Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Region, and Retroperitoneal Space E-Book

Z. M. Seagal

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 230

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

The third medical atlas in this new series on the human body and filled with detailed pictures, this atlas details the topographical and pathotopographical anatomy of the chest, abdomen, lumbar region, and retroperitoneal space, a useful reference for medical professionals and students alike. Written by an experienced and well-respected physician and professor, this new volume, building on the previous volume, Ultrasonic Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy, and its sequel, Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck, also available from Wiley-Scrivener, presents the ultrasonic topographical and pathotopographical anatomy of the chest, abdomen, lumbar region, and retroperitoneal space, offering further detail into these important areas for use by medical professionals. This series of atlases of topographic and pathotopographic human anatomy is a fundamental and practically important series designed for doctors of all specializations and students of medical schools. Here you can find almost everything that is connected with the topographic and pathotopographic human anatomy, including original graphs of logical structures of topographic anatomy and development of congenital abnormalities, topography of different areas in layers, pathotopography, and computer and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of topographic and pathotopographic anatomy. Also you can find here new theoretical and practical sections of topographic anatomy developed by the author himself which are published for the first time. They are practically important for mastering the technique of operative interventions and denying the possibility of iatrogenic complications during operations. This important new volume will be valuable to physicians, junior physicians, medical residents, lecturers in medicine, and medical students alike, either as a textbook or as a reference. It is a must-have for any physician's library.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

Part 1: The Chest

Topographic Anatomy of the Chest

Chest Cavity Organs Projection and Layers of Chest

Surgical Anatomy of Thoracic Wall Congenital Malformation

Thoracic Cavity

Mediastinum Topography (Figures 17, 18, 19)

Part 2: Abdomen

Topographic Anatomy of Anterolateral Abdomen Wall

Abdominal Region Topography

Abdominal Cavity Organs (Figures 45, 46)

Part 3: Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space

Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space

Part 4: Pathotography Chest

Abdominal Cavity

Retroperitoneal Space

About the Author

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Copyright

Contents

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Part 1

Figure 1

Transverse section of the chest. Diaphragm.

Figure 2

Lung segments.Lobus superior: 1 – seg. apicale; 2 – seg. posterius; 3 – seg. anterius. Lobus medius: 4 – seg. laterale (правого легкого) et seg. lingulare superius (left lung); 5 – seg. mediale (right lung) et seg. lingulare inferius (left lung). Lobus inferior: 6 – seg. apicale; 7 – seg. basale anterius; 8 – seg. basale laterale; 9 – seg. basale posterius

Figure 3

Thymus gland and its connection with the thyroid gland.

Figure 4

Differences in the shape and number of thymus glands.a – two lobes, b – three lobes, c – four lobes.

Figure 5

Topography of blood vessels, heart, right lung.1 – larynx; 2 – gl. thyroidea; 3 – arcus aortae; 4 – truncus arteriosus; 5 – truncus pulmonalis; 6 – auricula sinistra; 7 – ventriculus sinister; 8 – apex cordis; 9 – ventriculus dexter; 10 – atrium dextrum; 11 – pulmo dextrum; 12 – v. cava superior; 13 – v. subclavia dextra; 14 – v. jugularis interna; 15 – a. carotis communis dextra.

Figure 6

The relationship of the trachea, esophagus and aorta. Topography of the aorta.

Figure 7

Layers of the front upper region of the sternum.

1 – clavicula; 2 – m. subclavicularis; 3 – v. subclavia; 4 – paniculus subdermalis; 5 – fascia superficialis; 6 – fascia propria; 7 – m. pectoralis major; 8 – spatium subpectorale superficialis; 9 – fascia coracoclaidocostalis; 10 – m. pectoralis minor; 11 – spatium subpectorale profundum; 12 – mm. intercostales

Figure 8

Vessels and nerves of the chest wall.1 – n. vagus; 2 – vv. pulmonales; 3 – a. pulmonalis; 4 – cor; 5 – aorta; 6 – mm. intercostalis internii; 7 – a. intercostalis posterior et n. intercostalis

Figure 9

Vessels and nerves of the chest wall.1 – n. vagus sinistra; 2 – vv. pulmonales; 3 – a. pulmonalis; 4 – cor; 5 – aorta; 6 – mm. intercostales; 7 – fasciculus vasus intercostalis

Figure 10

Intercostal space.1 – costa; 2 – paniculus prepleuralis; 3 – fascia intercostalis; 4 – pleura parietalis; 5 – cavitas pleuralis; 6 – pleura visceralis; 7 – pulmo; 8 – v., a., n. intercostalis; 9 – m. intercostalis externus; 10 – m. intercostalis internus; 11 – m. pectoralis major; 12 – fascia sternalis; 13 – paniculus subdermalis; 14 – derma.

