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Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
Sprache: Englisch

Beschreibung

BUILDING SYSTEMS FOR INTERIOR DESIGNERS Make design decisions informed by technical and structural knowledge with this essential guide Professional interior design demands more than simply an understanding of aesthetic and artistic considerations; it also requires a detailed understanding of building systems and their interactions. Design decisions must account for mechanical and electrical equipment, building components, and structural elements, all of which can potentially shape a designer's work. Building Systems for Interior Designers has long stood as the key to understanding and evaluating these elements, particularly key building systems like HVAC and plumbing, and their impacts on interior design. This Fourth Edition is fully updated to fit the needs of the CIDA certified interior design program and the NCIDQ exam. The fourth edition of Building Systems for Interior Designers also includes: * Updated information on sustainable and energy-efficient design * Detailed coverage of topics including security concerns, fire safety, and designing secure spaces * Classroom supplements including sample construction documents, chapter specific discussion questions, and more Building Systems for Interior Designers is ideal for students in interior design courses and new professionals studying for NCIDQ exams.

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Leseprobe

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

PART I: THE ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, AND HEALTH AND SAFETY

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO THE BUILDING SITE AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

International Building Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Location and Transportation

Sustainable Sites

Energy and Atmosphere

Indoor Environmental Quality

Integrative Process

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

1 Environmental Conditions and the Site

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

ENERGY SOURCES

BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS

Notes

2 Designing for the Environment

INTRODUCTION

ENERGY‐EFFICIENT DESIGN

THE DESIGN PROCESS

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

3 Designing for Human Health and Safety

INTRODUCTION

HUMAN BODY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS

PART II: BUILDING COMPONENTS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO THE BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

International Building Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

4 Building Forms, Structures, and Elements

INTRODUCTION

BUILDING ENVELOPE

HEAT FLOW AND THE BUILDING ENVELOPE

INSULATION MATERIALS

BUILDING FORM

BUILDING LOADS

STRUCTURAL TYPES

CAST‐IN‐PLACE CONCRETE

MIXED STRUCTURAL TYPES

5 Floor/Ceiling Assemblies, Walls, and Stairs

INTRODUCTION

HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL UNITS

WALL SYSTEMS

STAIRS AND RAMPS

6 Windows and Doors

INTRODUCTION

WINDOWS

THERMAL TRANSMISSION

DOORS

PART III: ACOUSTICS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS

International Building Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Indoor Environmental Quality

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

7 Acoustic Design Principles

INTRODUCTION

SOUND BASICS

HEARING

SOUND SOURCES

ANNOYANCE

SOUND PATHS

NATURAL SOUND REINFORCEMENT

ABSORBED SOUND

Note

8 Architectural Acoustics

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

ACOUSTIC CODES AND STANDARDS

ACOUSTIC DESIGN

ROOM ACOUSTICS

BUILDING NOISE CONTROL

SOUND TRANSMISSION

SOUND ABSORPTION

REVERBERATION

SOUND ISOLATION

FLOOR/CEILING ASSEMBLIES

SPECIAL ACOUSTIC DEVICES

SOUND TRANSMISSION BETWEEN SPACES

IMPACT NOISE

MATERIALS AND ACOUSTICS

ACOUSTIC PRODUCTS

ACOUSTIC APPLICATIONS

OFFICES

MUSIC PERFORMANCE SPACES

AUDITORIUMS

LECTURE ROOMS

SCHOOLS

PUBLIC TOILET ROOMS

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

RESIDENTIAL ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS

ELECTRONIC SOUND SYSTEMS

PART IV: WATER AND WASTE SYSTEMS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO PLUMBING, WATER AND WASTE SYSTEMS

International Building Codes

International Plumbing Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

9 Water Supply Systems

INTRODUCTION

WATER SOURCES AND USE

WATER DISTRIBUTION

GAS SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Notes

10 Waste and Reuse Systems

INTRODUCTION

SANITARY WASTE SYSTEMS

RESIDENTIAL WASTE PIPING

LARGE‐BUILDING WASTE PIPING

TREATING AND RECYCLING WASTEWATER

SEPTIC SYSTEMS

SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS

11 Fixtures and Appliances

INTRODUCTION

BATHROOM FIXTURES

RESIDENTIAL BATHROOM DESIGN

RESIDENTIAL BATHROOM TYPES

DESIGNING PUBLIC TOILET ROOMS

APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT

RESIDENTIAL KITCHENS

LAUNDRY AREAS

COMPRESSED AIR

PART V: HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

International Mechanical Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Energy and Atmosphere

Indoor Environmental Quality

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

12 Principles of Thermal Comfort

INTRODUCTION

THERMAL COMFORT

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

METABOLISM

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

13 Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation, and Moisture Control

INTRODUCTION

INDOOR AIR QUALITY

CONTROLS FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY

INFILTRATION AND VENTILATION

HUMIDITY AND MOISTURE CONTROL

Note

14 Heating and Cooling

INTRODUCTION

MECHANICAL HEATING SYSTEMS

COOLING SYSTEMS

HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

BUILDING COMMISSIONING

PART VI: ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS

International Building Codes

International Energy Conservation Codes

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Indoor Environmental Quality

Energy and Atmosphere

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design Professional

Practicum

15 Electrical System Basics

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCES

ELECTRICITY AND SAFETY

Notes

16 Electrical Distribution

INTRODUCTION

ELECTRICAL SERVICE EQUIPMENT

INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION

WIRELESS SYSTEMS

ELECTRICAL DESIGN FOR RESIDENCES

WIRING DEVICES

ELECTRICAL LOADS

17 Lighting Systems

INTRODUCTION

LIGHT AND VISION

DAYLIGHTING

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES

LUMINAIRES

LIGHTING DESIGN APPLICATIONS

Note

PART VII: FIRE SAFETY, CONVEYANCE, SECURITY, AND COMMUNICATIONS

CODES AND REGULATIONS

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO FIRE SAFETY, CONVEYANCE, SECURITY, AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

International Building Codes

International Fire Codes

International Energy Conservation Code

International Green Construction Codes

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Innovation

NCIDQ REFERENCES

Interior Design Fundamentals

Interior Design professional

Practicum

18 Fire Safety Design

INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES

FIRE SAFETY CODES

MEANS OF EGRESS

PROTECTING THE BUILDING

MATERIALS AND FIRE PROTECTION

FIREFIGHTING

FIRE DETECTION

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

FIRE SUPPRESSION

Notes

19 Conveyance Systems

INTRODUCTION

ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS

MATERIALS HANDLING

20 Communications, Security, and Control Equipment

INTRODUCTION

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

CONTROL AND AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT

PART VIII: APPENDIX: INTEGRATION OF SYSTEMS INTO CONSTRUCTION PLANS

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

TABLE 1.1 GREENHOUSE GASES

TABLE 1.2 LAND REUSE

Chapter 2

TABLE 2.1 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

TABLE 2.2 LEED V4 RATING SYSTEMS

TABLE 2.3 OTHER SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PROGRAMS

Chapter 3

TABLE 3.1 SURPLUS BODY HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS

Chapter 4

TABLE 4.1 ROOF FORMS

TABLE 4.2 GREEN ROOF TYPES

TABLE 4.3 R‐VALUES FOR INTERIOR MATERIALS

TABLE 4.4 ENVELOPE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS

TABLE 4.5 INSULATION TYPES AND FORMS

TABLE 4.6 COMMON BUILDING STONE TYPES

TABLE 4.7 CONCRETE ADDITIVES

TABLE 4.8 PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

TABLE 4.9 PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMNS

TABLE 4.10 SAMPLE STRUCTURAL STEEL FORMS

TABLE 4.11 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE TYPES

Chapter 6

TABLE 6.1 WINDOW ORIENTATIONS IN TEMPERATE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

