TMC E-Book

Andreas Hary

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 70

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Transcultural Medical Care An interactive primer for everyday life But also... An assessment of the structure and institutional conditions in the health sector as well as a self-reflection

Leseprobe

Table Of Contents

Transcultural Medical Care

Last but not least. Our thanks. Who we are. Bibliography und Sources Prologue

1.1 Forms of discrimination and differential treatment in society / hospital

1.2 The migrant-friendly department

1.3 A brief analysis of the patients structure

1.4 A brief analysis of the nursing staff

1.5 Ethics of the department with regard to minorities

1.6 Existing possibilities of the department

1.7 Criticism of the Danish Quality Model ( den danske kvalitetsmodel DDKM)

1.8 In-house (hospital) Translation Services

1.9 Diseases requiring ethnic and cultural competence

2.0 Intracultural Dictionary

2.1 Crosslinks to intercultural groups and for home care

2.2 Religion and everyday care. (Short system analysis of the department)

Islam

Orthodox Christianity

Judaism

Jewish Holidays and Health Care Practice

Jehovah's Witnesses

Christianity

2.3 What's so different in patients with an immigrant background?

2.4 What kind of knowledge has been acquired?

2.5 What issues do still concern you ?

2.6 How can you contribute to the issue of transcultural care or how you're going to become an "activist"?

Author information

Contact

Bibliography /photos

Copyright

Transcultural Medical Care 

An interactive primer for everyday life

But also...

An assessment of the structure and institutional conditions in the health sector as well as a self-reflection

Written by Andreas Hary

Translated by Orith Burla

Last but not least. Our thanks. Who we are. Bibliography und Sources Prologue

Can one make any money with this project many readers may wonder.

But the answer is no. We do not want to earn any money. All proceeds go to:

https://www.lischa-himalaya.org/

Any voluntary donation is hereby kindly welcome and we thank you in advance!

We feel spiritually wealthy and have already everything we need, like big cars, beautiful women and drinks in the best bars ............ We knew how to enjoy life!

Now you can proceed with the reading and we can assure you that you will have a lot of fun.

Introduction

Immigration started here in Danmark also in the mid 1960’s and challenged the Danish community since then in every life situation. Although the immigration led the Community to new economic and cultural values ​​at the same time it also led to new and unknown economic, cultural, political and social challenges not only between immigrants and Danes, but also between us Danes.  Another aspect is that migration also made you look differently at yourself. Therefore it is important that we pay attention in everyday life, and especially here at the hospital, to equality between people / patients and do not tolerate any kind of discrimination. A new wave of immigration and refugees reached Europe, especially in 2015 and we witnessed the same fears and prejudices. More refugees are to be expected -the curve goes sharply up- and more problems have to be solved in the future.

We authors think, that this new situation has to be seen and treated as challenges for a better future and not as an obsticle.

 Hence one very successful example of integration was the migration of Bosnian families in the 90‘s here to Danmark.

Some chapters always refer to "my department" [in hospital] as an example for the ideas in this fibula.

However, the contents of this primer are useful to any other medical care department world-wide.

It is therefore necessary to develop our ideas and have courage to embrace new ones. Soon an interactive website will be established, where one can actively participate in the discussions and enhance the contents of each chapter of this book. We are grateful for any suggestions and improvements. The appendix contains ​​the contact details of Orith and me, so please take up the chance to talk with us and exchange ideas about enabling a better future for us all. We are only human and not perfect, therefore we invite you already to laugh a little bit about our mistakes. We apologize for any mistakes in advance.

