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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Amidst all the recent competition from Citrix and Microsoft, VMware's vSphere product line is still the most feature rich and futuristic product in the virtualization industry. Knowing how to install and configure vSphere components is important to give yourself a head start towards virtualization using VMware.
If you want to quickly grasp the installation and configuration procedures, especially by using the new vSphere 5.1 web client, this book is for you.VMware vSphere 5.1 Cookbook will take you through all the steps required to accomplish a task with minimal reading required. Most of the tasks are accompanied with relevant screenshots with an intention to provide a visual guidance as well.The book has many useful recipes that will help you progress through the installation of VMware ESXi 5.1 and vCenter Server 5.1. You will learn to use Auto Deploy and Image Profiles to deploy stateless/stateful ESXi servers, configure failover protection for virtual machines using vSphere HA, configure automated load balancing using vSphere DRS and DPM.
Finally, the book guides you through upgrading or patching ESXi servers using VMware Update Manager and also deploying and configuring vSphere Management Assistant (VMA) to be able to run scripts to manage the ESXi servers.
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Table of Contents
VMware vSphere 5.1 Cookbook
VMware vSphere 5.1 Cookbook
Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: July 2013
Production Reference: 1040713
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-84968-402-6
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Cover Image by J.Blaminsky (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Author
Abhilash GB
Reviewers
Edvaldo Alessandro Cardoso
Christian Mohn
Chris Wahl
Acquisition Editors
Saleem Ahmed
Rukhsana Khambatta
Lead Technical Editor
Arun Nadar
Technical Editors
Ruchita Bhansali
Sampreshita Maheshwari
Nitee Shetty
Hardik B. Soni
Project Coordinator
Arshad Sopariwala
Proofreaders
Stephen Copestake
Dirk Manuel
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Graphics
Abhinash Sahu
Production Coordinator
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Arvindkumar Gupta
About the Author
Abhilash GB specializes in the area of Datacenter Virtualization and Cloud Computing. He is also a VMware Certified Advanced Professional in Datacenter Administration (VCAP-DCA #382).
He is currently working as a VMware Specialist at Hewlett-Packard, Bangalore.
He has nine years of IT experience, which includes over 6 years on VMware products and technologies.
His primary areas of interest include Datacenter Virtualization and Cloud Solutions using VMware technologies.
I would like to dedicate this book to my wife and my parents. Without their patience and support this book would not have been possible.
A big thanks to Dilip Venkatesh, Acquisition Editor, Packt Publishing, for giving me an opportunity to debut my first book. Special thanks to the Lead Technical Editors (Unnati Shah and Arun Nadar), the Project Coordinators (Vishal Bodwani and Arshad Sopariwala), and the Technical Reviewers (Christian Mohn, Chris Wahl, and Alessandro Cardoso) who helped me deliver this book.
About the Reviewers
Alessandro Cardoso is a virtualization and management enthusiast, author, and evangelist. He is a subject matter expert in cloud computing, virtualization, and management, and works at Insight as a Practice Manager for Cloud and Emerging technologies, leading award-winning IT projects in key areas involving Cloud, Virtualization, Security, Messaging, and Hosting within the IT, Health, and Government industries.
A VMware VCP and Microsoft Most Valuable Professional in virtualization since 2009, his product skill set includes Microsoft infrastructure technologies such as O365, Hyper-V, System Center, Windows Server, SQL Server, Active Directory, Exchange, SharePoint, IIS, and Forefront, and he also has sound knowledge of Quest Migration Manager, Linux Infrastructure, Networking, Security Solutions, and VMware in complex and large scenarios.
He is a well-known speaker at IT-related events and is the author of the book System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 and was the technical reviewer of the Windows 2012 Hyper-V Cookbook.
You can also check his personal blog where he talks about Microsoft Virtualization and System Center at http://virtualisationandmanagement.wordpress.com or can follow him on twitter at @edvaldocardoso.
I would like to thank my wife Daniele and my kids Matheus, Lucas, and Nicole for the support and for being my inspiration. I love you all.
Christian Mohn is currently employed as a senior consultant at EVRY Consulting AS in Norway, and is currently serving as Tech Champion for Server Virtualization.
He has a background as an IT-professional since 1997, and has worked both as a consultant and as an infrastructure manager for a large Norwegian shipping company.
He is also one of the co-hosts of the vSoup Virtualization Podcast. Christian was awarded the VMware vExpert title for both 2011 and 2012.