TABLE 6.2 TYPES OF WINDOWS

TABLE 6.3 WINDOW ORIENTATION AND GLAZING (NORTHERN HEMISPHERE)

TABLE 6.4 GLAZING MATERIALS

TABLE 6.5 DYNAMIC GLAZING SYSTEMS

TABLE 6.6 WINDOW FRAME TYPES

TABLE 6.7 STORM WINDOW TYPES

TABLE 6.8 COMPARATIVE WINDOW THERMAL RESISTANCE

TABLE 6.9 PLASTIC WINDOW FILMS

TABLE 6.10 LOW‐E COATINGS

TABLE 6.11 EXTERIOR SHADING DEVICES

TABLE 6.12 INTERIOR SHADING DEVICES

TABLE 6.13 R‐VALUES FOR EXTERIOR DOORS

Chapter 7

TABLE 7.1 SOUND POWER EXAMPLES

TABLE 7.2 SAMPLE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS

Chapter 8

TABLE 8.1 RESIDENTIAL AND OFFICE NC RATINGS

TABLE 8.2 DISCONTINUOUS FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 8.3 SAMPLE SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS

TABLE 8.4 SAMPLE NOISE REDUCTION COEFFICIENTS

TABLE 8.5 SELECTED FIBROUS MATERIALS

TABLE 8.6 TYPICAL STC VALUES FOR DOORS

TABLE 8.7 MASSIVE MATERIALS

TABLE 8.8 FLOOR FINISH IIC RATINGS

TABLE 8.9 WINDOW TREATMENT NRC RATINGS

TABLE 8.10 OTHER FINISH MATERIALS ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES

TABLE 8.11 SPEECH PRIVACY LEVELS

TABLE 8.12 OFFICE ACOUSTICS MEASUREMENTS

TABLE 8.13 RECOMMENDED STC FOR ADJACENT PARTITIONS

TABLE 8.14 RESIDENTIAL TRANSMISSION AND IMPACT RATINGS

Chapter 9

TABLE 9.1 WATER USE IN CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 9.2 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT LANDSCAPING TECHNIQUES

TABLE 9.3 HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT METHODS

TABLE 9.4 TYPES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

TABLE 9.5 HOT WATER ENERGY USE

TABLE 9.6 CLOTHES WASHER HOT WATER USE

TABLE 9.7 REPRESENTATIVE HOT WATER TEMPERATURES

TABLE 9.8 HOT WATER HEATER ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Chapter 10

TABLE 10.1 WATER GRADES IN BUILDINGS

TABLE 10.2 OTHER ON‐SITE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Chapter 11

TABLE 11.1 MINIMUM NUMBER OF SELECTED ASSEMBLY PLUMBING FACILITIES

TABLE 11.2 MINIMUM NUMBER OF SELECTED RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING FACILITIES

TABLE 11.3 WATER CLOSET, URINAL, AND BIDET DIMENSIONS

TABLE 11.4 BATHTUB MATERIALS

TABLE 11.5 BATHTUB STYLES AND SIZES

TABLE 11.6 ROLL‐IN SHOWER DIMENSIONS

TABLE 11.7 RESIDENTIAL BATHROOM TYPES

TABLE 11.8 PRELIMINARY KITCHEN APPLIANCE WIDTHS

TABLE 11.9 TYPES OF MICROWAVE APPLIANCES

TABLE 11.10 REFRIGERATOR TYPES

TABLE 11.11 TYPICAL LAUNDRY PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS

Chapter 12

TABLE 12.1 COMMON DESIGN CONDITIONS FOR COMFORT

TABLE 12.2 SAMPLE COMFORTABLE ROOM AIR TEMPERATURES

TABLE 12.3 TEMPERATURE SCALES

TABLE 12.4 TEMPERATURE DESIGNATIONS

TABLE 12.5 HUMIDITY DESIGNATIONS

TABLE 12.6 OCCUPANT REACTIONS TO AIR MOTION

TABLE 12.7 BODY HEAT PRODUCTION

TABLE 12.8 HEAT TRANSFER

TABLE 12.9 INTERACTIONS OF RADIATION WITH MATERIALS

TABLE 12.10 THERMAL RESISTANCE OF MATERIALS

Chapter 13

TABLE 13.1 COMMON INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS

TABLE 13.2 AIR FILTERS

TABLE 13.3 AIR CLEANER TYPES

TABLE 13.4 KITCHEN APPLIANCE VENTILATION

TABLE 13.5 RESIDENTIAL HOOD DIMENSIONS

TABLE 13.6 CEILING FAN SIZES

Chapter 14

TABLE 14.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION EQUIPMENT

TABLE 14.2 HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST AIR

TABLE 14.3 HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY RATING SYSTEMS

TABLE 14.4 BUILDING HEATING FUELS

TABLE 14.5 CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS

TABLE 14.6 HEATING EQUIPMENT FOR SMALLER BUILDINGS

TABLE 14.7 HOT WATER CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS

TABLE 14.8 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING COMPARISON

TABLE 14.9 RADIANT HEATING DEVICES

TABLE 14.10 TYPES OF SPACE HEATERS

TABLE 14.11 FORCED‐AIR HEATING EQUIPMENT

TABLE 14.12 FORCED‐AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

TABLE 14.13 FURNACE TYPES

TABLE 14.14 REGISTERS, DIFFUSERS, AND GRILLES

TABLE 14.15 MECHANICAL COOLING SYSTEM TYPES

TABLE 14.16 PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS (PTACS)