Figure 11

Mammary gland.1 – sinus lactiferus; 2 – lobi gl. mammariae; 3 – ductus lactiferous; 4 – papilla; 5 – fatty tissue and interlobular connective tissue; 6 – cellular tissue between the superficial and own fascia; 7 – fascia pectoralis propria; 8 – m. pectoralis major; 9 – intercostal spaces; 10 – fascia intrathoracica; 11 – costa; 12 – fascia superficialis; 13 – pleura; 14 – pulmo.

Figure 12

MRI and CT of the breast.1 – milky sinus; 2 – lobules of the gland; 3 – milk ducts; 4 – thoracic nipple; 5 – thoracic fascia

Figure 13

Diaphragm.1 – sternum; 2 – pleura parietalis; 3 – mm. intercostales; 4 – aorta; 5 – corpus vertebrae; 6 – pars phrenicocostalis; 7 – centrum tendineum; 8 – pericardium; 9 – oesophagus; 10 – recessus costomediastinalis; 11 – v. cava inferior; 12 – costa.

Figure 14

Diaphragm. Vessels.1 – pars sternalis; 2 – v. phrenica inferior sinistra; 3 – pars costalis; 4 – r. anterior a. phrenica inferior sinistra; 5 – esophagus; 6 – a. phrenica inferior sinistra; 7 – aorta; 8 – r. lumbalis v. phrenica inferior sinistra; 9 – v. hemiazygos; 10 – trigonum lumbocostale; 11 – mm. psoas major et minor; 12 – v. azygos; 13 – truncus thoracicus; 14 – a. phrenica inferior dexera; 15 – rr. posteriors aa. phrenica inferior 16 – v. phrenica inferior dextra; 17 – v. cava inferior; 18 – centrum centrum tendineum; 19 – trigonum sternocostale

Figure 15

Right lung.1 – impressio oesophagialis; 2 – impressio v. azygos; 3 – lig. pulmonalis; 4 – facies diaphragmatica; 5 – sulcus interlobares; 6 – fossa cardiaca; 7 – v. pulmonalis superior; 8 – impressio superior; 9 – a. pulmonalis; 10 – bronchus; 11 – impressio a. subclavia; 12 – v. pulmonalis inferior

Figure 16

Left lung.1 – impressio parties aortae descendens; 2 – v. pulmonalis inferior; 3 – lig. pulmonalis; 5 – sulcus interlobares; 6 – fossa cardiaca; 7 – v. pulmonalis superior; 8 – impressio a. communis; 9 – a. pulmonalis; 10 – bronchus sinister; 11 – impressio a. subclavia; 12 – impressio arcus aortae

Figure 17

Posterior mediastinum, left view.1 – n. splanchnicus major; 2 – n. splanchnicus minor; 3 – n. vagus; 4 – phrenic nerve and accompanying vessels; 5 – n. recurrens; 6 – a. pulmonalis; 7 – bronchus sinister; 8 – vv. pulmonales; 9 – diaphragma; 10 – pericardium; 11 – sympathetic branch to the intercostal nerves; 12 – a. subclavicularis; 13 – arcus aortae; 14 – v. hemiazigos; 15 – truncus simpaticus

Figure 18

Posterior mediastinum, right view.1 – truncus simpaticus; 2 – vv. et vases intercostales; 3 – n. vagus; 4 – a. pulmonalis; 5 – n. splanchnicus major; 6 – v. azygos; 7 – diaphragma; 8 – bronchus dexter; 9 – oesophagus; 10 – trachea; 11 – n. diaphragmaticus; 12 – v. cava superior; 13 – vv. pulmonales; 14 – nodi lymphatici.

Figure 19

Transverse section of the breast.1 – arcus aorte; 2 – v. cava superior; 3 – trachea; 4 – oesophagus; 5 – truncus simpaticus; 6 – pulmo dexter; 7 – pulmo sinister; 8 – vertebra; 9 – medulla spinalis; 10 – sternum; 11 – paniculus mediastini anterius; 12 – pleura.

Figure 20

Organs of anterior mediastinum and neck.1 – larynx; 2 – gl. thyroidea; 3 – trachea; 4 – a. carotis communis; 5 – v. jugularis interna; 6 – lobus sinister thymi; 7 – pulmo; 8 – diaphragma; 9 – pericardium; 10 – lobus dexter thymi; 11 – a. thoracica interna; 12 – clavicula.

Figure 21

Syntopia of the chest cavityorgans and neck.1 – n. laryngeus reccurens; 2 – esophagus; 3 – thymus; 4 – lobus superior pulmonis sinistri; 5 – lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri; 6 – cor; 7 – lobus inferior pulmonis dexter; 8 – lobus medius pulmonis dextri; 9 – lobus superior pulmonis dextri; 10 – trachea; 11 – gl. thyroidea; 12 – larynx

Figure 22

Infant’s pericardium.1 – aorta; 2 – ductus arteriosum; 3 – a. pulmonalis sinister; 4 – основание сумки перикарда перед венами; 5 – основание сумки перикарда за венами; 6 – vv. pulmonales sinistrae; 7 – atrium sinistrum; 8 – ventriculus sinister; 9 – sinus obliqus pericardii; 10 – v. cava inferior; 11 – atrium dextrum; 12 – vv. pulmonales dextrum; 13 – v. cava superior; 14 – sinus transversus pericardii; 15 – a. pulmonalis dextra.

