Cloud Computing Bible E-Book

Barrie Sosinsky

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Bible
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 730

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2010

Beschreibung

The complete reference guide to the hot technology of cloud computing Its potential for lowering IT costs makes cloud computing a major force for both IT vendors and users; it is expected to gain momentum rapidly with the launch of Office Web Apps later this year. Because cloud computing involves various technologies, protocols, platforms, and infrastructure elements, this comprehensive reference is just what you need if you?ll be using or implementing cloud computing. * Cloud computing offers significant cost savings by eliminating upfront expenses for hardware and software; its growing popularity is expected to skyrocket when Microsoft introduces Office Web Apps * This comprehensive guide helps define what cloud computing is and thoroughly explores the technologies, protocols, platforms and infrastructure that make it so desirable * Covers mobile cloud computing, a significant area due to ever-increasing cell phone and smartphone use * Focuses on the platforms and technologies essential to cloud computing Anyone involved with planning, implementing, using, or maintaining a cloud computing project will rely on the information in Cloud Computing Bible.

Leseprobe

Cloud Computing Bible

Table of Contents

Part I: Examining the Value Proposition

Chapter 1: Defining Cloud Computing

Defining Cloud Computing

Cloud Types

The NIST model

The Cloud Cube Model

Deployment models

Service models

Examining the Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Paradigm shift

Benefits of cloud computing

Disadvantages of cloud computing

Assessing the Role of Open Standards

Summary

Chapter 2: Assessing the Value Proposition

Measuring the Cloud's Value

Early adopters and new applications

The laws of cloudonomics

Cloud computing obstacles

Behavioral factors relating to cloud adoption

Measuring cloud computing costs

Avoiding Capital Expenditures

Right-sizing

Computing the Total Cost of Ownership

Specifying Service Level Agreements

Defining Licensing Models

Summary

Chapter 3: Understanding Cloud Architecture

Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack

Composability

Infrastructure

Platforms

Virtual Appliances

Communication Protocols

Applications

Connecting to the Cloud

The Jolicloud Netbook OS

Chromium OS: The Browser as an Operating System

Summary

Chapter 4: Understanding Services and Applications by Type

Defining Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS workloads

Pods, aggregation, and silos

Defining Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Defining Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS characteristics

Open SaaS and SOA

Salesforce.com and CRM SaaS

Defining Identity as a Service (IDaaS)

What is an identity?

Networked identity service classes

Identity system codes of conduct

IDaaS interoperability

Defining Compliance as a Service (CaaS)

Summary

Part II: Using Platforms

Chapter 5: Understanding Abstraction and Virtualization

Using Virtualization Technologies

Load Balancing and Virtualization

Advanced load balancing

The Google cloud

Understanding Hypervisors

Virtual machine types

VMware vSphere

Understanding Machine Imaging

Porting Applications

The Simple Cloud API

AppZero Virtual Application Appliance

Summary

Chapter 6: Capacity Planning

Capacity Planning

Defining Baseline and Metrics

Baseline measurements

System metrics

Load testing

Resource ceilings

Server and instance types

Network Capacity

Scaling

Summary

Chapter 7: Exploring Platform as a Service

Defining Services

Salesforce.com versus Force.com: SaaS versus PaaS

Application development

Using PaaS Application Frameworks

Drupal

Eccentex AppBase 3.0

LongJump

Squarespace

WaveMaker

Wolf Frameworks

Summary

Chapter 8: Using Google Web Services

Exploring Google Applications

Surveying the Google Application Portfolio

Indexed search

The dark Web

Aggregation and disintermediation

Productivity applications and services

Enterprise offerings

AdWords

Google Analytics

Google Translate

Exploring the Google Toolkit

The Google APIs

Working with the Google App Engine

Summary

Chapter 9: Using Amazon Web Services

Understanding Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Service Components and Services

Working with the Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

Amazon Machine Images

Pricing models

System images and software

Creating an account and instance on EC2

Working with Amazon Storage Systems

Amazon Simple Storage System (S3)

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)

CloudFront

Understanding Amazon Database Services

Amazon SimpleDB

Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)