1.1 Forms of discrimination and differential treatment in society / hospital

Since Danmark signed the UN conventions for the abolition of any racial discrimination as well as the European conventions on human rights (ECHR) see here article 14 concerning non-discrimination and protects this same law, it is not necessary here to cite its definition. It should though be noted that the European Court in Strasbourg is watching over the implementation of the ECHR.

lov om forbud mod forskelbehandling pga.mv (Act of abolition of any racial discrimination, etc.)

strafloven §266 b (Penalty Act §266 )

lov om forbud mod forskelbehandling på arbejdsmarket (Employment Act)

lov om etnisk ligebehandling (the Act on Ethnic Equal Treatment)

This also means that each patient in our hospital has the right to receive the same treatment. This means that the company's philosophy in terms of patients / people with different cultural background is clearly defined and that means equal treatment in relation to:

sexual orientation

 Age

 disability

 national, social or ethical origin

Gender

Ethnic Origin

Color of Skin

Religion und Belief

Political View

Sexual  Orientation

Age

Disability

National, Social or ethnic origin

 A special mention (cultural groups) in a mission statement would be rather counterproductive in my opinion. Where, however, one would have to introduce or treat them depends on the safeguarding of the quality in the medical care institution..

One can even say that in order to achieve an equal treatment of patients and people in general one has to treat them differently sometimes, for example invest more time and costs for interpretation services.

All these definitions and explanations are rather part of a political framwork and so it may be useful to approach the issue of discrimination from the sociological and purely human aspect. Even the Danish society is not free from discrimination and we, the hospital-staff are only a mirror of it.

I would like to explain briefly a definition of the term discrimination by Flemming Mikkelsen, a sociologist and historian, which might help us in our daily routine at the hospital.

A distinction is made by:

direct diskrimination

indirect diskrimination

everyday life discrimination

institutional discrimination

structural discrimination

 as well as a 6th dimension, the "self-experienced discrimination" which we as hospital-staff probably witnessed most frequently and was described by the patients.This discrimination, which was experienced by the patients, relied heavily on hurt feelings and self-assessment of the experienced. I will not refer to this dimension in our context here.

The discrimination in daily life can be direct as well as indirect. The direct everyday life discrimination evolves when individuals consciously affect other individuals because of their color, religion, etc.

This form of discrimination is happening in public spaces e.g. on roads, in teams at work and in the public transportation. It can be verbally (shouts and insults) or nonverbal (Graffiti). Indirect discrimination is evident in, for example, attitudes or use of language, in which the other individual appears in a negative light.

The institutional discrimination can also be witnessed directly and indirectly, for instance direct institutional discrimination by political parties.

Indirect discrimination can e.g. be caused by stigmatization of ethnic minorities in the media or by governmental authorities, whose claims or conditions immigrants can not meet. Since I will be always overtaken by time (this fibula project was launched in 2012) we just now once again witness the new policy in our country and see what discrimination looks like. Thank you for the practical confirmation of the theory. A proposal should be mentioned to make a video about the new immigration policy and show it on the internet (according the Australian model) in order to prevent refugees to reach the country.

https://youtu.be/rT12WH4a92w

The structural discrimination arises in higher economic, political, cultural social structures. Here are no concrete actors meant but the superordinate structure is the focus.

Now, given this sociological knowledge, we should check our own hospital structure and ourselves as individuals and develop new concepts out of it. Since both Orith and I are not sociologists, we hereby refer to the bibliography of our colleagues in the annex who very much inspired our work.

Personally experienced discrimination (1)

Direct Discrimination             Indirect discrimination

Daily Life discrimination  e.g religion        e.g. usage of language

Institutional discrimination  e.g. by political parties         e.g. by the media

Structural discrimination   structure of society

1.2 The migrant-friendly department

Since I am myself a Health Care Specialist  with an immigrant background, it is my heart's desire to initiate a migrant-friendly department. It does not require necessarily a certain position, but should be a concern of any nurse or doctor. However, it should be useful to establish on each medical station a key position in terms of Transcultural Health Care.

Here are three suggestions:

 Key position in Transcultural Health Care

 Ethnic Patient Coordinator (see UK Odense)

 TMC- nurse/doctor

Furthermore, it is important to analyze the existing structure and to assess the following:

a. With which groups of patients are we currently working with and which are to expect in the future?