He wrote the foreword in Building End-User Computing Solutions with VMware View, which is available at http://www.lulu.com/shop/mike-laverick-and-barry-coombs/building-end-user-computing-solutions-with-vmware-view/ebook/product-20368612.html.
Chris Wahl has over 13 years of IT experience in enterprise infrastructure design, implementation, and administration within a diverse set of business and regulatory requirements, such as HIPPA, SOX, PCI-DSS, ITIL, and ePHI. He has held architect and engineer roles in a variety of virtualization, converged infrastructure, and private cloud based engagements, while working with high-performance technical teams in tiered data center environments.
He has over 30 active industry certifications, including the VMware Certified Design Expert (VCDX #104), and is a recognized VMware vExpert. Additionally, he holds an active "Master" rank on the VMware Technology Network (VMTN) as a contributor and forum moderator. Chris also volunteers as a Leader in the Chicago VMware User Group (VMUG) to help spread education and technical knowledge of VMware's products and related architecture.
As an Independent Blogger for the award winning "Wahl Network" Chris focuses on creating content that revolves around virtualization, converged infrastructure, and evangelizing products and services that benefit the technology community. Over the past three years, he has published over 200 articles and was voted the "Favorite Independent Blogger" by vSphere-Land.com for 2012. Chris also travels globally to speak at industry events, provide subject matter expertise, and offer insight as a technical analyst.
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Preface
Amid all the recent competition from Citrix and Microsoft, VMware's vSphere product line is still the most feature-rich product in the virtualization industry. Knowing how to install and configure VMware vSphere components is important to give yourself a head start towards datacenter virtualization using VMware.
VMware vSphere 5.1 Cookbook is a task-oriented, fast-paced practical guide to installing and configuring vSphere 5.1 components. This book was written with the intention of providing the reader with a visual walkthrough of the most common configuration tasks that an administrator will perform in a VMware vSphere environment. It takes you through all of the steps required to accomplish a task, with less reading required. The book concentrates more on the actual task rather than theory around it, making it easier to understand what really is needed to achieve the task. However, most of the concepts has been well described, to help the reader understand its background and working.
The main highlight of this book is the use of the new vSphere 5.1 Web Client to accomplish most of the tasks. Although a few tasks cannot be accomplished using web client with the current vSphere version, VMware will be integrating them into the web client in future product releases.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Upgrading to vSphere 5.1, discusses the procedures involved in upgrading the current vSphere environment to vSphere 5.1. It covers upgrading the vCenter Server and the ESXi host.
Chapter 2, Performing a Fresh Installation of vSphere 5.1, explains how to deploy a new vSphere 5.1 environment. It covers the installation of vCenter 5.1 and ESXi 5.1.
Chapter 3, vSphere Auto Deploy, explains how to install and configure Auto Deploy in order to provision ESXi servers. It also covers stateless caching and stateful installation.
Chapter 4, ESXi Image Builder, explains how to create, manage, and apply Image Profiles to ESXi hosts.
Chapter 5, Creating and Managing VMFS Datastores, explains how to create, view, and manage VMFS datastores on an ESXi host. It also covers datastore clusters and storage DRS.
Chapter 6, Managing iSCSI and NFS Storage, explains how to configure iSCSI and NAS storage on an ESXi host.
Chapter 7, Profile-driven Storage and Storage I/O Control, explains how to use storage profiles to ensure that the VMs are placed in appropriate datastores, and how to use storage I/O control to manage queue bandwidth between VMs.
Chapter 8, Configuring the vSphere Network, explains how to set up and configure vSphere networking using vSphere standard switches and vSphere distributed switches. It also covers port mirroring, NetFlow, and PVLANs.
Chapter 9, Creating and Managing Virtual Machines, explains how to create and configure virtual machines in a vSphere environment.
Chapter 10, Configuring vSphere HA, explains how to configure High Availability for ESXi servers.
Chapter 11, Configuring vSphere DRS, DPM, and VMware EVC, explains how to enable and configure DRS on a cluster. It also covers vSphere Distributed Power Management (DPM) and VMware Enhanced vMotion Capability (EVC).
Chapter 12, Upgrading and Patching using VMware Update Manager, explains how to install and configure VMware Update Manager to manage patching and upgrading ESXi hosts. It also covers the installation and configuration of the Update Manager Download Service (UMDS).
Chapter 13, Using vSphere Management Assistant (vMA 5.1), explains how to deploy and configure vMA 5.1 to run commands/scripts with the need to authenticate every attempt.
