Basic Guide to Dental Instruments E-Book

Carmen Scheller-Sheridan

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Basic Guide Dentistry Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 115

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Basic Guide to Dental Instruments provides a working inventory of dental instrumentation in common use in dental surgeries. A clear photograph of each instrument is included, and described according to name, usage, any relevant features and varieties. Each section is dedicated to a specific discipline or division of dentistry. Complete set-ups have been included at the end of most sections for various procedures. The coverage reflects instrumentation and accessory items used in general dental practice, routine hospital dental procedures and selected specialist settings.

The author adopts a flexible approach which recognises that some instruments are multi-functional, and their names and usage can vary across dental surgeries. This approach, coupled with the range of instruments covered, makes the book an ideal 'portable' resource across general practice, hospital and a range of specialist settings. The book also highlights instruments which can be easily confused. In addition to detailing the classic sets of dental instruments, the importance of instrument care and sterilisation regimes is acknowledged.

This second edition contains an expanded chapter on instruments used in conjunction with dental implants, and illustrations have been updated throughout.

FEATURES

• Best-selling title
• Brand new chapter on instruments used in dental implantology
• Expanded chapter on dental burs
• Illustrations revised throughout

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Dedication

Acknowledgements

How to Use This Book

SECTION 1 INFECTION CONTROL IN THE DENTAL SURGERY

PROTECTIVE WEAR

WORK SURFACES

ITEMS USED FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ORGANISATION DURING STERILISATION

STERILISATION EQUIPMENT

MANUAL CLEANING AIDS

SECTION 2 DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY

CONVENTIONAL INTRA-ORAL RADIOGRAPH FILM

INDIRECT DIGITAL RADIOGRAPH FILM – PHOSPHOR PLATES

RADIOGRAPHIC ACCESSORIES AND EQUIPMENT

EXTRA-ORAL RADIOGRAPHS

SECTION 3 BASIC INSTRUMENTS

GENERAL FEATURES OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

THE BASIC DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

SECTION 4 INSTRUMENTS AND SUNDRIES USED IN MOISTURE CONTROL

SECTION 5 LOCAL ANAESTHESIA

SYRINGES, NEEDLES AND CARTRIDGES

SHARPS’ WASTE MANAGEMENT

SECTION 6 INSTRUMENTS USED FOR RUBBER DAM PLACEMENT

SECTION 7 HANDPIECES, BURS AND ROTARY ATTACHMENTS

HANDPIECES

BURS AND ROTARY ATTACHMENTS

SECTION 8 INSTRUMENTS USED IN BASIC RESTORATIVE PROCEDURES

FOR ALL RESTORATIONS

FOR AMALGAM RESTORATIONS

AMALGAM WASTE MANAGEMENT

FOR COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS

FOR ALL RESTORATIONS AGAIN

SECTION 9 MATRIX BANDS AND MATRIX RETAINERS

TOFFLEMIRE MATRIX RETAINER AND STAINLESS STEEL MATRIX BAND SET-UP

SECTIONAL MATRIX AND BITINE RING SET-UP

HAWE SUPERMAT MATRIX SET-UP

SECTION 10 INSTRUMENTS USED IN ENDODONTIC TREATMENT

ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

ENDODONTIC ACCESSORIES

SECTION 11 ELEVATORS

PARTS OF AN ELEVATOR

TYPES OF ELEVATOR

SECTION 12 EXTRACTION FORCEPS

PARTS OF EXTRACTION FORCEPS

TYPES OF EXTRACTION FORCEPS

SECTION 13 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

GENERAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

INSTRUMENTS FOR PERIODONTAL SURGERY

IMPLANTS

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

SECTION 14 MEASURING DEVICES

SECTION 15 IMPRESSION TRAYS

FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF IMPRESSION TRAYS

TYPES OF IMPRESSION TRAYS

SECTION 16 ORTHODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

ORTHODONTIC MATERIALS

ORTHODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

SECTION 17 INSTRUMENTS USED IN PERIODONTAL PROCEDURES

VARIOUS PERIODONTAL PROBES

SCALERS AND CURETTES

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

SECTION 18 INSTRUMENTS USED IN REMOVABLE AND FIXED PROSTHODONTICS

Index

This edition first published 2011

© 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

© 2011 by Carmen Scheller-Sheridan

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Scheller-Sheridan, Carmen.Basic guide to dental instruments / Carmen Scheller-Sheridan. – 2nd ed.    p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-1-4443-3532-3 (pbk.)ISBN-10: 1-4443-3532-4 (pbk.)1. Dental instruments and apparatus–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.[DNLM: 1. Dental Instruments–Handbooks. WU 49]RK681.S33 2011617.6′0028–dc23

2011021940

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

1  2011

To my dear husband, Padraig, and sweet daughter, Abigail, for all of their love and support.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the many people who supported me with this publication: Professor Noel Claffey, Professor June Nunn, Tina Gorman, Joan Brennan, Madonna Bell, Pascaline Fresneau, Una Lannon and Helen Phipps. Thank you to Dr Declan Furlong who provided me with some images and to Mr Mark Thompson for photographing many of the dental instruments.