TABLE 14.17 OTHER COOLING EQUIPMENT

TABLE 14.18 COOLING SYSTEM CATEGORIES

TABLE 14.19 ALL‐AIR HVAC SYSTEMS

TABLE 14.20 ALL‐WATER HVAC SYSTEMS

TABLE 14.21 BASIC HVAC SYSTEM TASKS

TABLE 14.22 HVAC DELIVERY FUNCTIONS AND DEVICES

Chapter 16

TABLE 16.1 ELECTRICAL LOAD TYPES

TABLE 16.2 OFFICE CONVENIENCE OUTLET REQUIREMENTS

TABLE 16.3 EXPOSED INSULATED CABLE TYPES

TABLE 16.4 RACEWAY INSTALLATIONS

TABLE 16.5 BUSWAY, BUSDUCT, CABLEBUS, AND BUSBAR

TABLE 16.6 FLAT‐CABLE ASSEMBLIES

TABLE 16.7 CONDUIT TYPES

TABLE 16.8 EMERGENCY SYSTEMS

TABLE 16.9 RESIDENTIAL BRANCH CIRCUIT DESIGN GUIDELINES

TABLE 16.10 WIRING DEVICE GRADES

TABLE 16.11 SWITCH TYPES

TABLE 16.12 RESIDENTIAL KITCHEN EQUIPMENT

TABLE 16.13 ELECTRIC COOKTOP HEATING ELEMENTS

TABLE 16.14 RESIDENTIAL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT

TABLE 16.15 RESIDENTIAL LIVING‐AREA EQUIPMENT

TABLE 16.16 RESIDENTIAL UTILITIES

Chapter 17

TABLE 17.1 RECOMMENDED LIGHTING LEVELS

TABLE 17.2 CODES AND STANDARDS RELATED TO LIGHTING

TABLE 17.3 MAXIMUM LUMINANCE RATIOS FOR COMFORT

TABLE 17.4 LIGHTING UNITS

TABLE 17.5 MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED BRIGHTNESS RATIOS

TABLE 17.6 VISUAL ACUITY FACTORS

TABLE 17.7 CRI RATINGS

TABLE 17.8 IES RECOMMENDED ILLUMINANCE TARGETS IN FC

TABLE 17.9 MINIMIZING DIRECT GLARE

TABLE 17.10 DAYLIGHT FACTORS

TABLE 17.11 EFFICACY OF ELECTRICAL LIGHT SOURCES

TABLE 17.12 COLOR TEMPERATURES

TABLE 17.13 LAMP TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS

TABLE 17.14 LAMP SHAPE IDENTIFIERS

TABLE 17.15 FLUORESCENT LAMPS

TABLE 17.16 FLUORESCENT LAMP COLORS

TABLE 17.17 TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

TABLE 17.18 LIGHTING SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION TYPES

TABLE 17.19 CEILING FIXTURE MOUNTING HEIGHTS

TABLE 17.20 OCCUPANCY SENSORS

TABLE 17.21 EMERGENCY LIGHTING

TABLE 17.22 RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING TYPES

TABLE 17.23 RETAIL LIGHTING

Chapter 18

TABLE 18.1 BUILDING COMPONENTS AND FIRE SAFETY

TABLE 18.2 SELECTED NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

TABLE 18.3 OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS

TABLE 18.4 EVACUATION CODE PROVISIONS FOR LOW‐RISE BUILDINGS

TABLE 18.5 SAMPLE NUMBER OF EXITS FOR MULTISTORY BUILDING

TABLE 18.6 FIRE‐SAFETY MATERIALS TERMINOLOGY

TABLE 18.7 FINISH AND FURNITURE TESTS

TABLE 18.8 INTERIOR FINISH RATINGS

TABLE 18.9 COMMERCIAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

TABLE 18.10 FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTORS

TABLE 18.11 BASIC MULTI‐UNIT RESIDENTIAL ALARM SYSTEMS

TABLE 18.12 ALARM SYSTEM CODING

TABLE 18.13 SPRINKLER HEAD TYPES

TABLE 18.14 WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM TYPES

TABLE 18.15 OTHER FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

TABLE 18.16 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Chapter 19

TABLE 19.1 ELEVATOR AND ESCALATOR CODES AND STANDARDS

TABLE 19.2 2010 ADA MINIMUM ELEVATOR CAR DIMENSIONS

TABLE 19.3 ELEVATOR PARTS

TABLE 19.4 ELEVATOR MACHINE TYPES

TABLE 19.5 ELEVATOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPECIFIC OCCUPANCIES

TABLE 19.6 ESCALATOR COMPONENTS

TABLE 19.7 STANDARD ESCALATOR WIDTHS AND SIZES

TABLE 19.8 ESCALATOR FIRE PROTECTION

TABLE 19.9 MATERIALS HANDLING SYSTEMS

Chapter 20

TABLE 20.1 SIGNAL SYSTEM TYPES

TABLE 20.2 BASIC SIGNAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

TABLE 20.3 COMMUNICATIONS CABLES

TABLE 20.4 INTRUSION DETECTORS

TABLE 20.5 HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Roman residence

Figure 1.2 Natural catastrophe events worldwide 1980–2018

Figure 1.3 George Frederick Keck “House of Tomorrow,” 1933

Figure 1.4 Sun's path through the atmosphere

Figure 1.5 Electromagnetic spectrum

Figure 1.6 Sun angles in northern latitudes

Figure 1.7 Sun angles in tropical latitudes

Figure 1.8 Wind turbine, 1930s

Figure 1.9 Wind turbine today

Figure 1.10 Water‐powered machinery for boring gun barrels

Figure 1.11 Early nineteenth‐century Bradley coal mine, Staffordshire, Engla...

Figure 1.12 Pioneer dugout home near McCook, Nebraska, 1890s

Figure 1.13 House for temperate climate, 1930s

Figure 1.14 Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, 1880

Figure 1.15 Treehouses in Buyay, Mount Clarence, New Guinea

Figure 1.16 Building use layers

Figure 1.17 Building setbacks

Figure 1.18 Connecting interior to outdoors

Figure 1.19 Wind barrier

Figure 1.20 Deciduous shade tree in summer

Figure 1.21 Deciduous shade tree in winter

Figure 1.22 Trellis with vine

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Trombe wall

Figure 2.2 Locating functions for daylighting

Figure 2.3 Perimeter and interior building zones

Figure 2.4 Project team

Figure 2.5 Integrated design

Figure 2.6 Regenerative design

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Activity and body heat

Figure 3.2 Sedentary metabolic rates

Figure 3.3 Skin and sweat glands

Figure 3.4 Body heat loss areas

Figure 3.5 Body heat loss by type

Figure 3.6 Clothing and climate

Figure 3.7 Oxygen in air

Figure 3.8 Movement

Figure 3.9 Lead in homes (EPA data)

Figure 3.10 Asbestos

Figure 3.11 UL label

Figure 3.12

2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Sod house, Anselmo, Nebraska

Figure 4.2 Traditional Arab tent

Figure 4.3 Sioux tipi

Figure 4.4 Building envelope

Figure 4.5 Sample exterior wall section

Figure 4.6 Load‐bearing wall

Figure 4.7 Curtain wall

Figure 4.8 Roof terminology

Figure 4.9 Green roof

Figure 4.10 Thermal bridge through metal stud wall

Figure 4.11 Thermal bridge through wood stud wall

Figure 4.12 Interior of adobe house, Pie Town, New Mexico, 1940

Figure 4.13 Blower‐door test

Figure 4.14 Where to insulate a house

Figure 4.15 Insulating basement walls

Figure 4.16 Masonry wall air space

Figure 4.17 Loose‐fill insulation

Figure 4.18 Batt insulation

Figure 4.19 Rigid insulation

Figure 4.20 Exterior insulating shutter

Figure 4.21 Superstructure and foundation

Figure 4.22 Footings spread load

Figure 4.23 Cast‐in‐place concrete foundation

Figure 4.24 Compression, deflection, tension

Figure 4.25 Wood beam types

Figure 4.26 Stone beams and column, Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts,...