Figure 23

Topography of blood vessels, heart, right lung.1 – larynx; 2 – gl. thyroidea; 3 – arcus arcus aortae; 4 – ductus arteriosus; 5 – truncus pulmonalis; 6 – aoricula sinister; 7 – ventriculus sinister; 8 – apex cordis; 9 – ventriculus dexter; 10 – atrium dextrum; 11 – pulmo dextrum; 12 – v. cava superior; 13 – v. subclsvia dextra; 14 – v. jugularis interna; 15 – a. carotis communis dextra

Figure 24

Heart and lungs.1 – conus arterius; 2 – truncus pulmonalis; 3 – a. pulmonalis sinistra; 4 – a. pulmonalis dextra; 5 – trachea; 6 – pulmo dextrum; 7 – pulmo sinistrum; 8 – pars ascendens aortae; 9 – arcus aortae; 10 – truncus brachiocephalicus; 11 – a. caroticus communis; 12 – a. subclavia

Figure 25

Heart.1 – arcus aortae; 2 – a. coronaria dextra; 3. ventriculus sinister; 4 – ventriculus dexter; 5 – a. coronaria dextra; 6 – auricular dextra; 7 – v. cava superior; 8 – truncus pulmonalis; 9 – a. asscendens; 10 – lig. arteriale; 11 – truncus brachiocephalicus; 12 – a. subclavia sinistra; 13 – a. carotis communis sinistra; 14 – vv. pulmonalis sinister; 16 – auricular sinistra

Figure 26

Heart. Back view.1 – arcus aortae; 2 – a. pulmonalis sinistra; 3 – v. cava superior; 4 – переходная линия перикарда; 5 – a. pulmonalis dextra; 6 – vv. pulmonales dextrae; 7 – ventriculus dexter; 8 – v. cava inferior; 9 – a. coronaria dextra; 10 – vases ventriculi dextrae; 11 – средняя вена сердца и нисходящая ветвь правой венечной артерии; 12 – auricular sinistra; 13 – ventriculus sinister; 14 – vv. pulmonales sinistrae; 15 – vases ventriculi sinistrae; 16 – sinus coronary; 17 – atrium sinistrum

Figure 27

Syntopia of heart, big vessels and lungs.1 – apex pulmonis sinistri; 2 – pars descendens aortae; 3 – ductus arteriosus; 4 – truncus pulmonalis; 5 – auricular sinistra; 6 – ventriculus; 8 – atrium dextrum; 9 – pulmo dexter; 10 – v. cava superior; 11 – pars ascendens aortae

Figure 28

The relationship of the trachea, esophagus and aorta.1 – n. recurrens dexter; 2 – n. vagus; 3 – a. carotis communis; 4 – a. subclavia; 5 – truncus brachiocephalicus; 6 – arcus aortae; 7 – bifurcation tracheae; 8 – nodi lymphatici tracheobronchiales; 9 – n. recurrens sinister; 10 – bronchus sinister; 11 – bronchus dexter; 12 – oesaphagus

Figure 29

Pattern of segmental division of the bronchial tree.1 – seg. apicale; 2 – seg. posterius; 3 – seg. anterius; 4 – seg. laterale (справа), lingulare superius (слева); 5 – seg. mediale; 6 – seg. apicale (superius); 7 – seg. basale mediale (cardiacum); 8 – seg. basale anterius; 9 – seg. basale laterale; 10 – seg. basale posterius

Figure 30

Posterior mediastinum.1 – oesaphagus; 2 – trachea; 3 – a. carotis communis; 4 – a. subclavia; 5 – n. recurrens; 6 – n. vagus; 7 – v. azygos; 8 – pulmo sister; 9 – bronchus dexter; 10 – nodi lymphatici tracheobronchiales; 11 – bronchus sinister; 12 – pulmo dexter; 13 – a. pulmonalis sinistra; 14 – arcus aortae

Figure 31

Blood supply of the middle and lower parts of the chest cavity.1 – esophagus (pars cervicalis); 2 – a. carotis communis; 3 – pars descendens aortae (pars cervicalis); 4 – bronchus principalis sinister; 5 – rr. esophagales aortae; 6 – esophagus; 7 – bronchus principalis dexter; 8 – arcus aortae; 9 – trachea

Figure 32

Types of esophagus atresia.(a) aplasia of the esophagus; (b) the esophagus forms two isolated blind sacs; (c) the upper segment of the esophagus ends blindly, the lower segment is connected to the trachea (above the bifurcation) by the fistulous course; (d) the upper segment terminates blindly, the lower segment is connected to the bifurcation of the trachea by the fistulous course; (e) the upper segment is connected to the trachea, the lower is blind; (f) both segments of the esophagus are connected to the trachea by a fistulous course.

Figure 33

Topography of the organs of the posterior mediastinum. Front view.1 – larynx; 2 – v. jugularis interna; 3 – n. vagus; 4 – a. carotis communis; 5 – trachea; 6 – m. scalenus anterior; 7 – arcus aortae; 8 – bronchus principalis sinister; 9 – pars descendens aortae (pars rhotacica); 10 – truncus vagakis anterior; 13 – n. splanchnicus major; 14 – truncus sympathicus; 15 – esophagus; 16 – plexus esophagealis; 17 – bronchus principalis dexter; 18 – v. azygos; 19 – clavicula

Figure 34

Organs and lymph nodes of the mediastinum.1 – v. cava superior; 2 – arcus aortae; 3 – v. subclavia; 4 – nodi lymphatici bifurcations; 6 – nodi lymphatici bronchiales; 7 – trachea; 8 – a. carotis communis; 9 – pars aortae descendens; 10 – oesophagus; 11 – v. cava inferior; 12 – v. jugularis interna; 13 – a. subclavia; 14 – cartilage thyroidea

Part 2

Figure 35

Sections of anterior lateral abdomen wall.1 – reg. epigastrica; 2 – reg. hypochondrica; 3 – regio inguinalis; 4 – reg. abdominalis; 5 – reg. umbilicalis; 6 – reg. pubica.

Figure 36

Transversal sections of anterior abdominal wall at different levels.1 – fascia transversa; 2 – lamina anterior vag. m. recti abdominis; 3 – lamina posterior vag. m. recti abdominis; 4 – m. obliquus externus abdominis; 5 – m. obliquus internus abdominis; 6 – m. transversus abdominis; 7 – m. rectus abdominis; 8 – linea alba; 9 – lig. teres hepatis; 10 – tela subserosa; 11 – peritoneum

Figure 37

Topography of inguinal area.1 – n. iliohypogastricus; 2 – aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis; 3 – lig. reflexum; 4 – funiculus spermaticus; 5 – n. ilioinguinalis; 6 – lig. inguinalis; 7 – m. obliquus internus abdominis; 8 – aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis; 9 – margo inferior m. obliquus externus abdominis; 10 – margo superior aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis.

Figure 38

Topography of inferior section of anterior abdominal wall.1- m. obliquus externus abdominis; 2 – linea alba; 3 – lig. inguinale; 4 – anullus inguinalis superficialis; 5 – foramen externus canalis femoralis; 6 – funiculus spermaticus; 7 – v. femoralis; 8 – margo superior (internus) aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis; 9 – margo inferior (externus) aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis; 10 – aponeurosis m. obliquus externus abdominis.

Figure 39

Anterior abdominal wall blood supply and anastomoses.1 – a. et v. epigastrica superior; 2 – paries posterior vag. m. recti abdominis; 3 – aa., vv. Intercostales posteriors et nn. intercostales; 4 – m. transverses abdominis; 5 – n. iliohypogastricus; 6 – linea arcuata; 7 – a.et v. epigastrica superior; 8 – m. rectu sabdominis; 9 – n. ilioinguinalis; 10 – m. obliquus internus abdominis; 11 – aponeurosis obliqi interni abdominis; 12 – parieces anterior et posterior vag. m. recti abdomen

Figure 40

Internal surface of anterior abdominal wall. Removed peritoneum in the right half.1. diaphragma; 2. vag. m. recti abdominis (lam. posterior); 3. m. transverses abdominis; 4. urachus; 5. a. umbilicalis; 6. annulus inguinalis profundus; 7. a. iliaca externa; 8. v. femoralis; 9. funiculus spermaticus; 10. foramen obturatorium; 11. prostata; 12. vesicula seminales; 13. spina iliaca anterior superior; 14. vesica urinaria; 15. plica umbilicalis; 16. fascia umbilicalis; 17. v. umbilicalis; 18. lig. fulciformis hepatic; 19. arcus costalis; 20.processus xiphoideus.

Figure 41

The topography of the anterolateral abdominal wall.1 – vag. n. recti abdomini; 2 – m. rectus abdominis; 3 – intersection tendinis; 4 – m. obliquus internus abdominis; 5 – m. obliquus externus abdominis; 6 – m. pyramidalis; 7 – fascia transversa; 8 – linea semicircularis; 9 – linea semilunaris; 10 – n. transversus abdominis; 11 – linea alba abdominis; 12 – arcus costalis.