Thank you to the following companies and people who supplied photographs:

American Eagle Instruments Inc.

Biomet 3i

DENTSPLY Ash® Instruments

Dr Declan Furlong

Dynaflex

Garrison Dental Solutions

Henry Schein Ireland

Hu-Friedy

J. Morita Europe GMBH

Kerr

Kodak

Laerdal Medical Ltd

Learning and Teaching Scotland

LM – Instruments Oy

L&R Manufacturing

Dr Anthony Maganzini

Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Plainsboro, NJ

Ormco Europe

Owandy Dental Imaging

Premier Dental Products Company

Dr Frank Quinn

Roydent Dental Products

SDI

Septodont

Sirona Dental Systems

Sybron Endo

Total Care

Ultrasonics

W&H (UK) LTD

Young Dental

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

As the dental profession evolves, there is an increasing demand for supplementary material that can keep up with advancing trends. ‘Hands on’ practical experience is essential for anyone in the dental profession, and this needs to be supplemented with written information to reinforce our practical experiences.

This illustrated manual has been prepared for students working and studying in the dental profession. It may be used as a study aid or kept in the dental surgery as a reference guide. This manual is intended to complement other methods of learning, i.e. textbooks, lecture notes, etc., and is not meant to be a comprehensive resource.

Because many dental instruments look similar, and can be confusing to a student, the ‘false friends’ sub-sections identify instruments that may resemble the particular instrument. This manual is not intended to be a complete representation of all dental instruments, but it does include examples from each dental discipline. As many dental instruments are multi-functional and are referred to by more than one name, where possible, these are given beside the name of the instrument. Complete set-ups have been included at the end of most sections for various procedures. The dental professional may have to modify these lists depending on the operator’s preference.

Each section is dedicated to a specific discipline or division of dentistry. Some instruments feature in many sections, and these have been included in the set-up sub-sections of the relevant sections. Infection control is a fundamental requirement in the dental surgery, and as such the first section is dedicated to this area. This section aims to introduce the principles of health and safety, which must always be at the forefront of a dental professional’s mind. Contact the legislative bodies for appropriate regulations and legislation relevant to your workplace.

The instruments in this guide are not to scale, and during photography some colours may have been altered.

SECTION 1

INFECTION CONTROL IN THE DENTAL SURGERY

It is the responsibility of the dental team to ensure that the appropriate and correct procedures are carried out in relation to infection control to protect the patients, the public and themselves.

Figure 1.1

PROTECTIVE WEAR

FIGURE 1.1a, b, c

Name

(a) Mask (b) Safety glasses (c) Face shields

Function, precautions and directions for use

To protect the dental team from micro-organisms, debris, splatter and chemicals

A mask is worn to protect the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. It filters out small particles

Should always be changed between each patient or before if it is visibly soiled

Should be worn during patient care, sterilisation, disinfection, cleaning procedures and during laboratory work

Safety glasses and/or face shields are worn to protect the mucous membranes of the eyes

Should be disinfected between patients

A face shield can be used instead of safety glasses, but a mask must still be worn

Should be large enough to cover the eye area completely and provide protection from the top and side. With some safety glasses additional top and side shields have to be added to be used for this purpose

Safety glasses are available to fit over prescription eye wear

Must be shatterproof

Varieties

Different types of masks and glasses available

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

FIGURE 1.2

Name

Protective gloves

Function and directions for use

To protect the dental team from direct contact with micro-organisms, debris, splatter and chemicals

Worn during patient care when coming in contact with contaminated objects and chemicals, and when working intra-orally

