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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system built on top of the Debian architecture. It is used to make operating systems for multiple platforms, including phones, desktops, TVs and mobiles. It has made some serious progress in the realms of efficiency and user friendliness.
With evolving technology trends, demands on software have changed, with more and more skilled users. Over the past few years, services such as Facebook, Twitter, and push notifications on smartphones mean that users are used to being up to date with everything that happens all the time. With SignalR, the applications stay connected and will generate notifications when something happens either from the system or by other users. This provides new opportunities for the system administrators, to enter this new and exciting world of real-time application development.
This is a concise and a cost-friendly guide, packed with up-to-date essentials on Ubuntu Server fundamentals.
It will guide you through deploying and configuring Ubuntu servers in your office environments. You’ll start by installing Ubuntu Server, then move to the most useful aspect —the command-line interface inside it. You’ll extend your knowledge by learning how to administrate and configure Ubuntu Server. You will also see how to deploy services on Ubuntu Server and find out how to secure it. You’ll get to grips with the virtualization and cloud computing facilities provided by Ubuntu, and finally, you’ll gain some very useful tips.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Table of Contents
Ubuntu Server Essentials
Ubuntu Server Essentials
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: November 2015
Production reference: 1251115
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78528-546-2
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Credits
Author
Abdelmonam Kouka
Reviewers
Dan Bishop
James A. Langbridge
Acquisition Editor
Larissa Pinto
Content Development Editor
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Technical Editors
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Cover Work
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About the Author
Abdelmonam Kouka is a Tunisian computer engineer. He received his engineering diploma in computer science in 2007 from National School of Computer Sciences (ENSI), one of the best engineering schools in Tunisia. He received a master's degree in information security from the same school (ENSI) in 2009 and a master's degree in free and open source software from ISI/UVT in 2011. He received a master's degree in innovation management (the DICAMP.eu project) in 2014.
He was not just a student. In fact, after getting his engineering degree in 2007, in parallel to his master's marathon, he started working as a software developer in HR Access and then as a Zimbra consultant in another company. After that, he started to develop with Alcatel-Lucent as a Java/JEE developer to finish with Alcatel-Lucent as an IP/MPLS Expert. He left Alcatel-Lucent in December 2012 to launch, in partnership with his friend Ayed Akrout, his own startup named TAC-TIC (for more information, visit http://www.tac-tic.net/) that provides ICT services such as software development, open source consulting, and IP/MPLS engineering and support. He is also an Alcatel-Lucent University trainer who delivers advanced courses on IP platforms, fixed networks, and broadband access technologies.
While studying for engineering and during all of his professional experience, he was an open source activist; he was a member/co-founder of the Ubuntu-tn community, Sabily community, and the APOS association. He has also been a member of Linux Arabic Community, Arabeyes, CULLT, DFSA, and a lot of other open source clubs, associations, and initiatives.
He is also the author of Learning Zimbra Server Essentials, Packt Publishing, 2013.
I would like to give thanks and express my gratitude to my family; without their involvement, this book quite possibly would not have happened. A lot of thanks to my wife, Sonia, for her passion and patience with my late-night writing sessions. Also, a lot of thanks to my mother, Chadlia, and my brother, Iskander, for their encouragement and support during this work.
I dedicate this book to my lovely daughter, Mariem, whose smile is my source of inspiration.
Finally, to caffeine, my companion through many long nights of writing.
About the Reviewers
Dan Bishop is a systems administrator living and working in York, UK. He has extensive experience managing Ubuntu servers in personal as well as professional contexts, ranging from home office to enterprise. Apart from providing consultancy services to independent clients, he has forged a career in some of the top universities in the UK. Currently, he works at the University of York, developing a range of services that run on Ubuntu servers. In his spare time, Dan loves to travel the world, and he regularly volunteers as a special constable with the police.
James A. Langbridge does not like talking about himself in the third person, but he will try anyway. James was born in Singapore, and he followed his parents to several countries before settling down in Nantes, France, where he lives with his partner and their two children.
James is an author and embedded systems consultant. He has worked for more than 15 years on industrial, military, mobile telephony, and aviation security systems. He works primarily on low-level development, creating bootloaders or optimizing routines in assembly and making the most of small processors. When not on contract, James trains engineers to work with embedded systems and Linux. He enjoys making new gizmos, much to the dismay of his partner.
James wrote his first computer program at the age of six, and he has never stopped tinkering ever since. He began by using Apple IIs, ZX80s, and ZX81s, moved on to BBC Micros and the Amiga, and finally had no other option but to use PCs. He has been using Linux almost exclusively since 1995 and has no intention of changing. He has been using Ubuntu since 2006 as well as other flavors.
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Preface
Ubuntu Server Essentials is a practical, hands-on guide that provides you with a clear step-by-step process to install and manage an Ubuntu Server, which will help you take advantage of the real power that is behind Ubuntu without being an expert in it.
This fast-paced book is for administrators who wish to discover the essentials of the latest version of the Ubuntu Server. The purpose of this book is to guide the readers so that they can deploy and configure Ubuntu servers in their office environments. First of all, we will start by explaining how to install the Ubuntu Server. Then, we will move on to cover the most useful aspect of the command-line interface that comes with it. Meanwhile, we will have a look at how to administrate and configure an Ubuntu Server. This knowledge will be extended with the help of a chapter dedicated to this topic. After that, we will discuss how to deploy services on an Ubuntu Server and secure it. Before finishing, we will discover the virtualization and Cloud computing facilities provided by Ubuntu. Finally, we will explore some very useful tips related to an Ubuntu Server.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, The Ubuntu Server Installation, serves as an Ubuntu Server installation guide.