Choosing a database for AWS

Summary

Chapter 10: Using Microsoft Cloud Services

Exploring Microsoft Cloud Services

Defining the Windows Azure Platform

The software plus services approach

The Azure Platform

The Windows Azure service

Windows Azure AppFabric

Azure Content Delivery Network

SQL Azure

Windows Azure pricing

Windows Live services

Using Windows Live

Windows Live Essentials

Windows Live Home

Windows Live for Mobile

Summary

Part III: Exploring Cloud Infrastructures

Chapter 11: Managing the Cloud

Administrating the Clouds

Management responsibilities

Lifecycle management

Cloud Management Products

Emerging Cloud Management Standards

DMTF cloud management standards

Cloud Commons and SMI

Summary

Chapter 12: Understanding Cloud Security

Securing the Cloud

The security boundary

Security service boundary

Security mapping

Securing Data

Brokered cloud storage access

Storage location and tenancy

Encryption

Auditing and compliance

Establishing Identity and Presence

Identity protocol standards

Windows Azure identity standards

Presence

Summary

Part IV: Understanding Services and Applications

Chapter 13: Understanding Service Oriented Architecture

Introducing Service Oriented Architecture

Event-driven SOA or SOA 2.0

The Enterprise Service Bus

Service catalogs

Defining SOA Communications

Business Process Execution Language

Business process modeling

Managing and Monitoring SOA

SOA management tools

SOA security

The Open Cloud Consortium

Relating SOA and Cloud Computing

Summary

Chapter 14: Moving Applications to the Cloud

Applications in the Clouds

Functionality mapping

Application attributes

Cloud service attributes

System abstraction

Cloud bursting

Applications and Cloud APIs

Summary

Chapter 15: Working with Cloud-Based Storage

Measuring the Digital Universe

Cloud storage in the Digital Universe

Cloud storage definition

Provisioning Cloud Storage

Unmanaged cloud storage

Managed cloud storage

Creating cloud storage systems

Virtual storage containers

Exploring Cloud Backup Solutions

Backup types

Cloud backup features

Cloud attached backup

Cloud Storage Interoperability

Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)

Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)

Summary

Chapter 16: Working with Productivity Software

Using Productivity Applications

Characteristics of productivity software

Online Office Systems

Acrobat.com

Glide Digital

Google Docs

Microsoft Office Web Apps

ThinkFree Office

Zoho Office Suite

Summary

Chapter 17: Using Webmail Services

Exploring the Cloud Mail Services

Google Gmail

Mail2Web

Windows Live Hotmail

Yahoo! Mail

Working with Syndication Services

The RSS and Atom Protocols

Newsreaders

News Aggregators

Summary

Chapter 18: Communicating with the Cloud

Exploring Instant Messaging

Instant messaging clients

Instant messaging interoperability

Micro-blogs or Short Message Services

Exploring Collaboration Technologies

Using Social Networks

Features

List of social networking sites

Privacy and security

Interaction and interoperability

Summary

Chapter 19: Using Media and Streaming

Understanding the Streaming Process

Protocols in Use

The cloud computing advantages

Audio Streaming

Working with VoIP Applications

Skype

Google Voice and Google Talk

Video Streaming

Television in the cloud

Streaming video formats

YouTube

Summary

Part V: Using the Mobile Cloud

Chapter 20: Working with Mobile Devices

Defining the Mobile Market

Connecting to the cloud

Adopting mobile cloud applications

Feature phones and the cloud

Using Smartphones with the Cloud

Android

Apple iPhone

Research In Motion BlackBerry

Symbian

Windows Mobile

Summary

Chapter 21: Working with Mobile Web Services

Understanding Service Types

Mobile interoperability

Performing Service Discovery

Context-aware services

MEMS

Location awareness

Push services

The BlackBerry Push Service

The Lemonade Profile

Using SMS

Defining WAP and Other Protocols

Performing Synchronization

Summary

Cloud Computing Bible

Barrie Sosinsky

Cloud Computing Bible

Published byWiley Publishing, Inc.10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-90356-8

Manufactured in the United States of America

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Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

This book is dedicated to my sister Gina Sosinsky, with love.