What you need for this book
You will learn the software requirements for every vSphere component covered in this book, but to start with the basics you will need at least two ESXi servers, a vCenter Server, a domain controller, a DHCP server, a DNS server, and a TFTP server. For learning purposes, you don't really need physical machines to run ESXi. You can use VMware Workstation to set up a hosted lab on your desktop PC or laptop, provided the machine has adequate resources. For shared storage, you can use any of the free virtual storage appliances, such as the Celera UBER, the Openfiler, or a trial version of HP LeftHand (StoreVirtual) VSA.
http://nickapedia.com/2010/10/04/play-it-again-sam-celerra-uber-v3-2/
Openfilerhttp://www.openfiler.com/
Hp LeftHand (StoreVirtual) VSAhttp://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/storage/software/vsa/index.html
Who this book is for
This book is a guide for anyone who wants to learn how install and configure VMware vSphere components. It is an excellent handbook for support professionals, or for anyone looking for a head start in learning how to install and configure vSphere 5.1 components. It is also a good, task-oriented reference material for consultants who design and deploy vSphere environments.
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Chapter 1. Upgrading to vSphere 5.1
In this chapter we will cover the following:
Introduction
In this chapter, we will focus on the steps required to upgrade your ESX servers to ESXi 5.1 and the vCenter Server to vCenter 5.1. If you are trying to rebuild or set up a new vSphere 5.1 environment then you should refer to Chapter 2, Performing a Fresh Installation of vSphere 5.1.
Always the rule of thumb is to upgrade the vCenter Server first, followed by the ESX server.
The upgrade is a three-step process:
It is recommended that you check the VMware Compatibility Guide web page for changes in the supportability of your current hardware. The hardware components may sometimes need a firmware upgrade to work as expected when used with a newer release of vSphere.
The VMware Compatibility Guide web page is available at www.vmware.com/go/hcl.
Upgrading the vCenter Server
VMware vCenter 5.1 is 64-bit; so the process of upgrading the vCenter Server to version 5.1 can be different, depending on whether you are already running your current vCenter on a 64-bit operating system or a 32-bit operating system.
There are two methods of upgrading your current vCenter to vCenter 5.1:
The in-place upgrade is done by running the vCenter 5.1 installer on the machine where you have the existing vCenter Server, provided it is 64-bit. It is called in-place, because you are just letting the installer do the upgrade by automatically preserving the settings of the existing vCenter Sever. This procedure is discussed in the Performing an in-place upgrade of vCenter Server recipe.
If your existing vCenter is running on a 32-bit operating system, then you cannot install vCenter 5.1 on the same machine because it is a 64-bit application. You will need a machine running a 64-bit version of Windows. This is when you can choose to migrate the current vCenter data, using the vSphere Data Migration tool, from the 32-bit machine to a 64-bit machine where you intend to install vCenter 5.1. To learn how this is done, read the Upgrading a 32-Bit vCenter Server to vCenter 5.1 recipe.
Upgrading the ESXi server
Unlike the vCenter Server, the process of upgrading the ESXi server to version 5.1 is pretty straightforward. It is important that you upgrade the vCenter Server prior to upgrading the ESXi servers. There are different methods to upgrade the ESX server to ESXi 5.1. Refer to the Upgrading to ESXi 5.1 recipe for more information on how the upgrade is done using the ESXi 5.1 installation DVD. References for other methods can be found in the same chapter.
vSphere Web Client
Starting with vSphere 5.1, VMware has introduced a Web Client component that can be used to manage the vSphere environment. Although, I will be using vSphere Web Client for most of the tasks in the chapters, you could still use the vSphere Client to perform the same tasks. But there are certain tasks that can only be done using the vSphere Client. For example, the VMware Update Manager plugin is not available for the vSphere Web Client. Having said that, VMware will be moving all of the vSphere management GUIs to the Web Client in the upcoming versions of vSphere. So it would be good to get used to the vSphere Web Client interface. For instructions on how to install the vSphere Web Client component, refer to the Installing vSphere Web Client recipe.
Carrying out pre-upgrade checks before performing a vCenter upgrade
Although running the installation wizard to upgrade the vCenter Server is a straightforward process, there are a few pre-upgrade steps that have to be performed so that you can finish the upgrade process without any issues.
How to do it...