Figure 4.27 Steel beam shapes

Figure 4.28 Reinforced‐concrete beam

Figure 4.29 Truss

Figure 4.30 Lintel transferring load around opening

Figure 4.31 Masonry arch, Shaker Church Family Dwelling House, Enfield, New ...

Figure 4.32 Roman arch

Figure 4.33 Corbelled arch

Figure 4.34 Barrel vault

Figure 4.35 Groin vault

Figure 4.36 Interior of dome, Hudson County Courthouse, Jersey City, New Jer...

Figure 4.37 Cantilevers

Figure 4.38 Buckling column

Figure 4.39 Pilasters, county courthouse, Springfield, Ohio

Figure 4.40 Lateral stability

Figure 4.41 Shear

Figure 4.42 Service core layouts

Figure 4.43 Plan with service core

Figure 4.44 Platform framing

Figure 4.45 Light‐gauge steel framing

Figure 4.46 Masonry terms

Figure 4.47 Sample masonry bond patterns

Figure 4.48 Sample concrete masonry unit shapes

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Space between floor and ceiling

Figure 5.2 Suspended ceiling system

Figure 5.3 Panel ceiling system

Figure 5.4 Precast concrete floor elements

Figure 5.5 Concrete slab joints

Figure 5.6 Wood floor framing

Figure 5.7 Steel floor deck and steel beams

Figure 5.8 Stairway form

Figure 5.9 Stair parts

Figure 5.10 Risers, treads, and nosings

Figure 5.11 ADA handrail projection and clearance

Figure 5.12 Floor framing for stair

Figure 5.13 Straight‐run stair

Figure 5.14 Quarter‐turn stair

Figure 5.15 Half‐turn stair

Figure 5.16 Winding stair

Figure 5.17 Curved stair

Figure 5.18 Spiral stair

Figure 5.19 Spiral stair designed by Frank Gehry, Stata Center, Massachusett...

Figure 5.20 Steel stair

Figure 5.21 Concrete stair

Figure 5.22 Ramp

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Window parts

Figure 6.2 Windows on Jason Russell house, Arlington, Massachusetts, 1740

Figure 6.3 Casement windows

Figure 6.4 Jalousie window

Figure 6.5 Awning windows

Figure 6.6 Hopper window

Figure 6.7 Fixed window section

Figure 6.8 Glazing and heat flow

Figure 6.9 Acoustic window

Figure 6.10 Solar heat control window

Figure 6.11 Roman shade

Figure 6.12 Thermal shade

Figure 6.13 Operable skylight

Figure 6.14 Clerestories above bookcase

Figure 6.15 Tubular daylight device

Figure 6.16 Roof monitor window

Figure 6.17 ADA doors in series

Figure 6.18 ADA clear width of doorways

Figure 6.19 ADA front approaches

Figure 6.20 ADA hinge approaches

Figure 6.21 ADA latch approaches

Figure 6.22 Door types

Figure 6.23 Pocket, surface, and bypass sliding door plans

Figure 6.24 Wood panel door

Figure 6.25 Revolving door

Figure 6.26 Sidelight and transom

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Sound wave

Figure 7.2 Formation of a sound wave

Figure 7.3 Structure of the ear

Figure 7.4 Decibel levels

Figure 7.5 Hearing protection

Figure 7.6 Reflected sound

Figure 7.7 Reverberation

Figure 7.8 Diffusion from a convex surface

Figure 7.9 Diffraction

Figure 7.10 Highway noise barrier

Figure 7.11 Flutter

Figure 7.12 Focusing

Figure 7.13 Creep

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 International symbol of access for hearing loss

Figure 8.2 Acoustic fields

Figure 8.3 Quieting equipment

Figure 8.4 Sound passing through partition

Figure 8.5 Structure‐borne sound

Figure 8.6 Vibration and structure‐borne sound

Figure 8.7 Factors affecting transmission loss

Figure 8.8 Wall construction STC samples

Figure 8.9 Less than full height partitions

Figure 8.10 Background sound in adjoining space

Figure 8.11 Acoustical batt insulation

Figure 8.12 Sound waves striking barriers

Figure 8.13 Installation of absorptive materials

Figure 8.14 Resilient furring channel

Figure 8.15 Staggered‐stud partition plan

Figure 8.16 Insulation above suspended ceiling

Figure 8.17 Flanking paths

Figure 8.18 Acoustic door sweep

Figure 8.19 Acoustic door seal with magnet

Figure 8.20 Acoustic door jamb seals

Figure 8.21 Sound locks

Figure 8.22 Arrangement of doors on a corridor

Figure 8.23 Solid‐core door

Figure 8.24 Interior brick and concrete wall, Stata Center, Massachusetts In...

Figure 8.25 Gypsum wallboard partition with openings

Figure 8.26 Acoustic ceiling tiles

Figure 8.27 Suspended ceiling grid

Figure 8.28 Plenum air return with perforated metal panel

Figure 8.29 Perforated metal pan ceiling pan

Figure 8.30 Linear metal ceiling

Figure 8.31 Wood perforated acoustic panels over sound‐absorbing backing...

Figure 8.32 Acoustical ceiling panel edge support

Figure 8.33 Acoustic cloud installation

Figure 8.34 Oval acoustic canopies

Figure 8.35 Curved acoustic canopies

Figure 8.36 Basement acoustic finish

Figure 8.37 Floating floor

Figure 8.38 Sound in open office

Figure 8.39 Sound masking equipment

Figure 8.40 Auditorium adjustable sound treatments

Figure 8.41 Home theater plan

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 US freshwater withdrawals, 2015

Figure 9.2 Residential water uses

Figure 9.3 Hydrologic cycle

Figure 9.4 Gutter

Figure 9.5 Ice dam

Figure 9.6 Antique well pump

Figure 9.7 Public water supply

Figure 9.8 Water main and meter

Figure 9.9 Water shutoff cover

Figure 9.10 Water supply system

Figure 9.11 Masonry wall with furring for plumbing

Figure 9.12 Pipe chase

Figure 9.13 How the weight of water above an opening increases the pressure ...