Always change between patients

Do not wash gloves

Replace damaged and ripped gloves immediately

Always wash and dry hands thoroughly prior to donning gloves

It is important to make sure gloves fit properly

Varieties

Made from many different materials, i.e. latex, vinyl and nitrile

Available packaged as sterile surgical gloves

Rubber utility gloves/heavy duty gloves are used during sterilisation procedures

WORK SURFACES

FIGURE 1.3a, b

Name

Non-permeable barriers

Function and features

Used to cover surfaces to prevent contamination

Must be impermeable

Single use; to be disposed of in the contaminated waste

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

ITEMS USED FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ORGANISATION DURING STERILISATION

FIGURE 1.4

Name

Coloured identification rings

Function and feature

Used to organise and identify instruments

Autoclavable

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

Coloured autoclavable tape can also be used

FIGURE 1.5a, b, c

Name

Instrument cassettes

Function(s)

Used to organise and identify instruments during sterilisation and disinfection

Can double as an instrument tray during procedures

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available, including plastic and metal types

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

FIGURE 1.6

Name

Autoclave tape

Function and features

Used to secure instrument wrap or pouches prior to sterilisation

Will change colour once exposed to a certain temperature, but this does not indicate whether sterilisation has occurred

Can be written on to indicate the contents of the package

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

FIGURE 1.7a, b

Name

Sterilisation pouch

Functions and features

Used to wrap instruments prior to sterilisation

Aids in organisation of instruments

One side may be transparent to allow for viewing of the pouch contents (

Figure 1.7a

,

b

)

Coloured markings indicate that a certain temperature has been reached during the sterilisation cycle

Instruments will remain sterile in pouch until it is punctured or opened

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

STERILISATION EQUIPMENT

FIGURE 1.8

Name

Autoclave

Function and directions for use

Uses steam under high pressure to achieve sterilisation

Follow manufacturer’s directions for use

Consult local legislation and guidelines in regard to appropriate sterilisation procedures

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

MANUAL CLEANING AIDS

FIGURE 1.9

Name

Bottle brushes

Functions, features and precautions

Manual cleaning is never recommended except when ultrasonic cleaning is not effective in removing debris

Used along with a soapy cleaner to remove debris prior to sterilisation

Allows cleaning inside suction tubes

Long handle allows a greater distance between the operator and the contaminated object

Should always be used submersed in water to reduce splatter

Always wear heavy duty utility gloves while using bottle brushes

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

FIGURE 1.10a, b

Name

Bur brushes

Function and precautions

Manual cleaning is only recommended when ultrasonic cleaning is not effective in removing debris

Used along with cleaner to remove debris prior to sterilisation

Allows for the cleaning of burs with small, hard-to-clean flutes

Always wear rubber utility gloves/heavy duty gloves while using bur brushes

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

Figure 1.11

Figure 1.12

FIGURE 1.11

Name

Ultrasonic cleaner

Function(s) and directions for use

Used along with a soapy cleaner

Uses sound waves to reduce bioburden and debris from instruments prior to sterilisation

Follow manufacturer’s instructions for solution types and length of time needed for cleaning

Varieties

Many different types and sizes available

FIGURE 1.12

Name

Assistina

Function(s) and directions for use

Uses air to run cleaning fluid solution and oil through handpieces

Used to expel debris from handpieces

Plastic cover over handpiece attachment is used to reduce aerosol

Follow manufacturer’s instructions for use

Varieties

Many different types available

SECTION 2

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY

Radiographs are important tools in the diagnosing of dental disease. There are many types of radiographs available, all of which are used for different purposes. There are two main types of dental radiographic films: intra-oral and extra-oral.

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

FIGURE 2.1a, b

Name

(a) Intra-oral X-ray machine (b) Extra-oral X-ray machine

Functions

Intra-oral X-ray machines are used for exposing occlusal, peri-apical and bite-wing radiographs

Extra-oral X-ray machines are used for exposing panoramic/OPG (orthopantomograph) radiographs and cephalometric radiographs

Varieties

Machines from different manufacturers may vary in design

FIGURE 2.2

Name

Lead apron and thyroid collar

Function and precautions

A lead apron and thyroid collar must be used to protect the patient from radiation during X-ray procedures

The lead apron is used with a thyroid collar that must cover the radio-sensitive tissues (from the thyroid downwards and including the lap area)

The lead apron must be hung up, not folded because folding the apron will cause the lead inside to crack, causing radiation to pass through

Varieties

Different styles available from various manufacturers

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

CONVENTIONAL INTRA-ORAL RADIOGRAPH FILM

FIGURES 2.3; 2.4

A detailed radiograph film, which is exposed while in the patient’s mouth

Used in conjunction with a film holder for accurate placement

Some films may be covered in a clear plastic sleeve for infection control and prevention purposes (see

Figure 2.4

)

Every film has a bump to assist in film orientation

The bump always faces towards the X-ray tube

Inside the film packet: