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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
The book is based on the author`s experience in leading and transforming large test engagements and architecting solutions for customer testing requirements/bids/problem areas. It targets the testing practitioner population and provides them with a single go-to place to find perspectives, practices, trends, tools, and solutions to test applications as they face the evolving digital world.
This book is divided into five parts where each part explores different aspects of testing in the real world. The first module explains the various testing engagement models. You will then learn how to efficiently test code in different life cycles. The book discusses the different aspects of Quality Analysis consideration while testing social media, mobile, analytics, and the Cloud. In the last module, you will learn about futuristic technologies to test software.
By the end of the book, you will understand the latest business and IT trends in digital transformation and learn the best practices to adopt for business assurance.
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Seitenzahl: 354
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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Table of Contents
Testing Practitioner Handbook
Testing Practitioner Handbook
Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: March 2017
Production reference: 1170317
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78829-954-1
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Renu Rajani
Reviewer
Jorge Armin Garcia Lopez
Commissioning Editor
Ashwin Nair
Acquisition Editor
Denim Pinto
Content Development Editor
Anurag Ghogre
Technical Editor
Rutuja Vaze
Copy Editor
Shaila Kusanale
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Tejal Daruwale Soni
Graphics
Abhinash Sahu
Production Coordinator
Deepika Naik
About the Author
Renu Rajani is a seasoned IT services/consulting leader with 27 years of experience. She has worked with reputed tier-1 IT services companies. Renu's experience spans across delivery, transformation, providing technical solutions, outsourcing governance, and consulting.
She has served Tier-1 organizations including IBM, Citi, Capgemini, KPMG Consulting in key leadership roles.
Renu is an active blogger on digital quality assurance, technology, and managed services and has a follower base of over 15K on social media. She has been a key contributor to Capgemini/Sogeti/HPE World Quality Report during 2015-17. She has led the creation of go-to-market offerings in the area of digital, DevOps, and business assurance.
Renu has been recipient of the Testing Thought Leadership award in 2008 by PureTesting and Testing Leader of the year award by Unicom in 2015.
This book brings together some of her popular blogs on latest technologies and QA considerations in a book form. Renu authored her first book on software testing in 2003 with McGrawHill.
Renu holds an MS from the Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University USA, an MBA in Finance from DAVV Indore, and a B Tech in Computer Science from IET, Lucknow University. She is an IBM Sr PM certified with DPE/SM discipline, and holds the ITIL V3, CAIIB, and PMP Certifications.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank my family for putting up with my blogging/social media activities that I have been deeply entrenched into and have led to this book. I would like to thank several colleagues who have contributed to the authoring of my blogs. A list of contributors for the supporting content of respective chapters is provided in the following table:
Contributors Name
Chapter Number
Vamsi Venkata Ch
39
Sripriya CP
6, 45
Ranganath Gomatham
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 36
Manish Goyal
7,8, 10, 14, 32
Sabyasachi Guharay
30, 44
Sunil Hs
15
Vaishali Jayade
27
Varun Khanna
38, 45
Sharad Kumar
24
Pulkit Mathur
12, 31, 33, 34, 35
Jyotirmay Mishra
15
Sumanth Murthy
22
Manojkumar Nagaraj
4, 26, 29, 37, 42
Vidya Prasanna
9
Vishal Rai
29
Rohit Sharan
2, 5
Prashanth SP
13
Shyam Sridhar
3
Palaniappan Subramanian
38
Mukund Thaker
39,40
Rajesh Thakker
41
Ashish Velankar
25
Bhaskar Venkataraman
21, 26
About the Reviewer
Jorge Armin Garcia Lopez is a very passionate Information Security Consultant from Mexico with more than 8 years of experience in computer security, penetration testing, intrusion detection/prevention, malware analysis, and incident response. He is the head of GCS-CERT. He is also a security researcher at Cipher Storm Ltd Group and is the cofounder and CEO of the most important security conference in Mexico, called BUGCON. He holds important security industry certifications, such as OSCP, GCIA, and GPEN. He loves to review code and books about information security and programming languages. He has worked on Penetration Testing with Blackbox, Penetration Testing with the Bash Shell, Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), Django Essentials, and Getting Started with Djando all by Packt.
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Preface
The book is based on my experience of leading and transforming large test engagements and architecting solutions for customer testing requirements, bids, or problem areas. I have been actively blogging in the area of Managed Testing Services, various emerging technologies in the digital world, and how these impact the way quality assurance is carried out.
My continued blogging activity over the last two years, and the inputs and encouragement from my follower base have encouraged me to author this Quality Assurance (QA) practitioners handbook. With each blogpost, I provided a point of view on emerging areas before others.
This book would help QA and other IT professionals keep abreast of industry and technology changes and better adapt to digital transformation. This book would be a valuable source to find points of view, practices, trends, tools, and solutions for QA professionals involved in new-age testing.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, State of Digital Transformation – What Has Changed in the Last Four Years (2013-16)? to Chapter 5, Crowdsourcing – Enabling Flexible, On-Demand Testing COEs: We start with trends in digital transformation in Chapter 1, State of Digital Transformation – What Has Changed in the Last Four Years (2013-16)?. Through Chapter 2, Future of Testing Engagement Models – Are Predictions of Increased QA Spends Justified?, to Chapter 5, Crowdsourcing – Enabling Flexible, On-Demand Testing COEs, we cover the evolution of testing engagement and operating models such as Managed Services, Testing Center of Excellence (TCOE), Digital Factory QA Model, crowd sourcing, weekend testing, and various value levers available through emerging QA engagement operating models.
Chapter 6, Testing Goes an Extra Mile over Weekends, to Chapter 20, Accessibility Test Automation in DevOps Environment, cover testing and automation in Agile/DevOps engagements, covering functional and non-functional (performance, TDM, Test Environment Management, virtualization, and so on) areas. The following are covered in these chapters:
Chapter 21, Performance Tuning of Java Applications to Chapter 34, Blockchain Technology – Assuring Secure Business cover the trends in social media, mobility, analytics, and cloud (SMAC) applications, and the QA considerations for these. The key trends and QA considerations pertain to the following:
Chapter 29, Applying Robotic Automation to Mobile Applications Testing to Chapter 35, Technologies for Digital Supply Chains and QA Considerations cover futuristic technologies, IoT, machine learning, cognitive applied to the business, and how the QA discipline is preparing to test for these technologies and apply these in testing:
Chapter 36, Potential Innovations in eHealth-Care – Implications for Testing and QA to Chapter 41, Testing Airline Digital Applications – Case for Responsive Design covers specific domains—how digital transformation is impacting these domains, specific business challenges, QA challenges, and a way to address them. Specific industries/domains covered include e-healthcare:
Chapter 42, Orthogonal Array Testing (OAT) – an Application in Healthcare Industry to Chapter 46, Robotics and Machine Learning Combined with Internet of Things – What Could This Mean for Indian Services Industries conclude the book with four chapters on the impact of digital transformation, robotics, machine learning, IoT, and other emerging technologies presented in this book on IT, consulting, and testing:
What you need for this book
There are no supplementary aids in addition to this book.
Who this book is for
This book is meant for practicing population in QA and testing area, but other professionals in IT services and businesses would equally benefit. It covers the latest trends and practices that testing and QA professionals should keep abreast of, given the advancements in digital technologies. The book does not contain the basics of testing that a QA professional practices in daily life, for example, how to write a test plan or test case, and so on.
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Chapter 1. State of Digital Transformation – What Has Changed in the Last Four Years (2013-16)?
The year 2015 was the first time significant trends in digital transformation were spotted in the World Quality Report (WQR). The upward trend continued in 2016 with the growing adoption of digital. In this chapter, we have will discuss the specific changes we witnessed in the last 4 years in QA transformation. Some of the trends I have observed are discussed further on.
Renewed focus on efficiency and effectiveness
In the last 4 years, the focus of QA transformation has evolved from centralizing QA to focus on the increased use of Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) and digital initiatives to improved customer experience.
In 2015, security and protecting corporate image were cited as the key IT objectives in line with an organization's desire to secure their digital presence and reduce the damage to their corporate reputation.
In 2016, the key strategic IT drivers included security, customer experience, and corporate image. Additionally, there was renewed focus on efficiency and effectiveness as important QA and testing objectives.
QA and testing transformation focus
The focus of the QA transformation agenda has undergone a shift over the last few years from focus on centralizing QA to addressing vulnerabilities in digital business, to increased QA spends, to increased customer, and user experience combined with security and a renewed focus on efficiency. Refer to the following table:
2013
2014
2015
2016
Centralizing and streamlining testing functions indicating continuing maturing of the QA function.
QA and testing transformation drivers
The key driver for QA and testing transformation has changed from cost optimization in 2013 to the need for instant access to information in 2014, to focusing on customer value and end user experience in 2015. Customer experience has stayed the focus in 2016 as well:
2013
2014
2015
2016
Cost optimization
People's need for instant connectivity and access to information
Focus on customer value and the impact of IT quality on end user experience
Protect corporate image and enhance customer experience
State of digital maturity
We define digital maturity based on whether an organization has appointed or is in the process of appointing a Chief Digital Officer (CDO). The year 2016 has seen the automotive (76% respondents mention having a CDO or in the process of appointing one) and public sectors (73%) at the top of the leaderboard in digital maturity based on this criteria. These sectors had been laggards in 2015. Increased adoption of digital for citizen services and inclusion justifies the top rank for the public sector.