Chapter 2, Configuring and Administering Ubuntu Server, provides the necessary knowledge and tools that are required to manage an Ubuntu Server.
Chapter 3, Deploying Servers on Ubuntu, allows users to easily set up and deploy a set of frequently used services, such as e-mail, the Web, DNS, and so on.
Chapter 4, Security with Ubuntu, serves as a security guide for the Ubuntu Server.
Chapter 5, Virtualization and Cloud Computing inside the Ubuntu Server, provides the knowledge needed to work with virtualization and Cloud computing.
Chapter 6, Tips and Tricks for Ubuntu Server, contains some of the most useful tips and tricks that every Ubuntu administrator needs.
What you need for this book
To use this book, you need only basic knowledge Linux OS and a cup of coffee.
Who this book is for
This book is intended for system administrators who are familiar with the fundamentals of the Linux operating system and are looking for a fast-paced guide on Ubuntu. Those familiar with the older versions of Ubuntu will also find this book useful. Basic knowledge of Linux administration is assumed. By the end of this book, readers will have a good understanding of working with the latest version of Ubuntu and exploring the new features of Ubuntu Server administration.
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Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We can include other contexts through the use of the include directive."
A block of code is set as follows:
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Then, go to the Settings of the machine and select the System tab."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Chapter 1. The Ubuntu Server Installation
This chapter will cover how to install Ubuntu Server by using different methods. We will have a look at how to install Ubuntu Server in the manual and automated mode by using a simple or an advanced installation.
To reach this goal, we will follow this plan:
Preparation before the installation
In this section, we will take a quick look at the latest Ubuntu Server release news and then, we will make a list of all the system requirements.
The latest Ubuntu release
Canonical, the company that produces Ubuntu, releases a new version every 6 months. Each release has a code with a YY.ZZ pattern, where YY is the year and ZZ is the month.
I started writing this book just after Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet) was released on April 23, 2015. Currently, there are two major releases—the LTS one that was released last year (LTS stands for long-term support), which is version 14.04, and the latest version 15.04. It is not a big deal if you choose either of these two versions to perform the tasks in the coming chapters, since it will make no difference. So, we decided to use the latest version as a reference for our samples, especially because the next LTS release will be based on it. (Note that only the LTS releases are supported for 5 years by Canonical, and the non-LTS releases have a support of only 9 months. That's why we normally choose the LTS versions for Ubuntu Server deployments.) When there is a notable difference between these two versions, we will mention it.
Now, let's take a look at some information related to the latest version:
Note
The upstart boot still exists under Ubuntu. You can use it by opening the GRUB boot menu, choosing Advanced options for Ubuntu, and then clicking on Ubuntu, with Linux (upstart).
If you would like to switch permanently to the upstart boot, you can install the upstart-sysv package, which will remove ubuntu-standard and systemd-sysv.
System requirements
System requirements depend on the services that may need to be deployed in the future and installed on the server. For demonstration/test purposes, we need a minimal configuration of 300 MHz CPU, 192 MB of RAM, and a 1.5 GB hard disk. This light configuration allows us to deploy Ubuntu Server on an old computer or even a little virtual machine. This limited footprint is basically due to the absence of the X Windows System (graphic interface), which is not needed in a server environment.
In a production environment, you should be careful about your actual needs in terms of resources (the CPU, RAM, and hard disk) and the estimation growth of those needs. To do this, you need to make a good measure of dimensions based on the services that you are going to deploy.
In the case of the samples in this book, we will use the 64-bit version of Ubuntu Server 15.04, and we will install it on a virtual box machine that has 1 GB of RAM and 2 TB of hard disk.
Tip
Note that if you are using a used computer/server, you should back up your data before installing or upgrading Ubuntu. Partitioning tools used in the installation process are reliable and can be used for many years without any problems in general, but sometimes, they can perform catastrophic actions.
Additional resources
This book comprises only the essentials. It contains exactly what you need to know to perform a specific task. If you need more information about and an in-depth understanding of Ubuntu, you can have a look at the official documentation by visiting https://help.ubuntu.com.
You should download the CD image according to your system architecture. The whole list exists at http://releases.ubuntu.com/15.04/.
The manual installation
In this section, we will have a look at how to install Ubuntu Server manually, either from the CD or the USB key. Here, we will only cover the installation from the CD; the same procedure applies for the installation from the USB key. In the latter case, you should configure your computer (using the BIOS interface) to boot from USB.
There is another way to manually install Ubuntu Server, which is via network, but since we will see this procedure in depth in the next Automated installation section, we will not cover it here.
A simple installation from a CD
The procedure for installing Ubuntu from a CD is the same as that for most of the Linux distributions. So, if you are familiar with this, you can save time and move directly to the next section. If you are a newbie in this field, please follow this section closely, since the next sections (advanced installation and automated installation) will be based on this. Note that for Ubuntu Server edition, there is no graphical environment like the one in the desktop edition. So, you will need to use only the keyboard and not the mouse. The stepwise procedure to install Ubunto from CD is as follows:
You can see a lot of options that cater to your needs:
