Applying the ADA E-Book

Marcela A. Rhoads

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 320

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

A guide to real-world applications of The 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design Applying the ADA helps architects and developers understand better how the rules for eliminating barriers in the built environment apply to everyday life and how to best implement them in the design and construction of a broad variety of buildings and facilities. By showing how The 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design have been applied in various contexts and building types, this extensively illustrated guide helps readers quickly understand the requirements of the standards and how to apply them to both new construction and renovation. Written by an architect who consults regularly on accessibility issues for design professionals, building owners, and facility managers, this user-friendly guide features 100 photos and 150 drawings that take the guesswork out of applying the standards to real-world projects. Building types covered include: * Healthcare and senior living facilities and hospitals * College and university facilities * Elementary and high schools * Hotels and other transient lodging facilities * Amusement parks and play areas * Historic preservation and remodels * Retail and office spaces Applying the ADA is an indispensable resource for architects, interior designers, owners, developers, and facility managers. It is also important reading for students of architecture and interior design.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Acknowledgments

Introduction

HISTORY

SUMMARY

chapter 1: General Guidelines

GENERAL GUIDELINES

BUILDING BLOCKS

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

GENERAL SITE

ACCESSIBLE ENTRANCES

PLUMBING FIXTURES

COMMUNICATION FEATURES

SUMMARY

Chapter 2: Retail and Mixed-Use Facilities

INTRODUCTION

SHOPPING MALLS

STRIP SHOPPING CENTER

LIFESTYLE CENTER

SUMMARY

Chapter 3: Primary Education

INTRODUCTION

ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS

GENERAL APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN AREAS

TOILET ROOMS AND ELEMENTS

RAMPS AND STAIRS

ASSEMBLY AREAS

OUTDOOR PLAY AREAS

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

SUMMARY

Chapter 4: Secondary and PostSecondary Education

INTRODUCTION

ACCESSIBLE SITES AND PARKING

GENERAL ACCESSIBLE AREAS

ASSEMBLY AREAS

LIBRARIES

PHYSICAL EDUCATION FACILITIES

SWIMMING POOLS

OTHER SPECTATOR SPORTS AREAS

DINING FACILITIES

ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS

HOUSING AT A PLACE OF EDUCATION

SUMMARY

Chapter 5: Hospitality

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY

Chapter 6: Healthcare and Senior Living Communities

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL GUIDELINES

SUMMARY

Chapter 7: Amusement Parks and Play Areas

SITE ARRIVAL

PLAY AREAS

SUMMARY

Chapter 8: Historic Preservation and Remodels

ALTERATIONS

ENTRANCES

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE

PATH OF TRAVEL ELEMENTS

TENANT FINISH-OUTS

ALTERATIONS OF MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES' PATIENT ROOMS

ALTERATIONS OF TRANSIENT LODGING SLEEPING ROOMS

ALTERATIONS OF HOLDING CELLS

ALTERATIONS OF RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS

ALTERATIONS OF RESTAURANTS

ALTERATIONS OF DRESSING ROOMS AND LOCKERS ROOMS

DISPROPORTIONALITY: THE 20% RULE

SERIES OF SMALLER ALTERATIONS

SAFE HARBOR

HISTORIC FACILITIES

SUMMARY

Chapter 9: Residential Projects

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY

Chapter 10: Universal Design beyond the ADA

PRINCIPLE ONE: EQUITABLE USE

PRINCIPLE TWO: FLEXIBILITY IN USE

PRINCIPLE THREE: SIMPLE AND INTUITIVE USE

PRINCIPLE FOUR: PERCEPTIBLE INFORMATION

PRINCIPLE FIVE: TOLERANCE FOR ERROR

PRINCIPLE SIX: LOW PHYSICAL EFFORT

PRINCIPLE SEVEN: SIZE AND SPACE FOR APPROACH AND USE

SUMMARY

Appendix A: Reference Tables

CHAPTER 2 RETAIL AND MIXED-USE FACILITIES

CHAPTER 3 PRIMARY EDUCATION

CHAPTER 4 SECONDARY AND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION

CHAPTER 5 HOSPITALITY

CHAPTER 6 HEALTHCARE AND SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES

CHAPTER 7 AMUSEMENT PARKS AND PLAY AREAS

CHAPTER 8 HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND REMODELS

CHAPTER 9 RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS

Appendix B: Resources

Index

Cover Design: Anne Michele Abbott Cover Illustrations: Courtesy of Marcela Abadi Rhoads

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, [phone], fax [phone], or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, [phone], fax [phone], or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom.

For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at [phone], outside the United States at [phone] or fax [phone].

Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Rhoads, Marcela Abadi. Applying the ADA : Designing for The 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design in Multiple Building Types / Marcela Rhoads. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-1-118-02786-8 (pbk.), ISBN 978-1-118-41588-7 (ebk.); ISBN 978-1-118-41869-7 (ebk.); ISBN 978-1-118-43360-7 (ebk.) 1. Barrier-free design—United States. 2. United States. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. 3. United States. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968. I. Title. NA2545.P5R49 2013 720.87—dc23 2012049090

Acknowledgments

To be asked to write a book in one's lifetime is a great honor and achievement. But it is not often that one gets a second opportunity to write a book. I would like to thank once again my publisher John Wiley and Sons for the opportunity they gave me to write this book. I especially would like to thank Kathryn Bourgoine, her assistant, Danielle Giordano, and senior production editor Nancy Cintron for their patience and guidance. I would also like to acknowledge John Czarnecki, who had the foresight to ask me to write it.

I want to thank my wonderful husband, Dale, and my beautiful children, Linda Hannah and Jacob, for being always patient and supportive through this process.

Thank you to colleagues and contributors Wally Tirado, RAS; Jeromy Murphy, AIA, RAS; and Greg Hunteman AIA, RAS for contributing to the chapters and making this an even better book! This book also would not have been finished without the amazing assistance from Loretta Head and Janis Geleott, their hours of proofreading and editing the chapters. Lastly, I would like to thank Sara Jane Goldenberg for her clerical assistance and Celia Mendoza for her assistance with the photography and for her friendship!

To all who supported me, gave me insight, and allowed me to achieve this milestone, I'm eternally grateful.

Introduction

More than 50 million Americans have some kind of physical, sensory, cognitive, or mental disability. The building industry, including design professionals, builders, and owners, has been addressing the elimination of architectural barriers for these disabled persons for many years. In 1973, The U.S. Access Board was created. Its purpose was to develop and enforce accessibility rules and guidelines and to assist the building industry in eliminating the barriers that still exist for the disabled citizens. The Access Board helped develop guidelines that describe which buildings and facilities have to be made accessible and how to achieve that accessibility. The guidelines for federal agencies and facilities was developed and is found in The Architectural Barriers Act (ABA), which was adopted in 1968. The rules and guidelines for private and nonfederal public entities were developed after that; they are found in the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG), which were adopted in 1991 after the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. After several years of receiving public comments, and internal deliberation about the contents and application, in 2004 the Access Board combined both sets of rules and reformatted them as a new version. Six years later, the Department of Justice adopted the 2004 ADAAG as the law of the land, and renamed it wthe 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. This book will discuss the new guidelines and will explain how to apply these to new facilities as well as existing facilities.

This book will assist designers, contractors, and owners to apply the standards for their particular situation. Each chapter takes a different building type and explains how to design it using the 2010 ADA Standards. The reader will learn how to avoid certain pitfalls, which could create problems for access in the future.

HISTORY

During the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, the disabled community began to have their voices heard by the government. It all started in 1961, when the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) passed the first set of guidelines to ensure that persons with disabilities would be able to enter and use public buildings. In 1968, Congress passed the first accessibility law, The Architectural Barriers Act of 1968. This was the first effort to ensure access to the built environment. The act mandated that the ANSI guidelines be followed. Subsequent guidelines began to emerge and culminated with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990. It is undeniably the most comprehensive formulation for the rights of the people with disabilities in the history of the United States or of any other nation.

