The Architect in Practice E-Book

David Chappell

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1085

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Throughout its many editions, The Architect in Practice has remained a leading textbook used in the education of architects. While the content of the book has developed, the message and philosophy has remained constant: to provide students of architecture and young practitioners with a readable guide to the profession, outlining an architect's duties to their client and contractor, the key aspects of running a building contract, and the essentials of management, finance and drawing office procedure.

The eleventh edition follows in that tradition. The text has been brought up to date to ensure it follows the new RIBA Plan of Work 2013 as the guide to the architect’s workflow. In addition, a number of changes to standard forms of contract were made with the publication of the JCT 2011 suite of contracts, and the RIBA Standard Form for the Appointment of an Architect 2010 (2012 Revision). These new forms are fully covered. In addition, the opportunity has been taken to reorganise the layout so that the content flows in a way that is more consistent with current architectural practice, and to deal with the increasing use of BIM. The eleventh edition of The Architect in Practice continues to provide the guidance and advice all students and practising architects need in the course of their studies and in their profession.

Leseprobe

The Architect in Practice

Eleventh Edition

David Chappell

Michael Dunn

This edition first published 2016 © 2016 by David Chappell and Michael Dunn © 2010 and 2005 by David Chappell and Andrew Willis

Registered officeJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.

Editorial offices9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom. The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty:While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Chappell, David (David M.)     The architect in practice / David Chappell, Michael Dunn. - Eleventh edition.         pages cm     Includes bibliographical references and index.     ISBN 978-1-118-90773-3 (pbk.)   1. Architectural practice-United States. I. Dunn, Michael (Michael H.) II. Title.     NA1996.C47 2015     720.92-dc23

2015016360

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: Nadla/istockphoto

The Inspiration

From a pseudonymous letter of a quantity surveyor to the Builder, 9 March 1951

‘I have great admiration for an architectwho does his job well, because he has one of the most difficult jobs in the world. He must be an artist but at the same time in his administration of a building contract be a business man, and in interpreting it even something of a lawyer.’

The Dedication

To Arthur Willis, Christopher Willis and Bruce George and To the architectural profession in the hope that the book may encourage that co-operation of which its joint authorship is a symbol.

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Part 1 Practice

A THE PRACTITIONER

1 The Construction Industry

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Significance of the construction industry

1.3 A changing industry

1.4 Clients

1.5 Contractors

1.6 Consultants

1.7 Clerk of works

1.8 Construction industry bodies

References and notes

2 Academic and Professional Qualifications

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Relevant bodies

2.3 Architectural education and training

2.4 Examination of professional practice

2.5 Approval of educational programmes

2.6 Practising in the United Kingdom

2.7 Practising in Ireland

2.8 Practising in Egypt, Nigeria and Malaysia

2.9 Maintenance of standards, regulation and codes of conduct

2.10 ARB's standards of professional conduct and practice

2.11 RIBA code of professional conduct

2.12 The RIAI code of conduct

2.13 Continuing professional development

References and notes

3 Employment Opportunities

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Private practice

3.3 Local authority

3.4 Other public sector organisations

3.5 Large companies

3.6 Contractors

3.7 Manufacturers

3.8 Academia

3.9 Other specialisation

3.10 Adjudicator, arbitrator or expert witness

References and notes

4 Employment

4.1 Finding employment

4.2 Acceptable job titles

4.3 Employment

4.4 Job description

4.5 Hours of work

4.6 Overtime

4.7 Salary

4.8 Benefits

4.9 Professional activities

4.10 Expenses

4.11 Leave

4.12 Disciplinary and grievance procedure

4.13 Notice and dismissal

4.14 Spare time practice

4.15 Monitoring of telephone calls and e-mails

4.16 Discrimination

References and notes

5 Types of Practice

5.1 Sole principal

5.2 Partnerships

5.3 Incorporation

5.4 Co-operative

5.5 Group practice

5.6 Developer/architect/contractor

References and notes

6 Setting Up in Practice

6.1 Sole principal

6.2 The decision

6.3 Timing

6.4 Practical points to decide

6.5 Business plan

6.6 Enlarging the practice

References and notes

B PRACTICE MANAGEMENT

7 Management Principles

7.1 Objectives

7.2 Leadership

7.3 Communication

7.4 Delegation

7.5 Motivation

References and notes

8 General Office Practice

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Telephone, facsimile (fax) and e-mail