The following are the steps that you have to perform before doing the upgrade:
Checking the ESX server compatibility
This check is very critical, make sure that this is tagged as a mandatory step in your upgrade action plan.
It is again a best practice to check the VMware Product Interoperability Matrixes web page for verification:
http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/sim/interop_matrix.php
vCenter Server 5.1 can be used to manage ESX/ESXi 4.x and ESX 5.0.
Note
Note that ESX/ESXi 3.5 or earlier versions cannot be managed using vCenter 5.1.
Running VMware vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker
The VMware vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker feature is run to generate a report showing issues detected on the ESX servers, which in turn would prevent a successful upgrade of the vCenter Host Agent software on the ESXi servers. The component is listed under the Utilities section of the vCenter Server's installer home screen. The following are the steps to run the pre-upgrade checker:
I have chosen the Custom Mode radio button. Click on Next to continue.
Select the ESX servers for a pre-upgrade check and click on Next.On the next screen, click on Run precheck to run the tests on the selected hosts. Then click on Next.On the next screen, if the ESX hosts has passed the check, then the Last Checked Status value will be Pass.If any of the hosts failed the pre-check, then the issues reported should be addressed before you retry the upgrade.
Checking database compatibility
It is important that you verify whether the vCenter database in use is compatible with vCenter Server 5.
It is recommended to use the VMware Product Interoperability Matrixes page for verification. Also, refer to the table 4-6 in the Supported Database Upgrades section at page 51 in the vSphere 5.1 Upgrade guide for a complete list of supported database upgrades, available at the following link:
http://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-51/topic/com.vmware.ICbase/PDF/vsphere-esxi-vcenter-server-51-upgrade-guide.pdf
Tip
The vCenter installation cannot be rolled back. So if the database is modified during a failed vCenter server installation, there is no going back. Thus, it is a good practice to back up the vCenter database before executing the installer. And, if you have vCenter installed on a VM, then you can back up the entire VM as well.
Backing up the SSL certificates
Make sure that you back up the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates from the folder:
Enabling SSL certificate verification
By enabling SSL certificate verification, the vCenter Server will verify the validity of the SSL certificates of the ESX servers, when establishing SSL connections with them.
It can be enabled at the vCenter Server by navigating to Administration | vCenter Server Settings | SSL Settings, and selecting the vCenter requires verified host SSL certificates checkbox.
Uninstalling the non-default software and plugins
Since older versions of vCenter plugins will not be compatible with vCenter 5.1, it is recommended that you uninstall the non-default software and its corresponding plugins installed on the vCenter Server machine using Add/Remove Programs prior to the upgrade.
The non-default software and plugins include:
These plugins can be installed and re-enabled once their corresponding software versions are upgraded.
Performing an in-place upgrade of vCenter Server
An in-place upgrade can be performed only if the previous version of vCenter is already running on a 64-bit machine. If the previous version of vCenter is running on a 32-bit machine then you should migrate the vCenter Server's data using the vSphere Data Migration tool.
Only three releases of vCenter Server are eligible for an in-place upgrade:
Here is a list of supported 64-bit operating systems vCenter 5.1 can be installed on:
Note
Starting with vCenter 5.0, Microsoft® Windows XP is no longer supported to host a vCenter Server. Hence, vCenter 5.1 also doesn't support it.
With vCenter 5.1, we now have more than one component involved in the vCenter Server configuration:
vCenter Server and the vCenter Single Sign On component's hardware requirements are as follows:
The vCenter Inventory Service component's hardware requirements are as follows:
Tip
If the vCenter Single Sign On, Inventory Service, and vCenter Server components are installed on the same machine, then the recommended memory is 10 GB.
The vCenter Server installation bundle can be downloaded from VMware vSphere's downloads page, available at the following link:
https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/info/slug/datacenter_cloud_infrastructure/vmware_vsphere/5_1
The download item will be listed as VMware vCenter Server 5.1.0 and modules, which is available in both ISO and ZIP archives.
Once done, run the AutoRun.exe file, which should bring up the VMware vCenter installer's home screen.
How to do it...
In this section, I will show you how to perform an in-place upgrade of the vCenter Server. This process requires a downtime of the vCenter Server but the VMs hosted on the ESX server will continue to run. It is important that you read the Carrying out pre-upgrade checks before performing a vCenter upgrade recipe, before you proceed:
For instructions on creating a table space refer to the Creating a table space for SSO on a SQL Instance recipe. Once the table space has been created, click on Next to continue.
Next on the Database Information