Preface

Cloud Computing Bible is Wiley's general introduction to an important topic in large book format. A Bible is a book that is meant to be read by knowledgeable readers who are not subject matter experts in a topic but want to have an in-depth introduction to the various individual subjects contained within. It is assumed that the reader of this book may be a generalist, a developer, a system architect, a programmer, or perhaps something else, and therefore the content in a Bible must contain information for each member of this book's audience.

Cloud computing is a vast topic that encompasses many different subjects. To adequately describe what cloud computing offers, we must discuss infrastructure, service-oriented architectures, social networking, unique protocols, open and standard Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), and dozens of other topics. Even a large book can address many of these topics in only an introductory manner. However, this book tries to give you at least the basic information you need on all the related topics, as well as pointers to additional information sources.

In the last several years, many books have been published on cloud computing. Each book has attempted to present some element of the topic for a particular audience. In this book, I do not make the assumption that you are a particular type of reader, nor do I assume that you are approaching the topic with a fresh view. This Bible was written to serve as the introductory course in the topic at a university level, but it is not a textbook. You can pick up and read this book at any particular chapter because the material doesn't build upon itself.

Many topics in this book are unique to this book and are based on published information that is both current and timely. In researching this book, I attempted to bring into the discussion all the new trends, experiments, and products that have made cloud computing such a dynamic area.

Acknowledgments

I want to acknowledge the editorial team at Wiley for giving me the chance to do this book and to work with them again. I also want to thank my literary agent, Matt Wagner, for his assistance; without his vision, this book would not have been created. Finally, I want to thank my family for allowing me the time I spent away from them writing this book.

About the Author

Barrie Sosinsky has written about computers and technology for more than 25 years beginning with writing about personal computers for the Boston Computer Society in the early 1980s. He has published books on operating systems, applications, databases, desktop publishing, and networking for publishers such as Que, Sybex, Ventana, IDG, Wiley, and others and seen the industry change and reinvent itself several times. His last book was Wiley's Networking Bible.

At heart Barrie is a PC enthusiast. He loves building computers, finding and learning about new applications that allow him to do new things, and keeping up with the latest advances in the field of computer technology, which he believes is just in its infancy. Having lived long enough to see the Boston Red Sox win not one but two World Series, he remains committed to living long enough to see grandchildren and to see someone clone a wooly mammoth. To this list (replacing the Red Sox) he adds the new milestone of holding a universal translator in his hands; a device he believes will appear within this decade.

Barrie lives in Medfield Massachusetts about 25 miles southwest of Boston with his six cats Stormy, Shadow, Smokey, Scamper, Slate, and Spat as writing companions; Scout the wonder dog; his son Joseph; his daughter Allie; and his wife Carol; surrounded by pine trees, marauding deer, wild turkeys, and the occasional fox and coyote.

You can reach Barrie at [email protected], where he welcomes your comments and suggestions.

Credits

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Project Editor

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Technical Editor

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Copy Editor

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Editorial Manager

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Business Manager

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Senior Marketing Manager

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Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

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Vice President and Executive Publisher

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Project Coordinator

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Graphics and Production Specialists

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Quality Control Technician

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Proofreading and Indexing

Evelyn Wellborn Sherry Massey

Introduction

In the five months that I have been researching and writing Cloud Computing Bible, it has become clear to me that most people recognize that cloud computing is a big deal, even if they are not really clear why that is so. Every day newspaper and magazine articles and radio and TV stories report on cloud computing. The phrase “in the cloud” has entered into our colloquial language. You may have heard that the United States government has initiated a “cloud initiative,” or that nearly 75 percent of the developers at Microsoft are currently working on “cloud-related” products, or that a phone or service stores its data in the cloud. The cloud is therefore this amorphous entity that is supposed to represent the future of modern computing.

In reality, the cloud is something that you have been using for a long time now; it is the Internet, along with all the associated standards and protocols that provide a set of Web services to you. When you draw the Internet as a cloud, you are representing one of the essential characteristics of cloud computing: abstraction. In the cloud, resources are pooled and partitioned as needed, and communications are standards-based.

The Internet was begun as a network of networks, with an architecture that was redundant and could survive massive disruption. What the original system architects of the Internet could not have anticipated is that the size of resources attached to it would become massively scalable, which is the second characteristic of cloud computing.