8.3 Information technology

8.4 Letter writing

8.5 Reports

8.6 Filing

8.7 Office-based meetings

8.8 Drawing office practice

8.9 Computer-aided design

8.10 Presentation

8.11 Reproduction

8.12 Work programming

8.13 Sources of information

References and notes

9 Marketing

9.1 Active marketing

9.2 Brochure

9.3 Website

9.4 Social media

9.5 Advertising

9.6 Contacts

9.7 Competitions

9.8 Frameworks

9.9 Retaining clients and recommendations

References and notes

10 Insurance

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Premises and contents

10.3 Public liability

10.4 Employer's liability

10.5 Professional indemnity

10.6 Latent defects insurance

10.7 Other insurances

References and notes

11 Finance and Accounts

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Accounts

11.3 Profit and loss account

11.4 Balance sheet

11.5 Assets

11.6 Liabilities

11.7 Capital

11.8 Cash-flow forecasting and budgeting

11.9 Books of account

11.10 Fee invoicing

11.11 Value added tax (VAT)

11.12 Computerisation

11.13 Annual accounts/auditing

11.14 Staff time records

References and notes

Part 2 Running a Project

12 The RIBA Plan of Work 2013

12.1 Sequential framework and Plan of Work

12.2 The Plan of Work explained

12.3 Building Information Modelling (BIM)

12.4 BIM overlay to the Plan of Work

12.5 Green principles

12.6 Green overlay to the Plan of Work

12.7 New words and phrases

References and notes

13 Stage 0: Strategic Definition – Appointment

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Scope of services

13.3 Determination of the fee

13.4 Terms of appointment

13.5 Consultants

13.6 Project managers

References and notes

14 Stage 0: Strategic Definition – Terms

14.1 Standard forms of agreement

14.2 Standard Agreement 2010 (2012 revision): Architect

14.3 Duty of care agreements (collateral warranties)

References and notes

15 Stage 1: Preparation and Brief

15.1 Feasibility studies

15.2 Site and building acquisition

15.3 Surveys

15.4 The brief

15.5 Reporting

References and notes

16 Stage 2: Concept Design

16.1 Design data

16.2 Concept design and its development

16.3 Cost estimates and planning

16.4 Procurement paths and implications for the professional

16.5 Contract selection and implications

16.6 Guaranteed maximum price

16.7 PFI Contracts

16.8 Partnering

References and notes

17 Stage 3: Developed Design

17.1 General

17.2 Planning applications and approvals

17.3 Other approvals

17.4 Property

References and notes

18 Stage 4: Technical Design

18.1 Technical design

18.2 Production information

18.3 Building regulations 2010 (as amended)

References and notes

19 Stage 4: Technical Design: Tender Documentation and Tender Action

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Co-ordinated project information

19.3 Bills of quantities

19.4 Specifications

19.5 Schedules of work

19.6 Activity schedules

19.7 Tendering

19.8 Preparing the contract documents

References and notes

20 Stage 5: Construction

20.1 Contractor's programme

20.2 Meetings

20.3 Site inspections

20.4 Safety

20.5 Architect's instructions and variations

20.6 Variations and their valuation

20.7 Controlling costs

20.8 Workmanship and materials

20.9 Certificates and payments

20.10 Delays and extensions of time

20.11 Financial claims

20.12 Termination

References and notes

21 Stage 6: Handover and Close Out

21.1 Practical completion

21.2 Rectification period

21.3 Adjustment of contract sum

21.4 Final certificate

References and notes

22 Stage 7: In Use

22.1 Review of project

22.2 Architect's review

22.3 Client review

22.4 Review of building in use

References and notes

Table of Cases

Index

EULA

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2

Fig. 2.1

Membership of the RIBA.

Fig. 2.2

Routes to registration/RIAI membership.

Chapter 4

Fig. 4.1

Self-appraisal.

Fig. 4.2

Checklist of points to clarify at interview (note that it is not possible to be specific because of the wide range of posts for which an architect might apply).

Fig. 4.3

Grading table for architectural staff (Courtesy of RIBA Publishing).

Chapter 5

Fig. 5.1

Buying a share of the goodwill.

Chapter 8

Fig. 8.1

Setting out plan.

Fig. 8.2

A specimen project history sheet.

Fig. 8.3

 Court hierarchy.

Chapter 11

Fig. 11.1

Example of profit and loss account.

Fig. 11.2

Example balance sheet.

Fig. 11.3

Example cash book summary.

Fig. 11.4

Example cash-flow forecast.

Fig. 11.5

Sample timesheet.

