The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Pharmacology E-Book

Sukhdev Chatu

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Hands-on Guides
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 281

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Are you about to sit your pharmacology exams? Do you lack confidence in prescribing? Would it help to have a quick reference, pocket-sized reassurance on common drugs and the conditions that they are used in? The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Pharmacology is the perfect companion for students, doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other health care professionals who need help on the ward or are preparing for exams. It includes sections containing both treatment regimens of common conditions and detailed information on the relevant drugs that help you obtain a better understanding of therapeutic management. The benefits include: * A-Z of over 100 key drugs in a one-drug-per-page format * A systems-based approach * Fully indexed text * Clear explanations of drug mechanisms - a regular feature of pharmacology exams * Management guidelines for common conditions within each system * Brand new two-colour design to help with information retrieval * A new chapter on chemotherapy agents Take the stress out of clinical pharmacology with The Hands-on Guide!

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface to The Third Edition

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Cardiovascular System

Management Guidelines

Drug Types

Drugs

Chapter 2: Respiratory System

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 3: Gastrointestinal System

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 4: Neurological System

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 5: Psychiatry

Management Guidelines

Drugs types

Drugs

Chapter 6: Musculoskeletal System

Management Guidelines

Drug Types

Drugs

Chapter 7: Diabetes and Endocrine System

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 8: Dermatology

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 9: Pain Management

Management Guidelines

Drug Types

Drugs

Chapter 10: Infection

Management Guidelines

Types of Antibiotics

Drugs

Chapter 11: Immunization

Management Guidelines

Vaccines

Chapter 12: Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Management Guidelines

Drugs

Chapter 13: Anaesthesia

General Anaesthesia

Regional (Local) Anaesthesia

Drugs

Chapter 14: Poisoning and Overdose

Management Guidelines

Chapter 15: Cancer Therapy

Management Guidelines

Index

This edition first published 2010 © 2010 by S Chatu Previous editions: 2000, 2005

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The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check that any product mentioned in this publication is used in accordance with the prescribing information prepared by the manufacturers. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Chatu, Sukhdev. The Hands-on guide to clinical pharmacology / Sukhdev Chatu. – 3rd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Hands-on guide to clinical pharmacology / Christopher Tofield, Alexander Milson, Sukhdev Chatu. 2nd ed. 2005. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9195-1 (pbk.) 1. Clinical pharmacology–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Tofield, Christopher. Hands-on guide to clinical pharmacology. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Drug Therapy–methods–Handbooks. 2. Pharmacology, Clinical–methods–Handbooks. QV 39 C495h 2010] RM301.28.C48 2010 615′.1–dc22 2010005589

ISBN: 9781405191951

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Preface to The Third Edition

Clinical pharmacology is relevant to most aspects of medicine and a basic knowledge of it is essential for those healthcare professionals involved in the clinical management of patients. With this in mind, it has become necessary to update the previous (second) edition in order to incorporate evolvements in this field.

The first edition of Hands-on Guide to Clinical Pharmacology was written by Alexander Milson, Christopher Tofield and me while we were still medical students (at St Bartholomew's & The Royal London Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry). At that time, we were in need of a practical yet concise set of notes to revise clinical pharmacology. Hence, what started as a collated set of revision notes was soon expanded upon, structured and turned into the first edition.

Following the success of that original version, it soon became evident that an updated second edition was required and in demand. To the credit of all those involved in the making of that text, this success has continued to date. In this third edition, each chapter has been updated and the information expanded to include more drugs and management scenarios, as well as a new chapter on chemotherapy agents.

The purpose of this book has primarily been two-fold and remains unchanged. First, it is designed to serve as a revision aid for all students involved in the study of clinical pharmacology. Second, it is presented as a user-friendly rapid reference guide and should be of value to healthcare professionals such as medical students, doctors, pharmacists and nurses.

This book is a guide to those drugs that are most likely to be encountered on hospital wards or during a course of study. It also outlines the treatment regimens of common conditions. The most relevant and important interactions, adverse effects and contraindications have been selected. However, it is not intended as an exhaustive account of clinical pharmacology and doses have purposely been omitted. Further, more detailed information is best obtained from a local formulary (e.g. British National Formulary).

The aim for this book has always been accuracy while maintaining conciseness -- a feature that is much valued by students and busy professionals! Certainly, this book will help you to manage pharmacology in a clinical setting and, above all, take the stress out of related exams!

S. Chatu

Acknowledgements

First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the input of my co-authors from the first and second editions of this book, Alexander Milson and Christopher Tofield. Their contributions laid the foundation for this latest edition.

The three of us will always be grateful for the support we received, in getting the first edition off the ground, from Professor Nigel Benjamin and Professor Mark Caulfield while at St Bartholomew's & the Royal London Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry.

I am sincerely grateful to all those colleagues who took time out of their busy schedules to check all the material and for kindly offering me their expert suggestions.

For the opportunity to update this book to its third edition I must extend my thanks to Wiley-Blackwell and also to all the staff involved in its production.

Finally, I send my heartfelt thanks to all the readers who have always been vital to the success of this venture.