Figure 9.14 Roman bath, Bath, England

Figure 9.15 Plumber opening trap

Figure 9.16 Pipe insulation

Figure 9.17 Branch lines to fixtures

Figure 9.18 Value types

Figure 9.19 Vacuum breaker

Figure 9.20 Water hammer shock arrestor

Figure 9.21 Heat exchanger for shower

Figure 9.22 Solar water heater

Figure 9.23 Storage tank water heater

Figure 9.24 Gas tankless water heater

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Storm drain cover, Boston, Massachusetts

Figure 10.2 Waste drain system

Figure 10.3 Cast iron pipe

Figure 10.4 Plastic waste pipe

Figure 10.5 Trap

Figure 10.6 Sink without fixture vent

Figure 10.7 Sink with fixture vent

Figure 10.8 Waste stack and vent stack

Figure 10.9 Floor drain

Figure 10.10 Grease trap

Figure 10.11 Back‐to‐back plumbing wall

Figure 10.12 Island sink

Figure 10.13 Wet column

Figure 10.14 Septic tank

Figure 10.15 Greenhouse ecosystem

Figure 10.16 Residential solid waste storage

Figure 10.17 Section cut for piping detail

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Victorian commodes

Figure 11.2 Water fixture plumbing

Figure 11.3 Wheelchair accessible toilet compartment

Figure 11.4 Ambulatory accessible toilet compartment

Figure 11.5 ADA rear wall grab bar at water closet

Figure 11.6 Pressure‐assisted flushing system

Figure 11.7 Toilet bowl and tank

Figure 11.8 Composting toilet

Figure 11.9 Waterless urinal

Figure 11.10 Residential waterless urinal

Figure 11.11 Bidet

Figure 11.12 Antique washstand with slide‐out commode

Figure 11.13 Pedestal lavatory

Figure 11.14 Vessel lavatory

Figure 11.15 Concrete ramp lavatory

Figure 11.16 Ceramic lavatories

Figure 11.17 Kitchen sink with drainboard

Figure 11.18 Farmhouse style kitchen sink

Figure 11.19 Centerset faucet

Figure 11.20 Center hole faucet

Figure 11.21 Antique bathtubs

Figure 11.22 2010 ADA bathtub clearances

Figure 11.23 ADA grab bars for bathtubs with permanent seats

Figure 11.24 ADA grab bars for bathtubs with removable seats

Figure 11.25 ADA bathtub controls location elevation

Figure 11.26 Elevation of ADA roll‐in shower wall control locations...

Figure 11.27 ADA roll‐in shower with seat control locations

Figure 11.28 Corner Bath

Figure 11.29 Alcove bath

Figure 11.30 Drop‐in bath

Figure 11.31 ADA transfer‐type shower minimum dimensions

Figure 11.32 Standard ADA roll‐in shower

Figure 11.33 Shower drains

Figure 11.34 Steam room

Figure 11.35 ADA drinking fountain spout location

Figure 11.36 Laundry equipment clearances

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Draft sensitivity

Figure 12.2 Touch and heat conduction

Figure 12.3 Body heat loss

Figure 12.4 Maxwell's teacup

Figure 12.5 Conduction

Figure 12.6 Convection in a heated fluid

Figure 12.7 Sunlight reflected at angle of incidence

Figure 12.8 Black surface absorbs sunlight

Figure 12.9 Radiation

Figure 12.10 Heat transfer between objects

Figure 12.11 Sunspace

Figure 12.12 Emittance

Figure 12.13 Evaporation

Figure 12.14 Thermal capacity of materials

Figure 12.15 Mud building in Sahara desert, Agadez, Niger

Figure 12.16 Amazon indigenous building, Peru

Figure 12.17 Danish vernacular house

Figure 12.18 A‐frame ski lodge

Figure 12.19 Earth‐sheltered highway rest area, Ohio

Figure 12.20 Heat is conducted more rapidly through metal pan than through m...

Figure 12.21 HVAC horizontal and vertical zoning

Figure 12.22 Heat losses (−) and heat gains (+) in a residence

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 Bathroom ventilation

Figure 13.2 Electrostatic air filter

Figure 13.3 Room air cleaner

Figure 13.4 Flat or panel filter

Figure 13.5 HEPA filter

Figure 13.6 Natural ventilation

Figure 13.7 Airflow pressures around building

Figure 13.8 Convective ventilation

Figure 13.9 Solar chimney

Figure 13.10 Sections showing corridors and cross ventilation

Figure 13.11 Sealing attic air leaks

Figure 13.12 Roof ventilators

Figure 13.13 Displacement ventilation

Figure 13.14 Range hood front view

Figure 13.15 Range hood side view

Figure 13.16 Kitchen downdraft ventilation system

Figure 13.17 LED ceiling fan

Figure 13.18 Whole‐house fan

Figure 13.19 Exhaust ventilation system

Figure 13.20 Supply ventilation system

Figure 13.21 Balanced ventilation system

Figure 13.22 Energy recovery ventilator

Figure 13.23 Thermal gradient

Figure 13.24 Without vapor barrier

Figure 13.25 With vapor barrier

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Centralized HVAC system

Figure 14.2 Air‐to‐air heat exchanger

Figure 14.3 Heat pipe heat exchanger

Figure 14.4 Energy transfer wheel

Figure 14.5 Hot‐water heating system

Figure 14.6 Steam boiler

Figure 14.7 Electric toe‐kick heater

Figure 14.8 One‐pipe hydronic system

Figure 14.9 Two‐pipe hydronic system

Figure 14.10 Active solar heating system

Figure 14.11 Fireplace and chimney section

Figure 14.12 Wood‐burning stove

Figure 14.13 Masonry heater

Figure 14.14 Radiant floor mat with tubing

Figure 14.15 Towel warmer

Figure 14.16 Baseboard convector

Figure 14.17 Recessed floor unit heater

Figure 14.18 Recessed wall unit heater

Figure 14.19 Heater below cabinet

Figure 14.20 Cast iron radiator

Figure 14.21 Wall panel radiator

Figure 14.22 Exposed baseboard fin‐tube convector

Figure 14.23 Forced‐air heating system

Figure 14.24 Registers

Figure 14.25 Diffusers

Figure 14.26 Grille

Figure 14.27 Compressive refrigeration cooling cycle

Figure 14.28 Absorption refrigeration cycle

Figure 14.29 Evaporative cooler

Figure 14.30 Unit air conditioner

Figure 14.31 Heat pump summer cooling

Figure 14.32 Heat pump winter heating

Figure 14.33 Underfloor air distribution

Figure 14.34 Fan‐coil unit

Figure 14.35 Programmable thermostat

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 Pearl Street generating station, 1882

Figure 15.2 Sample interior design power plan

Figure 15.3 Electrons in atom

Figure 15.4 Electrical circuit

Figure 15.5 Short circuit

Figure 15.6 Direct current

Figure 15.7 Electrical transmission substation

Figure 15.8 Percentages of 2021 US electrical energy generation by source...

Figure 15.9 Photovoltaic system

Figure 15.10 Photovoltaic cell

Figure 15.11 Solar panel

Figure 15.12 Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) in the North Sea off the co...

