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- Herausgeber: tredition
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Serie: Dental Resins - Material Science & Technology
- Sprache: Englisch
Resin materials are broadly used in dentistry for almost all indications, and they will gain even more importance in the future. Especially, the increasing performance and efficiency of the CAD/CAM technology and 3D-printing open possibilities to use resins not used up to now in dentistry. Besides dentists, dental students or dental technicians, there are many other specialists such as researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines who are technically engaged in dental resins. The idea of this e-Book series is to present a three-level textbook consisting of "Basic Level", "Advanced Level" and "Expert Level" versions dealing with material science and technology of dental resins. Every level significantly expands the information and knowledge given by the respective preceding version. This book presents the "Basic Level" version. The "Basic Level" version especially addresses dentists, dental students, dental technicians, university teachers and all those who want to gain an overview about dental resins such as industrial developers or researchers of adjoining professional disciplines. The "Basic Level" gives a comprehensive insight into chemistry, physics, toxicology, material properties and compositions as well as the technical application of dental resins.
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Seitenzahl: 215
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021
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Cover picture: SEM picture of a rubber phase in polystyrene
4th Edition / 2nd Version
Imprint
Janda, Ralf: Basic Level of Dental Resins - Material Science & Technology
Publisher: tredition GmbH, Halenreie 40-44, D-22359 Hamburg
www.tredition.de
Copyright © 2021 by Janda, Ralf
Cover: Janda, Ralf
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright holder.
ISBN 978-3-347-37360-0 (e-Book)
In Memoriam
Queeny, Buffy & Vinny
Welcome
Shawny & Lenny
Contents
Cover
Copyright
Preface - 4th Edition / 2nd Version
Preface - 3rd Edition
Preface - 2nd Edition
Preface - Book Series
Literature/Trademarks/Other
Introduction
Abbreviations
Terms and Definitions
1 Chemistry/Polymer Chemistry
2 Radiometry
Resin Materials in Dentistry
1 Introduction
2 Modern Dental Resins
Matrix Resins
1 Introduction
2 Functional Groups and Monomer Links
3 Polyreactions
3.1 Polymerization
3.1.1 Free Radical Polymerization
3.1.2 Cationic Polymerization
3.1.3 Anionic Polymerization
3.1.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization
3.1.5 Technical Polymerization Processes
3.2 Polycondensation
3.3 Polyaddition
4 Matrix Resins According to Links
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Carbon-Carbon Link
4.3 Ester Link
4.4 Amide Link
4.5 Urethane Link
4.6 Ether Link
4.7 Siloxane Link
4.8 Sulfone Link
5 Structures and Properties of Monomers and Oligomers
6 Structures and Properties of Polymers
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Thermoplastics
6.3 Elastomers
6.4 Duromers
6.5 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Initiators and Catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Initiators
2.1 Thermal/Heat Initiators
2.2 Redox Initiators
2.3 Photoinitiators
2.3.1 Radical Photoinitiators
2.3.2 Cationic Photoinitiators
3 Catalysts
Fillers
1 Introduction
2 Organic Fillers
3 Inorganic Fillers
4 Surface Treatment of Fillers
Pigments and Dyes
1 Introduction
2 Pigments
3 Dyes
Additives
1 Introduction
2 Stabilizers
3 Antioxidants
4 UV-Stabilizers
5 Plasticizers
Physical and Chemical Properties
1 Introduction
2 Physical Properties
3 Chemical Properties
4 Aging Processes/Depolymerization
Material Testing/Standards
1 Introduction
2 Material Testing
3 Standards
Toxicology/Clinics/Standards
1 Introduction
2 Toxicology
3 Standards Laboratory Testing
4 Standards Clinical Testing
Denture Base Resins
1 Introduction
2 Classification
3 Processing Methods
3.1 Full and Partial Embedment
3.2 No Embedment
3.3 Insulation of Plaster
4 Polymethyl (meth)acrylates
4.1 Powder/Liquid Systems - Formulation
4.2 Powder/Liquid Products - Processing
4.3 Polymerizable One Component Products - Processing
5 Other Denture Base Resins - Formulation, Processing
Resin Teeth
1 Introduction
2 Formulation, Production and Processing
Denture Reline Resins
Crown and Bridge Veneer Resins
1 Introduction
2 Classification, Formulation and Processing
Resins for Provisional Crowns and Bridges
Resins for Crown and Bridge Frames
Impression Materials
1 Introduction
2 Classification, Formulation and Processing
2.1 Polysulfides
2.2 Polyethers
2.3 Polysiloxanes
2.3.1 Condensation Polysiloxanes
2.3.2 Addition Polysiloxanes
Resin-Based Filling Composites
1 Introduction
2 Classification
3 Formulation
3.1 Microfill Filling Composites
3.2 Hybrid/Micro-Hybrid Filling Composites
3.3 Compomer Filling Composites
3.4 Ormocer Filling Composites
3.5 Nanoparticle Filling Composites
3.6 Silorane Filling Composites
3.7 Bulk-Fill Filling Composites
3.8 Giomer Filling Composites
3.9 Other Resin Composites
Resin-Based Luting Composites
Enamel/Dentin Adhesives
1 Introduction
2 Classification of Enamel/Dentin Adhesives
3 Formulation and Properties
Other Dental Polymers
Light-Curing Devices
Cad/Cam Technology
1 Introduction
2 Intraoral Scanning
3 Grinding and Milling
4 3D-Printing
Literature
Index
Curriculum Vitae
Basic Level of Dental Resins - Material Science & Technology
Cover
Copyright
Preface - 4Th Edition / 2Nd Version
Curriculum Vitae
Basic Level of Dental Resins - Material Science & Technology
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Preface - 4th Edition / 2nd Version
Editorial revisions, corrections of write errors, and an optimization of the bibliography were done in the 2nd version of this e-Book.