Google's infrastructure, for example, which is described in this book in Chapter 9, spans 30 datacenters around the world with over a million computers; infrastructure that Google now leases out to developers upon which applications may be staged. So the third and equally as important characteristic of cloud computing is that the cloud is a “utility” and that services are provided using a pay-as-you-go model.

A computing utility has been a dream of computer scientists and industry luminaries for several decades. With a utility model of computing, an application can start small and grow to be enormous overnight. This democratization of computing means that any application has the potential to scale, and that even the smallest seed planted in the cloud may be a giant.

Cloud computing will affect your life in the following ways in the next ten years:

• Applications in the cloud will replace applications that are local to your devices.

• Information will become cheaper, more ubiquitous, and easier to find because the cloud makes it cheaper to scale applications and connections to always-on networks such as wireless carriers that make the information always available.

• The cloud will enable new social services by connecting users via social networks that are constructed using multiple cloud services.

• New applications will be easier to create and will be based on standard modular parts.

• It will lessen the role that proprietary operating systems have in our daily computing.

• You will be connected through the cloud wherever you are and at all times.

Frankly, it is hard to predict what new capabilities the cloud may enable. The cloud has a trajectory that is hard to plot and a scope that reaches into so many aspects of our daily life that innovation can occur across a broad range.

Many technologically savvy people have told me they don't understand what the fuss about cloud computing is; in fact, they believe there is nothing new about cloud computing, at least from a technological standpoint. Indeed, they have a point. The technologies that enable cloud computing—system and resource virtualization, thin clients (browsers, for example), virtual private networks and tunneling, and others—are all technologies that existed before anyone ever began to talk about cloud computing. That is all true. Cloud computing is a revolutionary way of architecting and implementing services based on evolutionary changes. Cloud Computing Bible attempts to explain how this all came about.

How to Read This Book

Cloud Computing Bible is made up of 21 chapters in five parts. To read this book and get the most out of it, you should know about basic computer operations and theory. You should be able to turn a computer on and know what operating system is running, how processing and input/output is used, and be able to connect with a browser to different Web sites. You should understand the basic user interface elements used by many browsers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, or Google Chrome.

These are basic skills without which it would be hard to effectively maximize the value contained in this book. If you don't have these skills, Wiley publishes a number of introductory computer books that will give them to you.

It doesn't matter which type of computer operating system you use because most of cloud computing is operating-system-neutral. Indeed, as time goes by, it may not matter whether you use a computer at all. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are on their way to displacing computers in many venues. If you have some familiarity with smartphones, that would be helpful in understanding the last part of this book on mobile-based cloud applications, but it isn't a necessity.

Part I of the book, called “Examining the Value Proposition,” defines what cloud computing is and why you should be interested in it. This vocabulary, along with description of cloud architectures and types, will allow you to discuss cloud computing in a standard way and serves to give you a framework over which you can place all the different service types that make cloud computing such a rich area.

Part II, called “Using Platforms,” looks at the fundamental features that make a cloud computing application unique. You get a background in the concepts of abstraction and virtualization, along with methods for examining how applications are scaled. This part contains several chapters of vendor-specific services that are illustrative of different cloud computing models. In several chapters, I discuss vendors that are thought leaders in different fields of cloud computing. For infrastructure, I've chosen to highlight Amazon Web Services, and for platforms and services, you learn about the efforts of Google and Microsoft in cloud computing.

Part III, “Exploring Cloud Infrastructures,” contains two chapters about managing the cloud and working with the cloud securely. The cloud builds on standard distributed networking technologies, applied over systems with large resources, often over federated systems and services.

In Part IV, “Understanding Services and Applications,” the first two chapters describe Service Oriented Architecture and transactions—both of which are important principles in building cloud applications so they are efficient and interoperable—and moving applications to the cloud. The remaining chapters in Part IV describe different types of applications in common use in the cloud today. Those applications are the most highly developed ones in the cloud and have the largest number of users and services. The examples chosen are online backup and storage, Webmail, online productivity applications, messaging, and online media, particularly using streaming technologies.