Figure 42

Content of hepatoduodenal copula.1 – ductus hepaticus; 2 – a. hepatica propria; 3 – v. portae; 4 – a. hepatica communis; 5 – a. gastrica dextra; 6 – pancreas; 7 – gaster; 8 – duodenum; 9 – a. gastroduodenalis; 10 – ductus choledochus; 11 – ostium omentalis; 12 – ductus cysticus; 13 – r. a. hepatica propria dexter; 14 – vesica fellea; 15 – hepar.

Figure 43

The organs of the abdominal cavity. The upper floor of the abdominal cavity.1 – diaphragma; 2 – ostium cardiacum ventriculi; 3 – omentum minus; 4 – ventriculus; 5 – lien; 6 – duodenum; 7 – omentum majus; 8 – colon descendens; 9 – colon sigmoideun; 10 – rectum; 11 – vesica urinaria; 12 – appendix vermiformis; 13 – cecum; 14 – colon transversum; 15 – vesica fellea; 16 – v. umbilicalis; 17 – lobus hepatis dexter.

Figure 44

The ground floor of the abdominal cavity.1 – flexura lienalis intestine crassi; 2 – colon transversum; 3 – colon descendens; 4 – mesenterium intestine tenue; 5 – canalis lateralis sinister; 6 – sinus mesenteries sinister; 7 – colon sigmoideun; 8 – caecum; 9 – canalis lateralis dexter; 10 – colon ascendens; 11 – flexura hepatis intestine crassi; 12 – ventriculus; 13 – hepar.

Figure 45

Syntopy of abdominal organs.1– truncus coeliacus; 2 – a. gastrica dextra; 3 – a. lienalis; 4 – pancreas; 5 – colon transversum mesocolica; 6 – vasa mesenterica superior; 7 – a. sigmoidea; 8 – colon sigmoideun mesocolica; 9 – ureter dexter; 10 – initial of jejunum; 11 – pars descendens duodeni; 12 – pars superior horizontalis duodeni; 13 – v. cava inferior; 14 – a. abdominalis.

Figure 46

Holotopy of abdominal organs in newborns.1 – hepar; 2 – lien; 3 – gaster; 4 – duodenum; 5 – caecum; 6 – appendix vermiformis; 7 – colon transversum; 8 – colon descendens; 9 – colon sigmoideum; 10 – rectum; 11 – vesica urinaria.

Figure 47

The projection of the liver and stomach to the anterior abdominal wall.1 – sternum; 2 – costa VIII; 3 – ostium cardiacum ventriculi; 4 –lobus hepatis sinister; 5 – curvatura ventriculi minor; 6 – costa XI; 7 – curvature ventriculi major; 8 – pylorus; 9 – vesica fellea; 10 –fissure lig. teretis; 11 –duodenum; 12 – lobus hepatis dexter.

Figure 48

Arteries of the upper abdomen.1 – a. gastrica sinistra; 2 – truncus celiacus; 3 – a. lienalis; 4 –a. mesenterica superior; 5 –a. mesenterica inferior; 6 – aorta abdominalis; 7 – a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior; 8 – a. pancreaticoduodenalis superior; 9 – a. gastroduodenalis; 10 – r. a. hepaticae dexter; 11 – r. a. hepaticae sinister; 12 –.a. hepatica communis.

Figure 49

Vessels submucosal plexus of the fundus (transillumination angiography).

Figure 50

Anastomoses between intramural vessels submucosal plexus of the anterior wall of the stomach, which entering into the stomach wall from the small and large curvature.

Figure 51

The serous-muscular layer of the stomach of the dog in transmitted light.

Figure 52

The digested stomach reflected light (experiment on dogs).

Figure 53

The topography of the duodenum.1 – ostium cardiacum ventriculi; 2 – lien; 3 – pancreas; 4 – vasa mesenterica superior; 5 – jejunum; 6 – vasa iliaca communis; 7 – ureter sinister; 8 – spina iliaca anterior superior; 9 – vesica urinaria; 10 – uterus; 11 – rectum; 12 – ren dexter; 13 – pars horizontalis duodeni; 14 – pars descendens duodeni; 15 – vesica fellea; 16 – pylorus; 17 – v. umbilicalis; 18 – lobus hepatis dexter.

Figure 54

Syntopy of the duodenum and pancreas.1 – duodenum; 2 – ren dexter; 3 – suprarenalis dexter; 4 – a. pancreaticoduodenalis superior; 5 – v. cava inferior; 6 – a. gastroduodenalis; 7 – a. gastroepiploitica dextra; 8 – pancreas; 9 – the beginning of the jejunum; 10 – a. et v. mesenterica superior; 11 – a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior.

