Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment E-Book

Lisa W. Drozdick

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Essentials of Psychological Assessment
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 464

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need toconfidently administer, score, and interpret the WMS®-IV Complete coverage of administration, scoring,interpretation, and reporting Expert advice on avoiding common pitfalls Conveniently formatted for rapid reference The most recent revision of one of the most popular memory assessment instruments, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS®-IV) is a widely used measure of memory functioning, which is particularly useful in the assessment of individuals with dementia, traumatic brain injury, and substance abuse problems, among others. Professionals need an authoritative source on administration, scoring, and interpretation in order to use this test properly. Written by the test developers for the WMS®-IV, Essentials of WMS®-IV Assessment is that source. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals, and those in training, quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Integrating WMS®-IV data with the WAIS®-IV and other measures of cognitive ability and memory for adults, Essentials of WMS®-IV Assessment now includes four new subtests and a revised index structure. The authors also offer expert assessment of the test's relative strengths and weaknesses, valuable advice on its clinical applications, and several illuminating case studies.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Series

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Series Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter One: Overview

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

VARIOUS EDITIONS OF THE WECHSLER MEMORY SCALE

OVERVIEW AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WMS-IV

THEORETICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION

STANDARDIZATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCES ON TEST

Chapter Two: How to Administer the WMS-IV

APPROPRIATE TESTING CONDIT

ORDER OF TEST ADMINISTRA

ADMINISTERING A PARTIAL-IV BATTERY

DEVELOPING RAPPORT WITH EXAMINEES

TESTING INDIVIDUALS WITH IAL NEEDS

SUBTEST-BY-SUBTEST R OF ADMINISTRATION

Chapter Three: How to Score the WMS-IV

TYPES OF SCORES

SCORING THE WMS-IV SUBTESTS

Chapter Four: Interpretation

KEY CONCEPTS

SCORE TYPES

SUBTEST-LEVEL INTERPRETATION

INDEX LEVEL OF INTERPRETATION

INTERPRETING WMS-IV RESULTS USING VARIOUS LEVELS OF DETAIL

Chapter Five: Strengths and Weaknesses of the WMS-IV

OVERVIEW OF STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

AREAS OF MEMORY NOT MEASURED BY WMS-IV

Chapter Six: Using WMS-IV with WAIS-IV

COMPARING WAIS-IV AND WMS-IV SCORES

WAIS-IV/WMS-IV COMPARISONS

Applying WAIS-IV/WMS-IV COMPARISONS

CONCEPTS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING WAIS-IV/WMS-IV COMPARISONS

Chapter Seven: Clinical Applications of the WMS-IV

CONDITIONS KNOWN TO AFFECT MEMORY FUNCTIONING

OLDER ADULTS

MALINGERING/EFFORT

Chapter Eight: Illustrative Case Reports

CASE EXAMPLE 1: TBI AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

CASE EXAMPLE 2: MCI AND DEPRESSION

CASE EXAMPLE 3: MEMORY COMPLAINTS IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING OLDER ADULT

References

Appendix

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SCORING CHECKLIST FOR THE WMS-IV (ALL RESPONSES SHOULD BE “YES”)

Annoted Bibliography

About the Authors

Author Index

Subject Index

Essentials of Psychological Assessment Series

Series Editors, Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman

Essentials of 16 PF®Assessmentby Heather E.-P. Cattell and James M. Schuerger

Essentials of Assessment Report Writingby Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Nancy Mather, Nadeen L. Kaufman, and Alan S. Kaufman

Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Testsby Susan R. Homack and Cecil R. Reynolds

Essentials of Bayley Scales of Infant Development–II Assessmentby Maureen M. Black and Kathleen Matula

Essentials of Behavioral Assessmentby Michael C. Ramsay, Cecil R. Reynolds, and R. W. Kamphaus

Essentials of Career Interest Assessmentby Jeffrey P. Prince and Lisa J. Heiser

Essentials of CAS Assessmentby Jack A. Naglieri

Essentials of Cognitive Assessment with KAIT and Other Kaufman Measuresby Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Debra Broadbooks, and Alan S. Kaufman

Essentials of Conners Behavior AssessmentsTMby Elizabeth P. Sparrow

Essentials of Creativity Assessmentby James C. Kaufman, Jonathan A. Plucker, and John Baer

Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Second Editionby Dawn P. Flanagan, Samuel O. Ortiz, and Vincent C. Alfonso