Chapter 12

Fig. 12.1

The 2007 RIBA Plan of Work (title of stages only). Courtesy of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

Fig. 12.2

The 2013 RIBA Plan of Work (title of stages only). Courtesy of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

Chapter 16

Fig. 16.1

Traditional contract.

Fig. 16.2

Project management type 1.

Fig. 16.3

Project management type 2.

Fig. 16.4

Design and build.

Fig. 16.5

Design and manage.

Fig. 16.6

Management contracting.

Fig. 16.7

Construction management.

Fig. 16.8

Standard forms of building contract.

Fig. 16.9

Selection flowchart.

Chapter 18

Fig. 18.1

Stage 4: Flow of information.

Fig. 18.2

Example of an initial notice.

Chapter 19

Fig. 19.1

Letter to contractor: invitation to tender (assumes bills of quantities used).

Fig. 19.2

Form of tender.

Chapter 20

Fig. 20.1

Example of a pre-start meeting agenda.

Fig. 20.2

RIBA Architect's Instruction. Reproduced by kind permission of RIBA and RIBA Publishing.

Fig. 20.3

Financial statement.

Fig. 20.4

Standard valuation form. Courtesy of The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

Fig. 20.5

Statement of retention values. Courtesy of The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

Fig. 20.6

Interim certificate. Reproduced by kind permission of RIBA and RIBA Publishing.

Fig. 21.1

RIBA certificate of practical completion. Reproduced by kind permission of RIBA and RIBA Publishing.

Chapter 21

Fig. 21.2

Adjustment of the contract sum under SBC.

Fig. 21.3

Example statement of final account to client.

Fig. 21.4

RIBA final certificate. Reproduced by kind permission of RIBA and RIBA Publishing.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Pages

xiii

xiv

xv

xvii

xix

xx

xxi

xxii

xxiii

xxiv

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

195

197

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

429

430

431

432

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

Preface

It is often said that architects are poor at business. We suspect that, if true, it is because they enjoy what they do so much. It is not unusual to find architects continuing to work in order to see their buildings constructed long after disputes about fees and other things would have persuaded other professionals to walk away. Architecture is undoubtedly one of the professions that can be enjoyed. It offers a wealth of interest in a variety of fields which few other professions can match, and provides an emotional satisfaction which only the other arts can stimulate. In order to derive the fullest pleasure from it architects must devote themselves completely to its study and practice. The more proficient they become and the greater mastery they can acquire the more complete will be their enjoyment.

Ability to design and skill in draftsmanship or in using computer-aided design equipment will not alone make an architect. Architects should bring the same skill to all sides of their profession, whether it is the initial building survey, feasibility studies, concept design, production information or the giving of professional advice and undertaking the administration of the construction contract. In common with other professions architects owe a duty of care to their clients but they have a greater responsibility than most in that the buildings and environments that they create affect the population at large.

The purpose of this book is to present to architectural students, and perhaps the less experienced practitioners, some indication of the practice and procedure with which they must be acquainted if they are to follow their profession with success. They must find clients to employ them, they must be able to manage an office and be responsible for a good deal of administrative work in connection with construction contracts, and they must know something of finance, law, the general structure of the construction industry and the organisation and requirements of those authorities who exercise so much control over their day-to-day work. Let the readers, therefore, move away from their CAD equipment, lay aside their thick felt pens and settle down to their desk or armchair to study an aspect of their work which is essential to make them efficient architects.

The architect’s work is here looked at mainly from the angle of the private practitioner dealing with the JCT forms of contract, though references are made where appropriate to public service practice and to other forms of contract. Architects in private practice are often commissioned to act for public authorities and they must therefore be able to adapt to the differing conditions which this type of work involves.

Since the last edition, some re-ordering and re-structuring of the contents has taken place. The chapters have been arranged in the sequence which looks at what needs to be in place so that an architect can run a business. Part 1A opens with an introduction to the construction industry and is followed by details of entry to the profession and its regulation. This part deals with employment opportunities, advice on employment and hints for those wishing to set up in practice. Part 1B looks at some basic principles of managing and working in a practice including marketing, insurance and accounts. Part 2 ends the book with the running of a project, the chapters being based around the work stages of the RIBA Plan of Work which has again been revised since the last edition. Each chapter ends with notes and law case citations together with a selected bibliography.

The Architect in Practice was first published over 60 years ago in 1952. It was written by two men, one a quantity surveyor and one an architect, both of whom had a flair for writing and who, after working together for some years, came to the conclusion that a textbook on architectural practice was needed. During that time, through ten editions, it has remained a leading textbook used in the education of architects worldwide. This is the first edition which does not have as Quantity Surveyor author a member of the Willis family. The mantle was passed down through three generations and we are grateful to Andrew Willis who has taken that role for the last three editions.