Figure 15.13 A Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) turbine on the Gas...

Figure 15.14 Fuel cell

Figure 15.15 Grounding

Figure 15.16 Fuses

Figure 15.17 Circuit breakers

Figure 15.18 Ground‐fault circuit interrupter

Figure 15.19 Surge protector

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 Typical electrical plan symbols

Figure 16.2 Electrical power distribution system

Figure 16.3 Electrical service

Figure 16.4 Watt/hour meter

Figure 16.5 Electrical panelboard

Figure 16.6 Branch circuits

Figure 16.7 Nonmetallic sheathed Romex

cable

Figure 16.8 Armored BX cable

Figure 16.9 Busduct

Figure 16.10 Flat cable

Figure 16.11 Conduit

Figure 16.12 Typical residential electrical power plan

Figure 16.13 IRC 2018 residential electrical receptacle locations

Figure 16.14 Recommended switch and outlet heights

Figure 16.15 IRC countertop receptacles

Figure 16.16 Junction boxes

Figure 16.17 Wall plug

Figure 16.18 Duplex convenience receptacle wiring

Figure 16.19 Wall switch types

Figure 16.20 EnergyGuide label

Figure 16.21 Office kitchen

Figure 16.22 Office kitchen electrical rough‐in

Figure 16.23 Medieval kitchen

Figure 16.24 Information needed for cooktop installation

Figure 16.25 Gas connection for stove and oven

Figure 16.26 Oven cabinets

Figure 16.27 Single shutoff lever for washer

Figure 16.28 Residential electricity use

Figure 16.29 Comparative appliance energy use

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 Gas lamp

Figure 17.2 1 footcandle (FC) and 1 lux

Figure 17.3 Task lighting

Figure 17.4 Ambient lighting

Figure 17.5 Sparkle of a chandelier

Figure 17.6 ADA limits of protruding objects

Figure 17.7 Light meter

Figure 17.8 Human eye

Figure 17.9 Approximate color temperatures of common light sources

Figure 17.10 Fields of vision

Figure 17.11 Glare zones

Figure 17.12 Reflected glare optimal position

Figure 17.13 Bilateral daylighting

Figure 17.14 Light shelf

Figure 17.15 Window proportions for daylighting

Figure 17.16 Skylights

Figure 17.17 Heliostat

Figure 17.18 Typical interior design electrical and lighting plan

Figure 17.19 Electromagnetic spectrum

Figure 17.20 Common incandescent lamp bulb shapes

Figure 17.21 Tungsten‐halogen lamp shapes

Figure 17.22 Compact fluorescent lamps

Figure 17.23 Metal halide lamp

Figure 17.24 LED

Figure 17.25 Parabolic reflector

Figure 17.26 Fiber optic lighting system

Figure 17.27 Cove lighting

Figure 17.28 Cornice lighting

Figure 17.29 Valance lighting

Figure 17.30 Cove lighting around recessed coffer

Figure 17.31 Ceiling valance with louvers

Figure 17.32 Lighting distribution types

Figure 17.33 Recessed fixtures

Figure 17.34 Track‐mounted fixtures

Figure 17.35 Passive infrared occupancy sensors

Figure 17.36 Ultrasonic occupancy sensors

Figure 17.37 LED emergency lighting fixture

Figure 17.38 Typical US exit sign

Figure 17.39 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) exit sign ...

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 Thermal mass around wood‐burning stove

Figure 18.2 Leading causes of fires in homes

Figure 18.3 Firefighting ladder

Figure 18.4 Fire triangle

Figure 18.5 Means of egress components

Figure 18.6 Exit access

Figure 18.7 Aisle access

Figure 18.8 Floor‐level exit sign location

Figure 18.9 Exit stair

Figure 18.10 Area of refuge near stairway

Figure 18.11 Area of refuge near elevator lobby

Figure 18.12 Curtain board

Figure 18.13 Horizontal exit

Figure 18.14 Fire‐resistant steel column assemblies

Figure 18.15 Column with spray‐on fire protection

Figure 18.16 Section showing firewalls and fire‐resistant floors

Figure 18.17 Door closer

Figure 18.18 Fire‐exit hardware

Figure 18.19 Wired glass

Figure 18.20 Glass block

Figure 18.21 Safety glazing limits

Figure 18.22 Automatic smoke ventilation hatch

Figure 18.23 Smoke detector

Figure 18.24 Flame detector

Figure 18.25 Heat detector

Figure 18.26 Fire alarm manual pull station

Figure 18.27 Audible and visual fire alarm

Figure 18.28 Sprinkler clearances

Figure 18.29 Sprinkler system

Figure 18.30 Sprinkler supply pipes

Figure 18.31 Interior Siamese connection

Figure 18.32 Pendant and upright sprinkler heads

Figure 18.33 Sidewall sprinkler head

Figure 18.34 Standpipe access panel

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 Medieval elevator design

Figure 19.2 Accessible elevator cab dimensions, centered door

Figure 19.3 Accessible elevator cab dimensions, side (off‐centered) door...

Figure 19.4 Electric elevator section

Figure 19.5 ADA 2010 elevator hall signals

Figure 19.6 Residential elevator

Figure 19.7 LU/LA elevator (new construction)

Figure 19.8 Inclined platform lift on stair

Figure 19.9 Chair lift

Figure 19.10 Vertical platform lift

Figure 19.11 Glass‐enclosed elevator

Figure 19.12 Parts of an escalator

Figure 19.13 Spiral crisscross escalators

Figure 19.14 Parallel stacked escalators

Figure 19.15 Moving walk

Figure 19.16 Dumbwaiter

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 Signal device symbols

Figure 20.2 Category 5e and 6 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable

Figure 20.3 Coaxial cable

Figure 20.4 Fiber optic cable

Figure 20.5 Wiring on the ceiling

Figure 20.6 Access floor data cables

Figure 20.7 Signal cabling raceway

Figure 20.8 Active ultrasonic intrusion detector

Figure 20.9 Residential control system keypad

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

Begin Reading

Index

End User License Agreement

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BUILDING SYSTEMS FOR INTERIOR DESIGNERS

FOURTH EDITION

Corky Binggeli†

Taylor Lucas

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per‐copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750‐8400, fax (978) 750‐4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data:

Names: Binggeli, Corky, author. | Lucas, Taylor, author.

Title: Building systems for interior designers / Corky Binggeli, Taylor Lucas.

Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2024] | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2024007495 (print) | LCCN 2024007496 (ebook) | ISBN

9781119985075 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119985099 (adobe pdf) | ISBN

9781119985082 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Buildings‐Environmental engineering. |

Buildings‐Mechanical equipment‐‐Design and construction. |

Buildings‐Electric equipment‐‐Design and construction.

Classification: LCC TH6014 .B56 2024 (print) | LCC TH6014 (ebook) | DDC

696‐dc23/eng/20240304

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024007495

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024007496

Cover Image: Courtesy of Madison Pelletier

Cover Design: Wiley

Acknowledgments

It has been both an honor and an incredibly humbling experience to participate in this textbook's fourth edition. I have referenced this text in my own education, as well as my first course as an educator, and in each subsequent year as I taught building systems to the future designers of our industry. I could not have completed this edition without the team at John Wiley & Sons, and I want to thank them for their professionalism, support, and patience.

I would not have had this opportunity if not for my amazing mentor, Rose Mary Botti‐Salitsky. She has guided and supported me in every professional step I've taken, and I strive to emulate her passion, commitment and skill in the field.

My students have always been my driving force. It was with constant check‐ins and endless questions that the resources in this edition were cultivated for the learners that use them. A special thanks to the front cover models; Julia, Liliana, Kylie, Brooke, and, Emma, as well as toddler‐wrangler Jordan and photographer Madison.

While writing this edition and processing the modifications, I was pregnant with and gave birth to my second child. While bouncing the newborn and entertaining her two‐year‐old brother, I got nothing else done. Ever. Without the support of my husband Jesse, and my mom Cyn, this project would not have been possible. They took on every playground, tackled many nap times, and packed every snack, while I spent countless hours at the Billerica Public library reviewing and revising.

Finally, a heartfelt thank you to Corky's family for allowing me to contribute to her amazing resource. This text serves as a staple in design education and personal libraries, and only does so because of Corky's dedication to excellence and her self‐described “obsessive focus.” It has been a privilege to contribute to her work.

Thank you.

About the Companion Website

Don't forget to visit the companion website for this book:

www.wiley.com/go/buildingsystemsforinteriordesigners/4e

There you will find valuable material designed to enhance your learning, including:

PowerPoint slides

Instructor's Manual

Other material for instructors

PART ITHE ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, AND HEALTH AND SAFETY

Interior designers today work closely with other design and construction professionals to provide functional, sustainable, and healthy buildings. Sustainable design supports a holistic approach to building systems, and older territorial distinctions between various architectural and engineering disciplines are opening up. Existing buildings are valued for the materials and energy they embody, and many projects involve the renovation of building interiors.

Interior designers are increasingly working as part of environmentally aware design teams. Sustainable design involves interior designers observing the impact of a building's site, climate, and geography on its interior spaces. Building interiors are increasingly open to natural settings and views, and the interior designer's work may bridge interior and exterior spaces. Wise energy use dictates awareness of how sun, wind, and heat or cold affect the building's interior.

While focusing on building elements that affect interior designers, Building Systems for Interior Designers, Fourth Edition addresses this multidisciplinary approach to building design. Additional academic resources for the design student and educator help to build a connection between the informative text and real‐world interior environments and experiences. We begin our study of building systems in Part I by looking at the relationships among the environment, sustainable design, and human health and safety.

Chapter 1

, “Environmental Conditions and the Site,” looks at climate change, energy sources and consumption, and how site conditions affect building design.

Chapter 2

, “Designing for the Environment,” investigates energy efficient design and the building design process. Sustainable design strategies and rating systems are introduced.

Chapter 3

, “Designing for Human Health and Safety,” addresses the interaction of the human body with the built environment and how building codes protect us.

A common thread … is the attitude that buildings and sites should be planned and developed in an environmentally sensitive manner, responding to context and climate to reduce their reliance on active environmental control systems and the energy they consume. (Francis D.K. Ching, Building Construction Illustrated [5th ed.], Wiley, 2014, Preface)

CODES AND REGULATIONS

Within this text, the code references discussed in each part will be collected from the International Code Council's I‐Codes. This is meant to help begin code research within the focus areas. Building codes that relate to a project are unique depending on many aspects of that project including size, occupancy, location, and use. I‐Codes include the International Building Codes, International Energy Conservation Codes, and the International Plumbing Codes. These I‐Codes are the most widely adopted, but are not the only regulations a designer works with, as states and cities may adopt additional codes, standards, or revisions. The standard most widely relating to sustainable design is the ASHRAE 90.1 that states the energy standards for building except low‐rise residential buildings. ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, a nonprofit organization that develops and publishes standards for the HVAC industry.

During the beginning phases of a building project, it is the designer's responsibility to research applicable codes. Understanding the codes and related standards of a project help the designer to communicate clearly and effectively with the rest of the project team. Code research will be unique to each building project, so the information given here should aid in the research, not complete it.

2021 ICC CODES THAT PERTAIN TO THE BUILDING SITE AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

International Building Codes

Chapter 5: General building heights and areas

This chapter covers regulations on the height and area of structures and additions to existing structures. The allowed number of stories and finished height of a building is determined by a number of factors including building construction type, occupancy, surrounding buildings, and local zoning regulation.

Chapter 18: Soils and foundations

This chapter covers tests and considerations concerning the site soil, as well as regulations on the building foundation. Codes relating to the foundation construction type, for both shallow and deep foundations. Required soil testing to determine the structural load capacity, and possible effect the soil with have on the foundation.

Chapter 13: Energy Conservation

This chapter simply states that buildings should comply with the ICC International Energy Conservation Codes.

International Energy Conservation Codes

The International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) are divided into Residential and Commercial regulations. These regulations apply to systems such as the building envelope, mechanical systems, and electrical and plumbing systems. Within the commercial and residential provisions, chapter 3 section 1, climate zones are identified. In chapter 5, existing buildings are covered. The IECC cover many regulations on energy and should be completely reviewed during the code research phase.

International Green Construction Codes

The International Green Construction Codes (IgCC) provide a whole systems approach to the design, construction. and operation of buildings. It provides codes and references that encourage sustainable design practices, resulting in healthy interior environments, a lower impact on natural resources, a higher level of neighborhood integration, and a site design that leads to a healthier environment. The IgCC is coordinated with other model codes such as IECC, and ASHRAE 90.1, as well as other referenced standards to provide a comprehensive set of codes. The development of the IgCC allows for governing jurisdictions to reference a uniform code without having to take on the high cost of creating one. The United States Green Building Council (USGBC), is developing connections between specific IgCC codes and its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits, enabling a streamlined approach to environmentally minded building design, construction, and commission.

Chapter 5 of the IgCC covers site sustainability. This chapter specifies requirements for building projects that pertain to site selection, site development, mitigation of heat island effect, light pollution reduction, and mitigation of transportation impacts.

Chapter 9 covers materials and resources. This chapter specifies requirements related to the environmental and human health impacts of materials including resource conservation, reduced life cycle, impact of building materials, impacts on the atmosphere, product transparency, and waste management.

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Sustainable design strategies address the design process, construction policies, and material acquisition. They range greatly depending on the many factors of a building project. Sustainable strategies focused on within this part emphasize the use of the building site and natural resources to reduce the energy a built environment needs. Sustainable strategies that focus on site and energy will capitalize on passive systems, building orientation, the design team, and renewable energy sources.

