Articulatory Phonetics E-Book

Bryan Gick

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 370

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech.

• Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation
• Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory phonetics and particular sounds of human speech, including brain anatomy and coarticulation
• Explores the most current methodologies, measurement tools, and theories in the field
• Features chapter-by-chapter exercises and a series of original illustrations which take the mystery out of the anatomy, physiology, and measurement techniques relevant to speech research
• Includes a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/articulatoryphonetics with additional exercises for each chapter and new, easy-to-understand images of the vocal tract and of measurement tools/data for articulatory phonetics teaching and research
• Password protected instructor’s material includes an answer key for the additional exercises

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Praise for Articulatory Phonetics

Title page

Copyright page

List of Figures

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I: Getting to Sounds

Chapter 1 The Speech System and Basic Anatomy

1.1 The Speech Chain

1.2 The Building Blocks of Articulatory Phonetics

1.3 The Tools of Articulatory Phonetics

Exercises

Chapter 2 Where It All Starts: The Central Nervous System

2.1 The Basic Units of the Nervous System

2.2 The Central Nervous System

2.3 Measuring the Brain: fMRI, PET, EEG, MEG, TMS

Exercises

Chapter 3 From Thought to Movement: The Peripheral Nervous System

3.1 The Peripheral Nervous System

3.2 How Muscles Move

3.3 Measuring Muscles: EMG

Exercises

Chapter 4 From Movement to Flow: Respiration

4.1 Breathing Basics

4.2 The Anatomy of Breathing

4.3 Measuring Airflow and Pressure: Pneumotachograph

4.4 Sounds

Exercises

Chapter 5 From Flow to Sound

5.1 Intrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy

5.2 Sounds: The Voice

5.3 Measuring the Vocal Folds: EGG

Exercises

Part II: Articulating Sounds

Chapter 6 Articulating Laryngeal Sounds

6.1 Extrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy

6.2 Sounds

6.3 Measuring Laryngeal Articulations: Endoscopy

Exercises

Chapter 7 Articulating Velic Sounds

7.1 Anatomy of the Velum

7.2 Sounds

7.3 Measuring the Velum: X-ray Video

Exercises

Chapter 8 Articulating Vowels

8.1 The Jaw and Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

8.2 Sounds: Vowels

8.3 Measuring Vowels: Ultrasound

Exercises

Chapter 9 Articulating Lingual Consonants

9.1 The Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

9.2 Sounds: Lingual Consonants

9.3 Measuring Lingual Consonants: Palatography and Linguography

Exercises

Chapter 10 Articulating Labial Sounds

10.1 Muscles of the Lips and Face

10.2 Sounds: Making Sense of [labial]

10.3 Measuring the Lips and Face: Point Tracking and Video

Exercises

Chapter 11 Putting Articulations Together

11.1 Coordinating Movements

11.2 Coordinating Complex Sounds

11.3 Coarticulation

11.4 Measuring the Whole Vocal Tract: Tomography

Exercises

Abbreviations Used in this Book

Muscles with Innervation, Origin, and Insertion

Index

Praise for Articulatory Phonetics

“Life has just become less lonely for Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. Gick, Wilson, and Derrick have given us a marvelous addition to the classroom, providing an authoritative description of speech articulation, an insightful and balanced guide to the theory of cognitive control of speech, and a highly readable introduction to the methods used in articulatory phonetics. All students of phonetics should study this book!”

Keith Johnson, University of California, Berkeley

“Gick, Wilson, and Derrick offer an engaging, comprehensive introduction to how articulation works and how it is investigated in the laboratory. This textbook fills an important gap in our training of phoneticians and speech scientists.”

Patrice Beddor, University of Michigan

“A rich yet approachable source of phonetic information, this new text is well structured, well designed, and full of original diagrams.”

James Scobbie, Queen Margaret University

This edition first published 2013

© 2013 Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick

Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.

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The right of Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gick, Bryan.

 Articulatory phonetics / Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick.

p. cm.

 Includes index.

 ISBN 978-1-4051-9321-4 (cloth) – ISBN 978-1-4051-9320-7 (pbk.) 1. Phonetics. 2. Speech–Physiological aspects. 3. Speech processing systems. I. Wilson, Ian, 1966– II. Derrick, Donald.

 P221.G48 2013

 414'.8–dc23

2012031381

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: Brain scan © Photodisc. Graphic of a digital sound on black bottom. © iDesign/Shutterstock. Active nerve cell © Sebastian Kaulitzki/Shutterstock.

Cover design by Nicki Averill Design

List of Figures

Figure 1.1

Feed-forward, auditory-only speech chain (image by W. Murphey and A. Yeung).

Figure 1.2

Multimodal speech chain with feedback loops (image by W. Murphey and A. Yeung).

Figure 1.3

Speech production chain; the first half (left) takes you through Part I of the book, and the second half (right) covers Part II (image by D. Derrick and W. Murphey).

Figure 1.4

Anatomy overview: full body (left), vocal tract (right) (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 1.5

Anatomical planes and spatial relationships: full body (left), vocal tract (right) (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 1.6a

Measurement Tools for Articulatory Phonetics (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 1.6b

Measurement Tools for Articulatory Phonetics (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 2.1

Central nervous system (CNS) versus peripheral nervous system: coronal view with sagittal head view (PNS) (image by A. Klenin).

Figure 2.2

A myelinated neuron (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 2.3

An action potential and its chemical reactions (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 2.4a

Gross anatomy of the brain: left side view of gyri, sulci, and lobes (image by A. Yeung).

Figure 2.4b

Gross anatomy of the brain: top view (image by E. Komova).

Figure 2.5

The perisylvian language zone of the brain: left side view (image by D. Derrick and A. Yeung).

Figure 2.6

Motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and visual cortex of the brain: left side view (image by D. Derrick and A. Yeung).

Figure 2.7

Sensory and motor homunculi: coronal view of brain (image adapted from Penfield and Rasmussen, 1950, Wikimedia Commons public domain).

Figure 2.8

Deeper structures of the brain: left side view (image by D. Derrick and A. Yeung).

Figure 2.9

Structural MRI image with fMRI overlay of areas of activation (in white): sagittal (top left), coronal (top right), transverse (bottom) (image by D. Derrick, with data from R. Watts).

Figure 3.1

Cranial nerves (left to right and top to bottom: Accessory, Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, Trigeminal, Hypoglossal, and Facial) (image by W. Murphey).

Figure 3.2

Spinal nerves: posterior view (image by W. Murphey and A. Yeung).

Figure 3.3

Muscle bundles (image by D. Derrick, from United States government public domain).

Figure 3.4

Motor unit and muscle fibers (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 3.5

Sliding filament model (image by D. Derrick).

Figure 3.6a

EMG signal of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle during startle response. On the left is the raw signal. In the center is that same raw signal rectified. On the right is the rectified image after low-pass filtering (image by D. Derrick, from data provided by C. Chiu).

Figure 3.6b

EMG signal of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle during startle response. On the left are 5 raw signals. The top-right image shows those 5 signals after they have been rectified and then averaged. The bottom-right image is after low-pass filtering (image by D. Derrick, from data provided by C. Chiu).