The format of the book was radically changed for the seventh edition in order to make it more accessible to the casual reader. That revised format was well received. The structure of this latest edition has been significantly revised and will hopefully present the reader with a logical layout. As with the previous revisions though the format has changed, the message and philosophy remains the same: here is a book which tries to present to the reader some of the elementary duties that architects owe to their clients and contractors alike, and to endorse the adage that of the many responsibilities borne by an architect, the greatest is the duty of care.

Architectural practice is now much more complex than was the case 60 years ago. There is now a multitude of forms of building contract to choose from, which would take a lifetime to read. It is not possible to write in any detail on such a wide subject: it warrants a set of textbooks on its own. The most helpful thing that we can do is to point the reader to relevant sources for this and other allied subjects.

As usual, this edition has been brought up to date and our commentaries revised where we judged it appropriate to do so. This includes among other things: the need to address the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 both in terms of commentary and the structure to the book, updating our commentary on the RIBA Standard Form for the Appointment of an Architect 2010 (2012 Revision) and employment law and dealing with the impact of BIM. The Joint Contracts Tribunal has reissued all its contracts as a 2011 suite. The new contracts have been revised to comply with the amendments to the Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act (as amended) 1996 which place significant further responsibilities on an architect undertaking the role of contract administration. All references to JCT contracts in this book have been updated, where appropriate, to refer to the new contracts. We are pleased to know that this book is used in the Republic of Ireland, Egypt, Nigeria and Malaysia and in this edition, we have included reference to education, registration and other requirements in these countries.

Finally we hope that our efforts will assist future generations of architects in the way that Arthur Willis and Bruce George assisted our generations.

David Chappell Michael Dunn January 2015

Note

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 came into force on 6 April 2015. This was too late to make any significant amendments to the manuscript which was with the publishers at the time. However, where appropriate and where possible, minor amendments have been made to the manuscript to identify the introduction of this change and through the use of endnotes the reader has been directed to further appropriate reading. Unfortunately, the new Regulations have replaced the role of CDM Co-ordinator with that of Principal Designer. This may well lead to some confusion between the roles of Lead Designer and Principal Designer.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Allan Ashworth, MSc, MRICS, and Keith Hogg, BSc, MRICS, for their agreement to the use in this book parts of the text of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor. We are also grateful to the following for particular assistance as indicated:

Richard Cobb, BA Econ (Hons), DipTP, MRTPI, Chartered Town Planner, for continuing to contribute Planning Legislation and Practice in Chapter 17. It has been substantially revised for this edition.

Kevin Blunden, C.Build E FCABE, CEnv, FCMI, EurBE, MWOBO, FACC, Deputy Chief Executive (Technical), Chartered Association of Building Engineers, for updating the Building Regulations in Chapter 18.

Jane Dobson, MA (Hons) Landscape Architecture, Chartered Member of the Landscape Institute, for updating her contribution about landscape architecture.

Lawrence JG Johnston, BSc, MSc, MCIArb, RIBA, for continuing to contribute the whole of Chapter 2.

The Commonwealth Association of Architects, the Union of International Architects and the Association of Consultant Architects for the provision of information in connection with Chapter 2.

Gale and Snowden Architects of Exeter and Bideford for assistance with Chapter 8 and for the setting out plan in Figure 8.1.

The ARB Standards of Conduct and Practice, Education, routes to admission, CPD information, Prescription Procedures and membership statistics, copyright Architects Registration Board, are reproduced by kind permission of the ARB.

The RIAI Accreditation information, registration, CPD and the summary of the role of the RIAI are reproduced by kind permission of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland.

Extracts from the RIBA Code of Conduct, RIBA membership statistics, RIBA Services, validation procedures, CPD requirements and extracts from the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 Overview, copyright Royal Institute of British Architects, are reproduced here by kind permission of the RIBA.