Sustainable strategies noted in this part coincide with the Sustainable Site, location and transportation, integrative process, and Energy and Atmosphere categories of LEED. The strategies listed are examples from the digital LEED scorecard. LEED certification can be earned by accruing points, each strategy, or credit, listed is worth a specific number of points if completed. (Digital scorecard, https://www.usgbc.org/leed-tools/scorecard, accessed 8 November 2023)

Location and Transportation

Sensitive land protection

. This credit is intended to cultivate community resilience, avoid the development of environmentally sensitive lands that provide critical ecosystem services and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site.

High priority site and equitable development

. This credit is intended to build the economic and social vitality of communities, encourage project location in areas with development constraints and promote the ecological, cultural, and community health of the surrounding area while understanding the needs and goals of existing residents and businesses.

Surrounding density and diverse uses

. This credit is intended to conserve land and protect farmland and wildlife habitat by encouraging development in areas with existing infrastructure. It is also intended to support neighborhood and local economies, promote walkability, and low or no carbon transportation, and reduce vehicle distance traveled for all. Furthermore, it is intended to improve public health by encouraging daily physical activity.

Bicycle facilities.

This credit is intended to promote bicycling and transportation efficiency and reduce vehicle distance traveled. It is also intended to improve public health by encouraging utilitarian and recreational physical activity.

Reduced parking footprint.

This credit is intended to minimize the environmental harms associated with parking facilities, including automobile dependence, land consumption, and rainwater runoff.

Electric vehicles.

This credit is intended to reduce pollution by promoting alternatives to conventionally fueled automobiles

Sustainable Sites

Construction activity pollution prevention.

This credit is intended to reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne dust that disproportionately impact frontline communities.

Site assessment.

This credit is intended to assess site conditions, environmental justice concerns, and cultural and social factors, before design in order to evaluate sustainable options and inform related decisions about site design.

Protect or restore habitat.

This credit is intended to conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity.

Open space.

This credit is intended to create exterior open space that encourages interaction with the environment, social interaction, passive recreation, and physical activity.

Heat island reduction.

This credit is intended to minimize inequitable effects on microclimates and humans, especially frontline communities, and wildlife habitats by reducing heat islands.

Light pollution reduction.

This credit is intended to increase night sky access, improve nighttime visibility, and reduce the consequences of development for wildlife and people.

Energy and Atmosphere

Minimum energy performance

. This credit is intended to promote resilience and reduce the environmental and economic harms of excessive energy use that disproportionately impact frontline communities by achieving a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and its systems.

Optimize energy performance

. This credit is intended to achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic harms associated with excessive energy use that disproportionately impact frontline communities.

Renewable energy

. This credit is intended to reduce the environmental and economic harms associated with fossil fuel energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the supply of renewable energy projects and to foster a just transition to a green economy.

Indoor Environmental Quality

Quality views.

This credit is intended to give building occupants a connection to the natural outdoor environment by providing quality views.

Integrative Process

Integrative process

. This credit is intended to support high‐performance, cost‐effective, equitable project outcomes through an early analysis of the interrelationships among systems.

NCIDQ REFERENCES

The Council for Interior Design Qualification (CIDQ) is the premier certifying organization for interior design professionals. CIDQ develops and administers the three‐part NCIDQ Examination, which tests interior designers' knowledge of core competencies required for professional practice in the industry. The exam is based on CIDQ's independent, comprehensive analysis of the profession and the daily practice of interior design in a range of settings. CIDQ continually updates the exam's contents to ensure they reflect the most current skills required to design secure, functional and innovative interior spaces. (CIDQ.org, accessed 8 November 2023)

This text can be referenced while preparing to take any of the three parts of the NCIDQ examination. The following highlights the connections between the exam content areas and the focus areas of Part I.

Interior Design Fundamentals

Programming and Site Analysis

Demonstrate understanding of the site context (e.g., location, views, solar orientation, zoning, historical information, constraints, change of use, transportation)

Relationship between Human Behavior and the Designed Environment

Demonstrate understanding of contextual influences (e.g., environmental and ecological, social, cultural, aesthetic, hierarchy of needs)

Demonstrate knowledge of sensory considerations (e.g., acoustics, lighting, visual stimuli, color response, scent, tactile, thermal comfort)

Technical Specifications for Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment and Lighting

Demonstrate understanding of sustainability and environmental impact (e.g., recyclability, cradle to cradle, embodied energy, carbon footprint, material sourcing, ratings and certifications)

Interior Design Professional

Project Assessment and Sustainability

Demonstrate understanding of environmental and wellness attributes (e.g., energy and water, conservation, renewable resources, indoor air quality, resiliency, active design)

Existing conditions analysis (e.g., hazardous materials, seismic, accessibility, construction type, occupancy type)

Project Process, Roles, and Coordination

Understand and identify scope of project team members (e.g., architects, engineers, specialty consultants, contractors, construction managers)

Demonstrate understanding of specification types and format (e.g., prescriptive, performance, proprietary, divisions)

Code Requirements, Laws, Standards, and Regulations

Demonstrate understanding of environmental regulations (e.g., indoor air quality, energy conservation, material conservation, water conservation)

Reference standards and guidelines (e.g., ADA/Accessibility, BIFMA, ASHRAE, OSHA, NFPA, IBC)

Practicum

Programming, Planning, and Analysis

Existing conditions analysis (e.g., hazardous materials, seismic, accessibility, construction type, occupancy type)

Universal design (e.g., accessibility, ability level, inclusivity, special needs, aging population, bariatric, pediatric)

Code Requirements, Laws, Standards, and Regulations

Ability to integrate life safety elements (e.g., egress, fire separation)

Demonstrate understanding of reference standards and guidelines (e.g., BIFMA, ASHRAE, OSHA, NFPA, IBC)

1Environmental Conditions and the Site

A building's form, scale, and spatial organization are the designer's response to a number of conditions—functional planning requirements, technical aspects of structure and construction, economic realities, and expressive qualities of image and style. In addition, the architecture of a building should address the physical context of its site and the exterior space. (Francis D.K. Ching and Corky Binggeli, Interior Design Illustrated [3rd ed.], Wiley 2012, page 4)

We depend on the building's site to provide clean air and to help control thermal radiation, air temperature, humidity, and airflow. Building structures rely on site conditions for support and to help keep out water and control fire. The site can also play a role in providing clean water, removing and recycling wastes, and providing concentrated energy.

Once these basic physical needs are met, we turn to creating conditions for sensory comfort, efficiency, and privacy. We need illumination to see, and barriers that create visual privacy. We seek spaces where we can hear others speak clearly, but which offer acoustic privacy. The building's structure gives stable support for all the people, objects, and architectural features of the building.

The next group of functions supports social needs. We try to control the entry or exit of other people and of animals. Buildings facilitate communication and connection with the world outside through windows, telephones, mailboxes, and computer and video networks. Our buildings support our activities by distributing concentrated energy to convenient locations, primarily through electrical systems.

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