Sukhdev Chatu

Abbreviations

ABGArterial blood gasACEAngiotensin-converting enzymeADHAntidiuretic hormoneADPAdenosine diphosphateAFAtrial fibrillationALTAlanine transaminaseAPTTActivated partial thromboplastin timeARBAngiotensin-receptor blocker5-ASA5-aminosalicylic acidASTAspartate transaminaseATPAdenosine triphosphateAVAtrioventricularBCGBacillus Calmette–GuérinBMIBody mass indexBPBlood pressureBPHBenign prostatic hyperplasiaBMIBody mass indexcAMPCyclic adenosine monophosphateCABGCoronary artery bypass graftCBTCognitive behavioural therapyCCUCoronary care unitcGMPCyclic guanosine monophosphateCLLChronic lymphoid leukaemiaCMVCytomegalovirusCNSCentral nervous systemCOCCombined oral contraceptiveCOMTCatechyl-O-methyl transferaseCOPDChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOXCyclo-oxygenaseCPAPContinuous positive airways pressureCPRCardiopulmonary resuscitationCSFCerebrospinal fluidCTComputerized tomographyCTGCardiotocographyCVACerebrovascular accidentCXRChest X-rayD2Dopamine2DCDirect currentDDP-4Dipeptidyl peptidase-4DEXADual energy X-ray absorptiometryDMARDDisease-modifying antirheumatic drugDNADeoxyribonucleic acidDTDiphtheria, tetanusDTPDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussisDVTDeep vein thrombosisEBVEpstein–Barr virusECGElectrocardiogramECTElectroconvulsive therapyEPOErythropoietinFBCFull blood countFEV1Forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFSHFollicle-stimulating hormone5-FU5-fluorouracilGABAGamma-aminobutyric acidG-CSFGranulocyte-colony stimulating factorGIGastrointestinalGIPGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideGISTGastrointestinal stromal tumourGLP-1Glucagon-like peptide 1GPGeneral practitionerG6PDGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenaseGTNGlyceryl trinitrateHAARTHighly active antiretroviral therapyHACEKHaemophilus (H. parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, KingellakingaeHbHaemoglobinHbA1cHaemoglobin A1cHBsAgHepatitis B surface antigenHDLHigh-density lipoproteinHibHaemophilus influenzae type bH1Histamine1H2Histamine2HIVHuman immunodeficiency virusHMG-CoA3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme AHOCMHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathyHPVHuman papilloma virusHRTHormone replacement therapy5-HT5-hydroxytryptamineICDImplantable cardiac defibrillatorIgImmunoglobulinIHDIschaemic heart diseaseIMIntramuscularINRInternational normalized ratioISAIntrinsic sympathomimetic activityISDNIsosorbide dinitrateISMNIsosorbide mononitrateITUIntensive therapy unitIUCDIntrauterine contraceptive deviceIVIntravenousLABALong-acting beta agonistLDLLow-density lipoproteinLFTLiver function testLMWHLow-molecular-weight heparinLVLeft ventricularLVEFLeft ventricular ejection fractionLVFLeft ventricular failureMAbMonoclonal antibodyMAOMonoamine oxidaseMAOIMonoamine oxidase inhibitorMIMyocardial infarctionMMRMeasles, mumps, rubellaMRSAMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusNMDAN-methyl-D-aspartateMMSEMini Mental State ExaminationNRTNicotine replacement therapyNRTINucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorNRTKNon-receptor tyrosine kinaseNSAIDNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugPco2Partial pressure carbon dioxidePo2Partial pressure oxygenPCAPatient-controlled analgesiaPCIPercutaneous coronary interventionPDE5Phosphodiesterase type 5PEPulmonary embolismPEFRPeak expiratory flow ratePGE2Prostaglandin E2PIDPelvic inflammatory diseasePOPProgestogen-only pillPPARPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorPPIProton-pump inhibitorPTHParathyroid hormonePUVAPsoralen with ultraviolet APSVTParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaPVDPeripheral vascular diseaseRNARibonucleic acidRTKReceptor tyrosine kinaseSASinoatrialSCSubcutaneousSIADHSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormoneSLESystemic lupus erythematosusSSRISelective serotonin re-uptake inhibitorSTAT-CSpecifically targeted antiviral therapy for hepatitis CSVTSupraventricular tachycardiaT3TriiodothyronineT4ThyroxineTCATricyclic antidepressantTENSTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulationTIATransient ischaemic attackTIBCTotal iron-binding capacityTKITyrosine kinase inhibitorTNFTumour necrosis factortPATissue plasminogen activatorTPMTThiopurine methyltransferaseTSHThyroid-stimulating hormoneU&EsUrea and electrolytesUTIUrinary tract infectionUVBUltraviolet BV2Vasopressin2VFVentricular fibrillationVLDLVery low-density lipoproteinV/QVentilation/perfusionVREVancomycin-resistant enterococciVTVentricular tachycardiaWPWWolff–Parkinson–White

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Management guidelines (pp. 2–8)

Anaphylactic shock

Dysrhythmias

Bradycardia

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

Paroxysmal

Persistent

Permanent

Atrial flutter

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)-(narrow complex tachycardia)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

Ventricular tachycardia

Heart failure

Acute

Chronic

Hyperlipidaemia

Hypertension

Ischaemic heart disease

Stable angina

Acute coronary syndromes

Unstable angina

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI)

ST elevation MI

Post MI

Thromboembolism

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Pulmonary embolism

Drug types (pp. 9–11)

Beta blockers

Calcium-channel blockers

Diuretics

Drugs (pp. 12–40)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Adenosine, alpha1 blockers, amiodarone, amlodipine, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), aspirin, atenolol, atropine

Bendroflumethiazide, bezafibrate

Clopidogrel

Digoxin, diltiazem, dobutamine, dopamine

Epinephrine, ezetimibe

Furosemide

Heparin

Methyldopa

Nicorandil, nitrates (glyceryl trinitrate [GTN], isosorbide dinitrate

[ISDN], isosorbide mononitrate [ISMN])

Sildenafil, simvastatin, spironolactone

Tenecteplase

Verapamil

Warfarin

Management Guidelines

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

Give 0.5 mg (0.5 ml of 1:1000) epinephrine intramuscular (IM) (given intravenous [IV] if there is no central pulse or if severely unwell) if any compromise in airway (stridor, tongue swelling), breathing (low oxygen saturations, wheeze) or circulation (hypotensive, pale, clammy).