The ADA is divided into several parts called “Titles.” Title III of the ADA established design requirements for the construction or alteration of facilities. It covers facilities in the private sector (places of public accommodation and commercial facilities) and the public sector (state and local government facilities). In 1991, the Access Board published the ADAAG, which serves as the basis for rules used to enforce the law. Along with the ADAAG, the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) is another set of guidelines that requires that buildings and facilities that are designed, constructed, or altered with federal funds, or leased by a federal agency, comply with federal standards of construction for physical accessibility. ABA requirements were adopted in 1968 and set the path for a set of architectural standards called the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards, in which new and altered buildings and in newly leased facilities had to be accessible. They do not address the activities conducted in those buildings and facilities. Facilities of the U.S. Postal Service are also covered by the ABA.

The Access Board has updated its guidelines for ABA facilities jointly with the new ADA guidelines so that there are higher levels of harmonization under both laws. In the revised guidelines, both the ADA and the ABA rules are included. Not only were the two accessibility guidelines combined, but they were also formatted to more closely match the American National Standard Institute's (ANSI) format, which are the standards used by the model codes.

Facilities built or altered according to earlier versions of the ADA or ABA standards will not necessarily have to meet the new adopted version, except when they are subsequently altered or renovated. Therefore, if facilities have been built prior to the new rules, they will be accepted as they are until a new construction or renovation occurs. This is called a “safe harbor.” The Department of Justice (DOJ), which regulates requirements for existing facilities under the ADA, intends to address coverage of facilities built or altered according to the original ADA standards in its rule making to update the standards. It will also address facilities retrofitted under ADA provisions for existing facilities, such as the requirement for barrier removal in places of public accommodation.

SUMMARY

With the passage of the ADA civil rights law, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability, the disabled members of our society are able to enjoy the freedom that most other American citizens have, to hold down jobs, travel, and be more independent. Barriers in the built environment, such as stairs in front of an entrance, curbs without ramps, or lack of accessible parking, prevent citizens with disabilities from being productive members of society. The accessibility guidelines that have been put in place by the U.S. government ensures that every member of our society will have the opportunity to live and produce to the best of their abilities. This book will guide the reader to better understand how the rules to eliminate barriers in the built environment apply to everyday life and how to best implement them in the design and construction of facilities.

1

General Guidelines

by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS

GENERAL GUIDELINES

The Americans with Disabilities Act design standards established guidelines to provide accessibility to commercial buildings and public accommodation facilities. The guidelines are general in nature, and even though they address most conditions, each facility is different. This chapter will address the general guidelines that affect the building types that you will find in the remainder of the book. Many of the figures shown in this book were taken directly from the 2010 ADA Standards. As such, their dimensions and nomenclature are shown exactly the way they are depicted in the Standards. The following figure shows the way the ADA delineates dimension and gives measurements.

Figure 104 Graphic Convention for Figures

BUILDING BLOCKS

A person with disabilities occupies a certain amount of space. The space is measured both in plan and in section. A person with different disabilities uses certain equipment for either mobility or wayfinding. A person in a wheelchair will require a certain amount of space, typically 30 inches x 48 inches of floor space (see Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1: ADA Figure 305.3. Clear Floor Space Required [for wheelchairs]. The space required for a wheelchair is a minimum of 30 inches × 48 inches, and when required, it should have a slope of no greater than 2% in all directions.

If there are larger wheelchairs, such as power wheelchairs, Segways, and the like, they might even need more space. The ADA Standards are only the minimum requirements, and whenever there is an option to have more space, one should allow for that. Vertical clearances are also required, which allow for maneuvering (see Figure 1.2).

Figure 1.2a: This is a minimum width that a standard wheelchair will require.