The RIBA Contract Administration Forms are reproduced by kind permission of the copyright owners, the RIBA and by the publishers, RIBA Publishing. Copies of the forms are available from RIBA Bookshops at www.ribabookshops.com

The RICS ‘Valuation’ and ‘Statement of Retention Values’ forms, reproduced on pages 430 and 435 can be purchased from RICS at www.ricsbooks.com

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AA CPE

Architectural Association School of Architecture (London) Certificate of Professional Experience

ABE

Association of Building Engineers

AC

Appeal case

ACA

Association of Consultant Architects

ACA 3

ACA Form of Building Agreement 1998 (1999 revision)

ACA SFA

The Association of Consultant Architects Standard Form of Agreement for the Appointment of an Architect 2012

ACEu

Architects Council of Europe

ACAS

Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service

ACE

Association for Consultancy and Engineering

All ER

All England Law Reports

APEAS

Architects Professional Examination in Scotland (Edinburgh)

APM

Association for Project Management

APSAA

Association of Professional Studies Advisors in Architecture

ARB

Architects Registration Board

ARCON

Architects Registration Council of Nigeria

ARCUK

Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom

BAE

Board of Architectural Education

BBA

British Board of Agrément

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BCIS

Building Cost Information Service

BEC

Building Employers Confederation

BIM

Building Information Modelling

BLR

Building Law Reports

BPF

British Property Federation

BPIC

Building Project Information Committee

BRE

Building Research Establishment

BREEAM

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology

BSI

British Standards Institute

BSRIA

Building Services Research and Information Association

BUILD

Building Users’ Insurance Against Latent Defects

CAA

Commonwealth Association of Architects

CABE

Chartered Association of Building Engineers

CAD

Computer-aided design

CATS

Credit Award Transfer System

CAWS

Common Arrangement of Work Sections

CBC

RIBA Concise Building Contract 2014

CBI

Confederation of British Industry

CC

Construction Confederation

CCG

Construction Client’s Group

CCPI

Co-ordinating Committee for Project Information

CD81

JCT Standard Form of Building Contract with Contractor’s Design 1981

CDMR

Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007

CDP Act

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

CE11

JCT Constructing Excellence Contract 2011 (note that the JCT abbreviate for this contract is CE but because this abbreviation is used for Conformité Européenne the abbreviation CE 11 has been adopted in this book)

CE

Conformité Européenne

CE/P

JCT Constructing Excellence Project Team Agreement 2011

CE/95

RIBA Conditions of Engagement for the Appointment of an Architect 1995

CESMM

Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement

ClArb

Chartered Institute of Arbitrators

CIB

Construction Industry Board

CIBSE

Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

CIC

Construction Industry Council

CIJC

Construction Industry Joint Council

CIOB

Chartered Institute of Building

CIMAR

Construction Industry Model Arbitration Rules

CI/SfB

Construction Information/Samarbetskommitten for Byggnadsfragor

CIL

Community Infrastructure Levy

CILL

Construction Industry Law Letter

CIRIA

Construction Industry Research and Information Association

CITB

Construction Industry Training Board

CLD

Construction Law Digest

CLG

Communities and Local Government

ConLR

Construction Law Reports

ConstLJ

Construction Law Journal

CM/A

JCT Construction Management Appointment 2011

CM/TC

JCT Construction Management Trade Contract 2011

CPA

Construction Products Association

CPD

Continuing professional development

CPI

Co-ordinated project information

CPIC

Construction Project Information Committee

CV

Curriculum vitae

DB

JCT Design and Build Contract 2011

DBC

RIBA Domestic Building Contract 2014

DCLG

Department of Communities and Local Government

DCMS

Department of Culture, Media and Sport

DEFRA

Departments of Transport, the Environment, Farming and Rural Affairs

DOE

Department of the Environment

DWP

Department for Work and Pensions

ECC

NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract

ECLG

Environment Community and Local Government

ECTS

European Credit Transfer System

EH

English Heritage

EMR

Electromagnetic Radiation

ENACA

European Network of Architectural Competent Authorities

EPC

Energy Performance Certificate

EPIC

Electronic Product Information Co-operation

EU

European Union

FA

JCT Framework Agreement 2011

GMP

Guaranteed Maximum Price

GN

Guidance Notes

GDPO

The Town and Country Planning (General Development Procedure) Order 1995, with later amendments

GPDO

The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995, with many later amendments

HE

Historic England

HO/C

Building contract for a home owner/occupier who has appointed a consultant to oversee the work 2005

HO/CA

Consultancy agreement for a home owner/occupier appointing a consultant in relation to building work 2005

HO/B

Building contract for a home owner/occupier who has not appointed a consultant to oversee the work 2005

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

IC

JCT Intermediate Building Contract 2011

ICSub/NAM/E

Intermediate Named Sub-Contractor/Employer Agreement

ICSub/NAM

Intermediate Named Sub-Contract Tender and Agreement

ICC

ACE and CECA Infrastructure Conditions of Contract (ICC) 2011

ICD

JCT Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design 2011

ICE

Institution of Civil Engineers

ICWCI

Institute of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate of Great Britain Inc