Figure 55

Organs of the abdominal cavity. Anterior abdominal wall of the stomach is removed.1 – diaphragma; 2 – lig. falciforme hepatic; 3 – lobus hepatis sinister; 4 – intestinum tenue; 5 – colon sigmoideum; 6 – vesica urinaria; 7 – plica umbilicalis medialis; 8 – urachus; 9 – ileum; 10 – vesica fellea; 11 – v. umbilicalis; 12 – lobus hepatis dexter.

Figure 56

The lines of attachment mesentericof thin intestine and colon.1 – pars cardiacus ventriculi; 2 – lig. gastrolienale; 3 – pancreas; 4 – lig. phrenicocolicum; 5 –pars ascendens duodeni; 6 – ureter sinister (relief); 7 – colon sigmoideum; 8 – mesosigmoideum; 9 – rectum; 10 – appendix; 11 – ureter dexter (relief); 12 – radix mesenterii; 13 – flexura duodenojejunalis; 14 – mesenterium coli transversi; 15 – flexura intestine crassi dextra; 16 – pars superior duodeni; 17 – omentum minus; 18 – lig. falciforme hepatis.

Figure 57

Various forms of the cecum and the appendix in the newborn.a - appendix vermiformis. It is a direct continuation of the cecum, appendix vermiformis is located behind the cecum and medially; б – appendix vermiformis is located for the cecum. It is directed laterally and downwards; в – appendix vermiformis is located for the cecum. It is directed laterally and downwards; r – appendix vermiformis is located for the cecum. It is directed downwards; д – appendix vermiformis is located in front of the ileum. Its end is directed upward; e – appendix vermiformis is located in front of the blind and the ileum. Its tip is pointing downward and medially.

Figure 58

Blood supply of the colon.1 – anastomosis a. colica media et a. colica sinistra; 2 – plica duodenojejunalis; 3 – a. colica sinistra; 4 – a. mesenterica inferior; 5 – a. sigmoidea; 6 – a. rectalis inferior; 7 – a. rectalis media; 8 – a. rectalis superior; 9 – a. iliaca et colon ascendens; 10 – a. colica dextra; 11 – a. mesenterica superior; 12 – a. colica media.

Figure 59

Blood supply of the sigmoid colon and rectum.1 – a. mesenterica inferior; 2 – a. colica sinistra; 3 – a. iliaca communis; 4 – aa. sigmoideae; 5 – r. anterior a. iliaca interna; 6 – aorta; 7 – a. rectalis superior; 8 – a. rectalis media; 9 – a. rectalis inferior; 10 – a. pudenda interna; 11 – a. glutea superior; 12 –a. iliaca interna; 13 – a. sacralis media; 14 – anastomosis a. sacralis medialis et lateralis; 15 – a. iliaca externa.

Figure 60

Features of the blood supply of the large intestine in the newborn: a, b - a typical anatomical diagram of the main arteries (a) and veins (b) of the colon.

Figure 61

Liver.1 – lobus hepaticus sinister; 2 – lobus caudatus hepatis; 3 – gaster; 4 – a. hepatica propria; 5 – v. portae; 6 - lobus hepaticus dexter; 7 – ductus choledochus; 8 – vesica fellea; 9 – lobus quadrates hepatis.

Figure 62

Visceral surface of the liver and its topography.1 – impression lienalis; 2 – impressio gastrica; 3 – impression colica; 4 – the area, which contacts with the intestinal loops; 5 – impression duodenalis; 6 – lobus caudatus; 7 – margo inferior; 8 – vesica fellea; 9 – the area, which contacts with the intestinal loops; 10 – impression colica; 11 – impressio renalis; 12 – impressio suprarenalis; 13-lobusdexter; 14 – v. portae; 15 – porta hepatis; 16 – lobus cuadratus; 17 – impression pancreatic; 18 -impressio esophagea; 19 – lobus sinister.

Figure 63

Syntopy of liver and colon. The front wall of the stomach, small intestine and bladder are removing.1 – diaphragma; 2 – lobus hepaticus sinister; 3 – lien; 4 – flexura coli sinistra; 5 – colon descendens; 6 – colon sigmoideum; 7 – rectum; 8 – appendix vermiformis; 9 – ceacum; 10 – flexura coli dextra; 11 – colon transversum; 12 – v. umbilicalis; 13 – lobus hepaticus dexter.

Figure 64

The topography of the nerves of the diaphragm.1 – diaphragma (pars sternalis); 2 – pericardium (pars diaphragmatica) 3 – v. cava inferior 4 – n. phrenicus dexter 5 – centrum tendineum 6 – diaphragma (pars costalis) 7 – trigonum sternocostale 8 – diaphragma (pars lumbalis); 9 – cartilage intervertebralis 10 – ductus limphaticus 11 – aorta 12 – hiatus esophagealis 13 – r. posterior n. phrenici sinistri 14 – v. phrenica inferior sinistra; 15 – n. phrenicus sinister.