The book rounds out with two chapters on “Using the Mobile Cloud,” Part V. These chapters describe the rise of the smartphone and its predecessor, the feature phone. These phones are supported by a host of Web services. Since 2008, more traffic has been flowing over wireless networks than wired networks, so it would be hard to underestimate how much impact mobile devices have on the cloud. For vast portions of the world, the cell phone is the only computer most people will know. Mobile Web services use different protocols and technologies and can take into account location and other user profile information that can use the cloud to create a rich user experience.

Please dive into whatever chapter interests you. I hope you enjoy reading about cloud computing as much as I enjoyed writing about it.

Icons

The icons in this book offer you a chance to learn a little more about a topic, refer to a discussion elsewhere in the book, address a problem, or get a little more help. This book offers the following icons:

Caution

A Caution icon alerts you to a potential problem that you should be aware of.

Note

A Note icon points to a clarification or expansion of the topic being discussed.

Tip

Tips are shortcuts you can use to get something done more effectively.

Cross-Ref

A Cross-Ref icon provides a reference to related discussions that take place elsewhere in the book.

Because this isn't a how-to book, you will find fewer Cautions and Tips in this book than you might find in other Wiley Bibles. However, there are plenty of Notes and Cross-Refs to help guide you in these chapters.

Contacting Us

If, after reviewing this publication, you feel some important information was overlooked or you have any questions concerning cloud computing, you can contact us and let us know your views, opinions, complaints, or suggestions for the next revision.

You can reach the author, Barrie Sosinsky, at the following e-mail address: [email protected].

Please note that some special symbols used in this eBook may not display properly on all eReader devices. If you have trouble determining any symbol, please call Wiley Product Technical Support at 800-762-2974. Outside of the United States, please call 317-572-3993. You can also contact Wiley Product Technical Support at www.wiley.com/techsupport.

Part I: Examining the Value Proposition

IN THIS PART

Chapter 1

Defining Cloud Computing

Chapter 2

Assessing the Value Proposition

Chapter 3

Understanding Cloud Architecture

Chapter 4

Understanding Services and Applications by Type

Chapter 1: Defining Cloud Computing

IN THIS CHAPTER

Defining cloud computingLearning about cloud typesUnderstanding the paradigm shift that is cloud computingComparing the benefits and disadvantages of cloud systems

Cloud computing refers to applications and services that run on a distributed network using virtualized resources and accessed by common Internet protocols and networking standards. It is distinguished by the notion that resources are virtual and limitless and that details of the physical systems on which software runs are abstracted from the user.

In an effort to better describe cloud computing, a number of cloud types have been defined. In this chapter, you learn about two different classes of clouds: those based on the deployment model and those based on the service model. The deployment model tells you where the cloud is located and for what purpose. Public, private, community, and hybrid clouds are deployment models.

Service models describe the type of service that the service provider is offering. The best-known service models are Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service—the SPI model. The service models build on one another and define what a vendor must manage and what the client's responsibility is.

Cloud computing represents a real paradigm shift in the way in which systems are deployed. The massive scale of cloud computing systems was enabled by the popularization of the Internet and the growth of some large service companies. Cloud computing makes the long-held dream of utility computing possible with a pay-as-you-go, infinitely scalable, universally available system. With cloud computing, you can start very small and become big very fast. That's why cloud computing is revolutionary, even if the technology it is built on is evolutionary.

Not all applications benefit from deployment in the cloud. Issues with latency, transaction control, and in particular security and regulatory compliance are of particular concern.

Defining Cloud Computing

Cloud computing takes the technology, services, and applications that are similar to those on the Internet and turns them into a self-service utility. The use of the word “cloud” makes reference to the two essential concepts:

• Abstraction: Cloud computing abstracts the details of system implementation from users and developers. Applications run on physical systems that aren't specified, data is stored in locations that are unknown, administration of systems is outsourced to others, and access by users is ubiquitous.

• Virtualization: Cloud computing virtualizes systems by pooling and sharing resources. Systems and storage can be provisioned as needed from a centralized infrastructure, costs are assessed on a metered basis, multi-tenancy is enabled, and resources are scalable with agility.

Computing as a utility is a dream that dates from the beginning of the computing industry itself. A set of new technologies has come along that, along with the need for more efficient and affordable computing, has enabled an on-demand system to develop. It is these enabling technologies that are the focal point of this book.