IES

Integrated Environmental Services

IEE

Institution of Electrical Engineers

IFC 84

JCT Intermediate Form of Building Contract 1984

IMechE

Institution of Mechanical Engineers

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

IStructE

Institution of Structural Engineers

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

JCT

Joint Contracts Tribunal Ltd

JCT 63

JCT Standard Form of Building Contract 1963

JCT 80

JCT Standard Form of Building Contract 1980

JCT 98

JCT Standard Form of Building Contract 1998

JV

Joint venture

KPI

Key performance indicators

LDD

Local Development Document

LDF

Local Development Framework

LDS

Local Development Scheme

LI

Landscape Institute

LLP

Limited Liability Partnership

LPA

Local Planning Authority

MC

JCT Management Building Contract 2011

MP

JCT Major Project Construction Contract 2011

MIPPS

Ministerial Interim Planning Policy Statement

MTAN

Minerals Technical Advice Note

MTC

JCT Measured Term Contract 2011

MW

JCT Minor Works Building Contract 2011

MWD

JCT Minor Works Building Contract with contractors design 2011

NBS

National Building Specification

NEC

New Engineering Contract

NJCC

National Joint Consultative Committee for Building

NPF

National Planning Framework

NPPF

National Planning Policy Framework

NPPG

National Planning Practice Guidance

NRM

New Rules of Measurement (RICS)

NSCC

National Specialist Contractors’ Council

NSIP

Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project

OS

Ordinance survey

PAM

Pertubhan Arkitek Malaysia

PAN

Planning Advisory Note

PAYE

Pay as you earn

PERT

Performance Evaluation and Review Technique

PCC

JCT Prime Cost Building Contract 2011

PCSA

JCT Pre-Construction Services Agreement 2011

PD

Permitted Development

PEDR

Professional Experience Development Record

PFI

Private Finance Initiative

PHPP

Passivhaus Planning Package

PI

Professional indemnity insurance

PINS

Planning Inspectorate

PPC 2000

ACA Standard Form of Contract for Project Partnering

PPG

Planning Policy Guidance

PPP

Public–Private Partnership

PPS

Planning Policy Statements

PSA

Property Services Agency

QQI

Quality and Qualifications Ireland

RIAI

Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland

RIAS

Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland

RIBA

Royal Institute of British Architects

RICS

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

RM

JCT Repair and Maintenance Contract 2011

RPB

Regional Planning Body

RSAW

Royal Society of Architects in Wales

RSS

Regional Spatial Strategy

RSUA

Royal Society of Ulster Architects

RTPI

Royal Town Planning Institute

SBC

JCT Standard Building Contract 2011

SBC/AQ

JCT Standard Building Contract With Approximate Quantities 2011

SBC/Q

JCT Standard Building Contract With Quantities 2011

SBC/XQ

JCT Standard Building Contract Without Quantities 2011

SEC

Specialist Engineering Contractors

SELECT

Electrical Contractors’ Association for Scotland

SFA/92

RIBA Standard form of Agreement for the appointment of an architect 1992

SFA/99

RIBA Standard form of Agreement for the appointment of an architect 1999

SMM

Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works

SNIPEF

Scottish & Northern Ireland Employer’s Federations

SoS

Secretary of State

SPC 2000

ACA Specialist Contract for Project Partnering

SPD

Supplementary Planning Document

SPG

Supplementary Planning Guidance

SPP

Scottish Planning Policy

SPV

Special Purpose Vehicle

SW/96

RIBA Conditions of Appointment for Small Works 1996

TAN

Technical Advice Note

TeCSA

Technology and Construction Solicitors Association

TPO

Tree Preservation Order

UCAS

Universities and Colleges Admissions Service

UCATT

Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians

UIA

International Union of Architects

UK

United Kingdom

UNICLASS

Unified Classification for the Construction Industry

UCO

Town and Country (Use Classes) Order 1987

VAT

Value added tax

VOIP

Voice Over Internet Protocol

WLR

Weekly Law Reports

Construction Act

Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 as amended by The Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009

Scheme

Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) 1998 (as amended by the Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998 (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2011)

NI Order

Northern Ireland the Construction Contracts (Northern Ireland) Order 1997 as amended by the Construction Contracts (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 2011

Part 1Practice

A THE PRACTITIONER

1The Construction Industry

1.1 Introduction