Spends for digital QA
About 63% of the QA budget (versus 53% in 2015) is used in QA for new developments in mobile, cloud, Business Intelligence (BI)/Business Analytics (BA), and IoT areas.
There is less correlation between digital maturity and QA spend in 2016. Organizations with the absence of a digital strategy seem to have a higher QA spend than the ones with digital maturity. Why do organizations with digital strategy have lower QA spend? It is likely that in a hurry to move ahead in digital transformation, organizations have progressed in development with inadequate QA.
Predictions on the level of cloud-based applications
Cloud-based applications are set to increase over the next 3 years. There has been an overall drop in the use of the public, private, and hybrid cloud. However, the use of on premise cloud has seen a significant increase.
A surprise finding is that despite the data privacy concerns, the use of public and hybrid cloud has increased in Europe.
Also, the findings suggest that focus on functional validation while migrating to the cloud was ignored and only performance testing was considered adequate. This again suggests that in a hurry to progress in digital transformation, organizations have ignored quality.
Increased challenges in mobile and IoT multichannel testing
In 2016, the WQR findings suggest increased challenges in mobile, IoT, and multichannel testing in all the categories:
The challenge areas probed are as follows:
It is difficult to accept that there can be increased challenges given that digital has matured since 2015. The possible reasons for increased challenges could be the sheer size and complexity of digital transformation.
Reduction in customer experience testing challenges
In 2016, there was a decline cited for all the challenge areas relating to customer experience testing, namely, the following ones:
Refer to the following graph:
Conclusion
Is QA transformation dependent on the existence of a central Testing Center of Excellence (TCOE)? With increased use of SMAC technologies, organizations started abandoning centralized TCOE model in 2015 in pursuit of agile delivery models and focused on customer experience and business assurance.
Do we conclude that we witness that quality is ignored in digital transformation initiatives? Otherwise, do we conclude that quality is so embedded in digital transformations that there is a less specific need for quality? Given the evidence of increased challenges cited in 2016 in mobile, IoT, and multichannel applications, we will say there indeed is a decline in quality. The organizations will soon realize the need for focus on quality or pay the price.
For an in-depth look at the key trends in testing and QA, download the World Quality Report 2016 from http://ow.ly/PvMd304ynId.
Chapter 2. Future of Testing Engagement Models – Are Predictions of Increased QA Spends Justified?
In this chapter, we will discuss the future of testing engagement models in light of current developments in digital space and increased adoption of Agile/DevOps models.
Would Dev-Ops shrink the amount of testing that is done in current world? If so, what would be the impact? As per WQR2016 findings, testing spend would increase up to 40% by organizations. How does this increased spend prediction align to the fact that more engagements would follow decentralized QA in Agile/DevOps life cycle?
How is QA effort spread
Let's discuss the following topics:
Split of QA effort between development and production support
Share of QA spend in new development projects (as against enhancements/maintenance projects) has grown from 2012-13 to 2013-14 to 2014-15, from 41% to 46% to 52% respectively.
In 2015-16, the QA spend was split 50:50 between new development and production support.
In 2014-15, for the first time, the QA spend for Development exceeded the QA spend for production support. This is in line with more development projects with organizations undertaking more digital transformation related development work. Refer to the following graph:
Increased QA efforts for new development – point of view
It is evident that when QA is done for new code (as against QA for maintaining/enhancing the existing code), QA effort will be higher.
Organizations are practicing Agile/DevOps to achieve cycle time reduction (faster time to production or achieving time to market objective to gain competitive advantage) and not necessarily with a QA cost reduction objective. If code is released more often and tested in shorter cycles, one will achieve the objective of cycle time, and not necessarily cost reduction.
Continuous integration and continuous deployment are practiced. One can't integrate or deploy less-tested faulty code, so continuous testing means more iterations of testing.
The testers are carrying out executions up until production deployment and in live environment aligning to extreme right. Analysts, such as Forrester and Gartner, recommend not only shift-left to test early in life cycle, but also shift-right to extend tester involvement till deployment.
Increase of QA effort in the design phase
2014-15 WQR report highlighted an increased involvement of QA in high-level design phase to 14% (as against 6% in the previous year).
What is being achieved by QA involvement in the design phase?
Increased QA effort in the design phase – point of view
Shift-left practices are being leveraged to have testers contribute their domain expertise in the design phase.
In line with the trend of continuous testing to support continuous integration and deployment, there is increased automation in silo phases of test design and development (to match the software design phase).
With automated tools supporting test models and test script generation, and their integration with automated test execution, reporting and deployment tools have further pushed the shift left practice to the requirement phase.