Best regards,
Ralf
December 2023
Preface - 3rd Edition
Mistakes and errors of the 2nd Edition were corrected and several chapters, figures, and tables were improved and updated.
Best regards,
Ralf
March 2021
Preface - 2nd Edition
Mistakes and errors of the 1st Edition have been corrected, and some illustrations have been improved. The complete structure of the book has been revised and optimized. New information supplemented several chapters. An entirely new chapter about CAD/CAM technology is added.
Best regards,
Ralf
January 2020
Preface - Book Series
Resin materials are broadly used in dentistry for almost all indications, and they will gain even more importance in the future. Especially, the increasing performance and efficiency of CAD/CAM technology and 3D-printing open possibilities to use resins not used up to now for dental applications. Besides dentists, dental technicians, dental students, teachers of dental universities/schools, postgraduate students and PhD candidates, there are many other specialists such as researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines who are technically engaged in dental resins. Mainly two reasons are responsible for this interest: a) many people dealing with dentistry feel a large desire for more profound knowledge in dental resins, b) the knowledge of many specialists is requested to develop, to investigate, to test and to evaluate dental resins; c) dental resins offer very sophisticated highly developed properties so that they are also used in other disciplines for other purposes or are the base to develop tailor-made products for other non-dental applications.
The idea of this e-Book is to present a three-level textbook dealing with material science and technology of dental resins:
a) The “Basic Level” addresses students, dental technicians, teachers or all those interested in dental resins. The “Basic Level” gives a comprehensive insight into the chemistry, physics, and toxicology of dental resins and their technical application.
b) The “Advanced Level” broadens the information given by the “Basic Level” significantly and mainly addresses teachers of dental universities/schools, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines.
c) The “Expert Level” gives a very profound insight into the science of dental resins and mainly addresses scientists doing research on dental resins, industrial developers or scientists of adjoining professional disciplines who are strongly interested to become also specialists in dental resin material science. The “Expert Level” also describes the industrial processes that are used to manufacture dental resins. Furthermore, some exact formulations for some dental products are given; this includes know-how that has never been published before as far as the author knows.
Contrarily to print books, it is the great advantage of e-Books that improvements, corrections, additions, or enhancements can be done swiftly so that new improved editions can be produced and distributed rapidly and cheaply. Therefore, the e-Book is the ideal format to update the content immediately whenever errors or mistakes must be eliminated, or the scientific progress makes it necessary. It is the desired and planned scenario that the content of this e-Book will not become obsolete as fast as it usually happens with conventional print books, but will be refreshed in shorter periods of time.
Illustrations and tables will increase in number with each level. The information they give is - hopefully - clear and understandable, but certainly, they will not become prettier or colored. This is a low-cost book and everything is done keeping costs to a minimum.
The author is aware that there will be errors, inaccuracies and unclear, but hopefully no incorrect or even misleading information in the text despite all the care taken. The honorable readership is kindly asked for understanding, and the author will be truly grateful for any hints and proposals to improve the content of the book or the book at all. Therefore, every type of constructive criticism will be highly appreciated.
Having said all this, I hope you will enjoy the book, and you will get the information that is helpful and valuable for you and your work.
Many thanks and best regards,
Ralf
Literature/Trademarks/Other
Not all the literature used to write this book is specifically cited. Common dental, chemical, or material science knowledge taken from textbooks is not specifically cited in the text. Such textbooks are:
- dentistry and dental materials [1-20]
- chemistry [21-46]
- adhesives and adhesive technology [47-50]
- material science [50-52]
Furthermore, information, figures, or tables taken from the author’s sole publications are not specifically cited; these are [53-79].
Information (terms, definitions, etc.) deriving from scientific organizations is not always specifically cited; these organizations are [80-83].
Specific information given is specifically cited.
Product names are not specifically marked as registered, even if they are so. Principally, brand names are only used when they are important in connection with the described subjects. This might be the case when only one product of a specific product category is available. Apart from that, representatives of product categories presented in tables or graphics are anonymized.
Introduction
Besides metals, alloys and ceramics, plastics and resins composite are the most important material categories in all areas of life, such as engineering, electronics, building and construction industry, car industry and many other industries as well as in medicine and dentistry. In 1922, Hermann Staudinger discovered these high molecular compounds and called them macromolecules [84]. This was the start of a new, until then, unknown chemistry called polymer chemistry. The development of numerous polymeric materials and combinations thereof with other organic or inorganic substances or materials gave birth to a huge number of advanced materials with exceptional properties.
In the early years, plastics were considered to be cheap and inferior materials, but today composite resins and high-performance plastics are very valuable and indispensable in all industries. The most significant aspect of the resin materials’ breakthrough is certainly the fact that for nearly every usage custom-made, often also called tailor-made, products can be developed and finally provided. Definitely, more and more new, until now, unknown, resins, or resin composites will be tailor-made for further or today even unknown applications in the future.
Resin materials (plastics, composite plastics, composite resins, resin composites) are high molecular mass products (polymers). They are manufactured by transformation of naturally occurring or by synthesis from low molecular mass substances (monomers). These low molecular mass substances (monomers) are the smallest multiple recurring units building the high molecular mass substances (polymers). The properties of each of the resulting polymers depend on how the monomers are linked, on their chemical structure, as well as on the spatial configuration of the formed macromolecules. Polymers or macromolecules do not have an exact but an average molecular mass because the single chains building the polymer/macromolecule are growing randomly and not in a well-defined manner.
