms

Illus. 3–16 Multifixture women’s and men’s public restrooms

Illus. 3–17 Residential and hotel bathrooms

Illus. 3–18 Residential kitchens

Illus. 3–19 Conference room

Illus. 3–20 Lounge/living room

Illus. 3–21 Perspective of restroom

Illus. 3–22 Pespective of kitchen

Chapter 4

Illus. 4–1 Building configuration influences space planning

Illus. 4–2 Special partition placement conditions.

Illus. 4–3 Plumbing fixtures grouped along common pipe chase. Construction and maintenance economies demand this type of arrangement.

Illus. 4–4 Rule of thumb for plumbing placement in a very preliminary planning stage.

Illus. 4–5 The placement of new partitions in the renovation of older buildings with systems similar to those illustrated here requires particular attention to construction details

and

acoustic control between rooms.

Illus. 4-6 HVAC air supply considerations: placement of supply air and return grilles

Illus. 4-7 HVAC air supply considerations: elevation/sectional view, human comfort concerns, avoidance of bad draft conditions

Chapter 5

Illus. 5–1 Natural light and air for habitable rooms

Illus. 5–2 (a) Building with generous natural light/view availability provides desirable conditions for a majority of employees. Workstations with low partitions allow daylight to penetrate into space; (b) Building with limited natural light/view availability creates difficult decisions concerning priorities on spaces with windows

Illus. 5–3 Typical reflected ceiling plans

Illus. 5–4a, b Space planning for good acoustics.

Illus. 5–5 Partition construction with sound transmission class estimates.

Illus. 5–6 Typical operating partitions.

Chapter 6

Illus. 6–1 Plumbing use spaces

Illus. 6–2 Incorporate major spaces.

Illus. 6–3 Incorporate circulation spaces

Illus. 6–4 Efficient corridor planning

Illus. 6–5 Basic room allocations

Illus. 6–6 Incorporate furniture

Illus. 6–7 File drawer accommodation

Illus. 6–8 Incorporate storage and filing

Illus. 6–9 (a) Entry and reception desk; (b) interview stations

Illus. 6–10 Marked-up corrections plan

Illus. 6–11 Rough plan revised

Illus. 6–12 Rough reflected ceiling plan

Chapter 7

Illus. 7–1 Minimal technique, CAD

Illus. 7–2 Minimal technique, freehand

Illus. 7–3 Enhanced technique, CAD

Illus. 7–4 Enhanced technique, freehand

Illus. 7–5 An additional hand-drawing technique

Illus. 7–6 An additional digital-drawing technique

Chapter 8

Illus. 8–1 (a) Departmental relationship diagram; (b) Departmental bubble diagram

Illus. 8–2 Stacking diagram

Illus. 8–3 Charrette diagram.

Chapter 9

Illus. 9–1 Shallow riser garden stair

Illus. 9–2 Garden step-ramp path

Illus. 9–3 Accommodating sloping terrain

Illus. 9–4 Roman-era amphitheater utilizing the sloping terrain

Illus. 9–5 Ladder access to southwest American Pueblo settlement

Illus. 9–6 Blois Chateau—famous sixteenth-century spiral stair

Illus. 9–7 Paris Opera House—famous late-nineteenth-century grand stair

Illus. 9–8 Stair to a contemporary penthouse

Illus. 9–9 The Louve, Paris—twentieth-century addition (I.M.Pei, archiect)

Illus. 9–10 TWA Terminal, JFK Airport, NY—(Eero Saarinen, architect)

Illus. 9–11 KPMS Building, courtyard stair, Munich, Germany

Illus. 9–12 Rudimentary rough-hewn stone stair

Illus. 9–13 Roman era ruins in Morocco

Illus. 9–14 Pompidou Center, Paris – exterior escalator (Renzo Piano, architect)

Illus. 9–15 Maximum and minimum riser tread dimensions

Illus. 9–16 Length-of-run differential.

Illus. 9–17 Nosing types.

Illus. 9–18 Three riser min/run

Illus. 9–19 Spiral stair.

Illus. 9–20 Code requirement for center handrails.

Illus. 9–21 Required minimum headroom and handrail dimension.

Illus. 9–22 Handrail types.

Illus. 9–23 Typical area of refuge.

Illus. 9–24 Stair configurations

Illus. 9–25 Stair configurations—continued

Illus. 9–26 Differences in length-of-runs comparing stair and ramp using maximum ramp incline of 1″ for every 1′-0″ height

Illus. 9–27 Stairs adjacent to a building.

Illus. 9–28 Top: Garden stairs. Bottom: Step ramps

Illus. 9–29 Plan and section of single stair showing use of break line.

Illus. 9–30 Plan and section of stair over stair showing use of break lines.

Illus. 9–31 Plan and section of typical mid-landing stairs showing use of break lines.

Illus. 9–32 Sectional perspective.

Illus. 9–33 Case Study 1

Illus. 9–34 Key plan

Illus. 9–35 Building sections and plan details

Illus. 9–36 Techniques for getting required egress stairs exiting directly to the exterior

Illus. 9–37 Case study

Illus. 9–38 Case Study 4

Illus. 9–39 Walls or solid railings on both sides of the wood stair.

Illus. 9–40 Wall on one side, exposed wood stringer on the other.

Illus. 9–41 Notched and exposed stringer

Illus. 9–42 Single central stringer.

Illus. 9–43 Cantilevered treads

Illus. 9–44 Suspended treads.

Illus. 9–45 Freestanding concrete stairs.

Illus. 9–46 Wood stair construction and details

Illus. 9–47 Steel stair construction and details

Illus. 9–48 Concrete stair construction and details.

Appendix B

Illus 1A Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 1B Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 1C Building shell—key plan, floor plan and section

Illus 2A Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 2A RC–Building shell–reflected ceiling plan

Illus 2B Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 2C Building shell—key plan, floor plan and section

Illus 2S Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section plan

Illus 3A Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 3B Buiding shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 3C 3C Building shell—site plan, floor plan and section

Illus 3C 3C RC–Buiding shell—reflected ceiling plan

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Preface

There are two major new elements to this fourth edition of Space Planning Basics. The first is its digital content (available at www.wiley.com/go/KarlenSpace4e). All of the illustrations, design programs, and building shell drawings can be brought up on your computer screen, so that you can copy illustrations and floor plans and manipulate and work with matrixes and floor plans in completing the many programming and space planning exercises.

The second new element is the integration of sustainable design concepts and information. Sustainability has become a significant, if not essential, factor in the space planning process. For many, sustainable design is associated primarily with green roofs, solar panels and rainwater collection. The creation of high-quality interior spaces includes concerns for human comfort, social interaction, and productive and aesthetically appealing work spaces, all of which are necessary for sustaining a strong and vibrant quality of life. These issues are not new to those who design interior spaces, but they are not generally associated with the broad concepts of sustainability. The integration of sustainability and space planning demands a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to the space planning process. The revised text in this edition directs the reader to focus on sustainable design concepts and techniques—such as energy and water conservation, improved daylighting, indoor air quality, integrating active mechanical systems, and engagement with the building envelope—as part of the space planning process. This is clearly the necessary direction for those involved in creating the buildings and spaces of our future.

For the past two years I’ve had the opportunity to team teach a collaborative design studio course at Philadelphia University. This past year the studio consisted of 25 students; 14 of them in Professor Rob Fleming’s Master of Science Sustainable Design Program and 11 of them, in my charge, students in the Master of Science Interior Architecture Program. In addition to Rob and me, adjunct faculty in mechanical engineering, landscape architecture, and construction management were also involved. The students in both programs came from a great variety of undergraduate disciplines. They were grouped in teams of four or five students; each team was charged with solving a large and complex adaptive reuse urban project over the course of one semester. In a truly collaborative effort, the interior architects on each team space planned and designed the interior elements, while the others worked with all of the sustainable design concerns of the project. It was a successful and rewarding experience for all involved.

The extra benefit for me was working with Rob Fleming in planning the course and teaching in the studio together. Rob is a particularly devoted and energetic teacher and program manager from whom I’ve learned a great deal. The students in the collaborative studio made use of the previous edition of this book, but I realized that Space Planning Basics needed an infusion of the sustainable design concepts that they had integrated into their problem-solving techniques. I was pleased when Rob agreed to join me as a coauthor in this fourth edition, so that some of his depth of knowledge and experience in sustainable design could become an integral part of students’ experiences with this book.

In addition to my appreciation for Rob Fleming providing new and critical content for this educational tool, I want to acknowledge the collaborative help of two young architects, Madhura Dhayagude and Pratiksha Patel, who have been invaluable in reconfiguring and digitizing much of the book’s graphic material, from diagrams and matrixes to floor plans and sections. I’m indebted to the designer/architect team of Kate Lyons and Peter Elsbeck, who provided the perspective sketches in Chapters 3 and 6. As always, special thanks to Paul Drougas and Seth Schwartz, my editors at Wiley, who have been consistent supporters throughout the entire process. My hope is that the resulting book is of significant value to students in mastering space planning and stair design skills.

MARK KARLEN