Essentials of DAS-II®Assessmentby Ron Dumont, John O. Willis, and Colin D. Elliot

Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventionsby Barbara J. Wendling and Nancy Mather

Essentials of Forensic Psychological Assessment, Second Editionby Marc J. Ackerman

Essentials of Individual Achievement Assessmentby Douglas K. Smith

Essentials of KABC-II Assessmentby Alan S. Kaufman, Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Elaine Fletcher-Janzen, and Nadeen L. Kaufman

Essentials of MillonTMInventories Assessment, Third Editionby Stephen Strack

Essentials of MMPI-ATM Assessmentby Robert P. Archer and Radhika Krishnamurthy

Essentials of MMPI-2TM Assessmentby David S. Nichols

Essentials of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®Assessment, Second Editionby Naomi Quenk

Essentials of NEPSY®-II Assessmentby Sally L. Kemp and Marit Korkman

Essentials of Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Editionby Nancy Hebben and William Milberg

Essentials of Nonverbal Assessmentby Steve McCallum, Bruce Bracken, and John Wasserman

Essentials of PAI®Assessmentby Leslie C. Morey

Essentials of Processing Assessmentby Milton J. Dehn

Essentials of Response to Interventionby Amanda M. VanDerHeyden and Matthew K. Burns

Essentials of Rorschach®Assessmentby Tara Rose, Nancy Kaser-Boyd, and Michael P. Maloney

Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessmentby Daniel C. Miller

Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) Assessmentby Gale H. Roid and R. Andrew Barram

Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessment, Second Editionby Hedwig Teglasi

Essentials of Temperament Assessmentby Diana Joyce

Essentials of WAIS ®-IV Assessmentby Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Alan S. Kaufman

Essentials of WIAT ®-III and KTEA-II Assessmentby Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Kristina C. Breaux

Essentials of WISC-III ® and WPPSI-R® Assessmentby Alan S. Kaufman and Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger

Essentials of WISC ®-IV Assessment, Second Editionby Dawn P. Flanagan and Alan S. Kaufman

Essentials of WJ III TM Cognitive Abilities Assessmentby Fredrick A. Schrank, Dawn P. Flanagan, Richard W. Woodcock, and Jennifer T. Mascolo

Essentials of WJ III TM Tests of Achievement Assessmentby Nancy Mather, Barbara J. Wendling, and Richard W. Woodcock

Essentials of WMS ®-IV Assessmentby Lisa Whipple Drozdick, James A. Holdnack, and Robin C. Hilsabeck

Essentials of WNV TM Assessmentby Kimberly A. Brunnert, Jack A. Naglieri, and Steven T. Hardy-Braz

Essentials of WPPSI TM-III Assessmentby Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Alan S. Kaufman

Essentials of WRAML2 and TOMAL-2 Assessmentby Wayne Adams and Cecil R. Reynolds

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Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Drozdick, Lisa Whipple. Essentials of WMS-IV assessment / Lisa Whipple Drozdick, James A. Holdnack, Robin C. Hilsabeck. p. cm. – (Essentials of psychological assessment series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-470-62196-7 (paper); 978-0-470-94643-5 (ePDF); 978-0-470-94644-2 (eMobi); 978-0-470-94645-9 (ePub) 1. Wechsler Memory Scale. 2. Memory–Testing. I. Holdnack, James A. II. Hilsabeck, Robin C. III. Title. BF375.5.W43D76 2011 153.1′20287 – dc22 2010039796

To Keller, Hayley, and Aidan

LWD

To Tina, Julia, and Adam

JAH

To Tyler

RCH

Series Preface

In the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, we have attempted to provide the reader with books that will deliver key practical information in the most efficient and accessible style. The series features instruments in a variety of domains, such as cognition, personality, education, and neuropsychology. For the experienced clinician, books in the series will offer a concise yet thorough way to master utilization of the continuously evolving supply of new and revised instruments, as well as a convenient method for keeping up to date on the tried-and-true measures. The novice will find here a prioritized assembly of all the information and techniques that must be at one’s fingertips to begin the complicated process of individual psychological diagnosis.

Wherever feasible, visual shortcuts to highlight key points are utilized alongside systematic, step-by-step guidelines. Chapters are focused and succinct. Topics are targeted for an easy understanding of the essentials of administration, scoring, interpretation, and clinical application. Theory and research are continually woven into the fabric of each book, but always to enhance clinical inference, never to sidetrack or overwhelm. We have long been advocates of “intelligent” testing—the notion that a profile of test scores is meaningless unless it is brought to life by the clinical observations and astute detective work of knowledgeable examiners. Test profiles must be used to make a difference in the child’s or adult’s life, or why bother to test? We want this series to help our readers become the best intelligent testers they can be.

The Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment continues the tradition of the Essentials series. The exceptionally qualified authors have provided a thorough introduction to the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition. This major revision of the popular scale includes new subtests, new indexes, and a new type of score, all of which are described in detail. The interpretation information includes detailed case examples that illustrate various levels of interpretation, and an overview of the current clinical literature involving the WMS-IV as well as highlights from the WMS-III literature. This volume provides the examiner with the tools needed to administer and interpret results specific to the individual needs of a particular client. Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment is a valuable addition to the growing literature on the comprehensive memory assessment of individuals from late adolescence through old age. Because the WMS-IV was normed alongside the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), and is commonly administered to individuals who are referred for evaluation on the WAIS-IV, this new Essentials book is a specially good companion for Lichtenberger and Kaufman’s Essentials of WAIS-IV Assessment.

Alan S. Kaufman, PhD, and Nadeen L. Kaufman, EdD, Series Editors

Yale University School of Medicine

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Justin B. Miller for providing data from his dissertation and Drs. Tammy Hietpas-Wilson and Russell Pella for assistance with illustrative cases. In addition, the work and assistance of André C. Lane, MA, Jayme Lyon, MA, and Elsa Tijerina, MA, was instrumental in the development of the WMS-IV and checklist of behaviors in Appendix A. The authors would also like to thank Drs. Tom Cayton and Larry Weiss for their support.

Chapter Two

HOW TO ADMINISTER THE WMS-IV

Due to the long history and use of the Wechsler Memory Scales, you may be familiar with many aspects of WMS administration. However, the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) is a significant revision and introduces new procedures that will not be familiar. Proper administration of the WMS-IV requires adherence to the guidelines and instructions provided in the WMS-IV Administration and Scoring Manual. The standard instructions were developed to ensure consistent administration across examiners, decrease measurement error due to use by multiple examiners, and increase reliability of results. Failure to follow the standardized presentation, administration, recording, and scoring instructions may result in the inability to apply normative data. Detailed instructions on developing rapport, setting up the testing environment, correctly using the kit materials, administering each subtest, and recording responses are provided in the WMS-IV Administration and Scoring Manual. In addition, general instructions used across subtests, such as start and stop rules, prompts and timing, are provided. Before using the WMS-IV, familiarize yourself with the administration guidelines and instructions. You may find it helpful to administer a few practice cases to become accustomed to the materials and instructions. The more familiar you are with the WMS-IV prior to administration, the greater attention you can place on the examinee during the test session.

Clinical questions or behaviors observed during testing may suggest the need to “test the limits” with an examinee. For example, an examinee may not recall any items on the delayed condition of Visual Reproduction (VR). To test the extent of impairment, you may want to provide cues to assist in recall, such as “This design had flags.” This further testing allows a more thorough evaluation of an examinee’s strengths and weaknesses through testing of hypotheses related to the examinee’s performance. While the information gained from deviating from standard administration may be diagnostically and therapeutically useful, it is imperative that any modifications occur after the standard administration is completed. In the previous example on VR delayed recall, the cuing should occur only after the standard administration of delayed recall, and scores should not include those items recalled after cuing. Scores obtained under unstandardized administration may be invalid. It should be noted that some modifications may impact performance on later conditions within the same subtests. Continuing with the VR delayed recall example, cuing immediately after delayed recall could enhance performance on the recognition condition, even if the recognition task is administered in the standard manner.

APPROPRIATE TESTING CONDIT

Testing Environment

The ideal testing environment for the WMS-IV is a quiet, well-lit room with minimal distractions. This environment can be set up in a variety of locations, including clinics, offices, schools, and hospitals. The examinee should sit with his or her back to any large visual distractions, such as windows or computer monitors. In addition, if you are administering the Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE), any clocks in the room should be out of direct sight of the examinee. Every attempt to minimize interruptions during testing should be made. For example, when testing in a school, attempt to schedule the test session around class transition times to avoid bells or loud hallway noise. Ensure adequate time is allowed for testing or divide testing into multiple sessions. If multiple sessions are planned, administer all conditions of a subtest in the same session. Although you may not have access to an ideal testing environment to administer the WMS-IV in all cases, every effort should be made to ensure the examinee’s performance is not negatively affected by the testing environment.