Figure 65

Diaphragma.1 – pars sternalis diaphragmatic; 2 – trigonum sternocostalis; 3 – n. phrenicus sinister; 4 – esophagus; 5 – a. phrenica dextra; 6 – trigonum lumbocostalis; 7 – aorta (pars abdominalis); 8 – crus dextrum diaphragmatic mediale; 9 – crus dextrum diaphragmatic laterale; 10 – n. phrenicus dexer; 11 – v. cava inferior; 12 – centrum tendineum diaphragmatic.

Figure 66

Liver of the newborn. The dashed line indicates the edge of the costal arch.1 – hepar; 2 – lobus dexter; 3 – vesica fellea; 4 – interstinum tenue; 5 – plica umbilicalis mediana; 6 – образная кишка; 7 – omentum majus; 8 – lobus sinistra; 9 – facies diaphragmatica

Figure 67

Non contrastive transillumination angiogram gallbladder.a - major branches of the cystic artery in the fibrous layer; b - two veins that accompany cystic artery; c - “cell” of the bladder wall formed vessels.

Figure 68

Transillumination pigment angiogram distal gallbladder.

Figure 69

Gallbladder newborn.1 – ductus hepaticus; 2 – a. hepatica; 3 – v. porta; 5 – ductus choledohus communis; 6 – ductus cysticus; 7 – a. cystica.

Figure 70

The scheme of the biliary tract.1 – ductus hepaticus dexter; 2 – ductus hepaticus sinister; 3 – trigonum Кале; 4 – a. cystica; 5 – ductus hepaticus communis; 6 – ductus cysticus; 7 – pars supraduodenalis ductus choledochi; 8 – pars retroduodenalis ductus choledochi; 9 – pars intramuralis ductus choledochi; 10 – ductus pancreaticus.

Figure 71

Differences of vesico-colonic ligament.a - on the one hand; б - the two sides of the bladder.

Figure 72

Pancreas.1 – aorta; 2 – a. lienalis; 3 – margo superior; 4 – cauda pancreatis; 5 – margo anterior; 6 – margo inferior; 7 – a. iliaca communis; 8 – v. iliaca communis; 9 – caput pancreatic; 10 – corpus pancreatic; 11 – v. portae; 12 – v. cava inferior.

Part 3

Figure 73

Lumbar region.1 - derma; 2 - aponeurosis m.rectus abdominis; 3 - paniculus addiposus; 4 - triangle of Pte; 5 - m.obliquus externus abdominis; 6 - m.obliquus internus abdominis; 7 - subcostal vessels; 8 - costa (XII); 9 - m. serratus posterior inferior; 10 - m. latissimus dorsi.

Figure 74

Topography of retroperitoneal space.1 – costa; 2 – m. erector spinae; 3 – m. erector spinae; 4 – lamina profunda f. thoraco lumbalis; 5 – m. qudratus lumborum; 6 – fascia endoabdominalis; 7 – fascia intrarenalis; 8 – m. iliacus; 9 – common iliac vessels; 10 – ureter; 11 – taenia libera coli; 12 – retroperitoneal cellular layer; 13 – Told’s fascia; 14 – retrocolon ligament; 15 – paniculus pararenalis; 16 – fascia prerenalis; 17- ren; 18 – intestinum crassum; 19 – suprarenalis

Figure 75

The posterior wall of the abdomen.1 – m. trapezium; 2 – m. latissimus dorsi; 3 – m. serratus posterior inferior; 4 – costa (XI); 5 – mm. intracostales; 6 – fascia thoracolumbalis; 7 – costa (XII); 8 – aponeurosis m. transversus abdominis; 9 – n. intercostalis (XI); 10 – subcostal vessels and nerves; 11 – m. obliquus internus abdominis; 12 – m. obliquus extemus abdominis; 13 – m. gluteus maximus; 14 – m. gluteus medius; 15 – triangle of Pte; 16 – spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Figure 76

The organs and major blood vessels of the retroperitoneal space.1 – diaphragma; 2 – v. cava inferior; 3 – v. renalis; 4 – ren; 5 – v. spermatica interim sinistra; 6 – aorta; 7 – ureter; 8 – m. lumbalis magna; 9 – v. iliaca communis sinistra; 10 – peritoneum parietale; 11 – a. iliaca communis dextra; 12 – v. spermatica; interna sinistra; 13 – v. suprarenalis; 14 – suprarenalis dexter

Figure 77

Structure of the kidney.1 – pyramides renales; 2 – a. renalis; 3 – v. renalis; 4 – hilus renalis; 5 – pelvis renalis; 6 – ureter; 7 – extremitas inferior; 8 – extremitas superior

Figure 78

The blood vessels of kidneys and adrenal glands.1 – v. renalis dextra; 2 – a. renalis dextra; 3 – v. suprarenalis dextra; 4 – a. suprarenalis superior dextra; 5 – a. phrenica inferior dextra; 6 – oesophagus; 7 – a. phrenica inferior sinistra; 8 – a. suprarenalis superior; 9 – a. suprarenalis media sinistra; 10 – a. suprarenalis sinistra

Figure 79

Kidney Vessels.A — renal arteries: 1 - gl. Suprarenalis; 2 -hilus renalis; 3 - ren; 4 - pars abdominalis aortae; 5 - ureter; 6 - vasa iliaca communa; 7 - v. cava inferior; 8 - a. ovarica (testicularis); 9 - r. uretericus; 10 -a. renalis; 11 - a. suprarenalis inferoir; 12 - a. suprarenalis media; 13 - a. phrenica inferior; B – renal veins: 1 -a. suprarenalis sinistra; 2 - plexus pampiniformis; 3 - a. ovarica (testicularis) sinistra; 4 - a. ovarica (testicularis) dextra; 5 - r. uretericus; 6 - v. renalis; 7 - v. cava inferior

Figure 80

Kidney topography.1 -ren; 2 - a. renalis dextra; 3 - v. renalis dextra; 4 - vv. lumbales; 5 - v. cava inferior; 6 - aorta abdominalis; 7 - peritoneum; 8 - capsula adiposa

Figure 81

Entrance to the small pelvis of the newborn girl, front and top view.1 - for. v. cavae inferioris; 2 - pars abdominalis aortae; 3 - vasa renalia; 4 - pars abdominalis ureteris; 5 - tuba uterina; 6 - rectum; 7 - a. et v. iliaca communis; 8 - a. et v. ovarica dextra; 9 - v. cava inferior; 10 - ren dexter; 11 - gl. suprarenalis; 12 – diaphragma

Part 4

Figure 82

Mammary gland.1 – sinus lactiferus; 2 – fatty tissue and interlobular connective tissue; 3 – pulmo; 4 – mature fibroadenoma

Figure 83

Mammary gland.1 – sinus lactiferus; 2 – lobi gl. mammariae; 3 – ductus lactiferus; 4 – papilla; 5 – fatty tissue and interlobular connective tissue; 6 – fiber between the superficial and own fascia; 7 – fascia pectoralis; 8 – m. pectoralis major; 9 – intercostal spaces; 10 – fascia intrathoracica; 11 – costa; 12 – fascia superficialis; 13 – pleura; 14 – pulmo; 15 – mature fibroadenoma

Figure 84

Transverse section of the chest.1 – atrium dexter; 2 – ventriculus sinister; 3 – pulmo sinister; 4 – aorta descendens; 5 – columna vertrebralis; 6 – canalis spinalis; 7 – oesophagus; 8 - pulmo dexter; 9 – tumor node; 10 – facies cardiaca anterior; 11 – paries thoracica anterior

Figure 85

Mediastinum after removal of the right lung. Right view.1 – trachea; 2 – n. phrenicus; 3 – thymus; 4 – bronchus principalis dexter; 5 – a. pulmonalis dexter; 6 – cor; 7 – vv. pulmonales dexter; 8 – nodi lymphatici bronchopulmonales; 9 – diaphragma; 10 – plexus esophagalis; 11 – n. splanchnicus major; 12 – v. azigos; 13 – truncus sympathicus; 14 – esophagus; 15 – costa; 16 – clavicular

Figure 86

Transverse section of the chest.1 – atrium dexter; 2 – ventriculus sinister; 3 – pulmo sinister; 4 –aorta descendens; 5 – columna vertebralis; 6 – canalis spinalis; 7 – oesophagus; 8 – pulmo dexter; 9 – fluid in the pericardial cavity; 10 – paries thoracica anterior

Figure 87

Cross section of the thorax at the level of the liver.1,3,5 – lobes of the liver; 2 – inferior vena cava; 4 – a slot of a circular ligament and a circular ligament; 6 – lesser omentum; 7 – rectus abdominis muscle; 8 – diaphragm; 9 – stomach; 10 – left bend of the small intestine; 11 – thoracic lymphatic duct; 12 – abdominal aorta; 13 – thoracic spine; 14 – vertebral canal and spinal cord; 15 – the spleen; 16 – left lung; 17 – back muscles; 18 – neoplasm of the liver.

Figure 88

Cross section of the thorax at the level of the liver.1 – lobulus hepatus dexter; 2 – v.cava inferior; 3 – lobulus hepatus caudatus; 4 – v.porta; 5 – lobus hepatus sinister; 6 – a.gastrica sinistra; 7 – m.rectus abdominis; 8-diafragma; 9 – gaster; 10 – flexura colica sinistra; 11 – nodus limfaticus thoracica; 12 – aorta abdominalis; 13 – vertebra thoracica; 14 – medulla spinalis et canalis vertebralis; 15 – spleen; 16 – pulmo dexter; 17 – m.latissimus dorsi; 18- neoplasm in the liver

Figure 89

Hemangioma of the liver.