GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA E-Book

Moa Tewahedo

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 163

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA. WHEN COMPARED TO THE NAZI PARTY AND HUTU POWER

Das E-Book GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA wird angeboten von Books on Demand und wurde mit folgenden Begriffen kategorisiert:
genocide, GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA, GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA WHEN COMPARED TO THE NAZI PARTY, GENOCIDE PREPARATION IN ETHIOPIA WHEN COMPARED TO THE HUTU POWER, Anarchismus

Leseprobe

Content

Introduction

CHAPTER ONE

The nature of genocide at a glance

.

CHAPTER TWO

The beginning of the idea of genocide

2.1. Narrative of Racial differences “we and they”

2.2. “They are invaders”

2.3. “We” were farmers

CHAPTER THREE

3.1. Marking (facilitating for attack

)

3.2. Undermining the foundations of unity (separation of believers

CHAPTER FOUR

Humiliation (initiating moral attacks

)

4.1. Magical words

4.2. Moment of conscience

4.2.1. “They” are untrustworthy and killers

4.2.2. “They” were trampling and exploiting us

4.2.3. “They” despise us, they don‟t see us as human beings

4.2.4. “They” are moving to restore the old system

4.2.5. Two heads should be removed

CHAPTER FIVE

Boycotting

5.1. A comparison of Genocide orders for Hutu Tutsi, Nazi Jews and Oromo Habesha

CHAPTER SIX

Preparation and practical exercises (the beginning of the end

)

6.1. Coordinating arrangement

6.2. Obstacles removal (initiation of attack

)

6.3. Handshake (practical exercise

)

6.4. Denying the criminality of the act after the murder (covering up

)

Summary

Reference

INTRODUCTION

When the idea of “genocide” arises, there may be those who see the act only from the point of view of biological “race”. However, when we look at the execution of the crime of genocide, when the preparatory chooses the race he wants to destroy, it includes all the genocide he does to destroy not only the one genetically united, but the race or culture or language or religion and similar characteristics that he sees in the eyes of hatred.

Basically genocide is one of the oldest forms of crime in the world. In other words, it is an action to completely eliminate a group from the world in a way that goes beyond the expansion of the territory or the war to control a good land. It is believed by most genocide researchers that the beginning of genocide was the massacre of Carthage by the Roman Spartans in 146 Bc. This is what many researchers agree with, but there is evidence that genocides occurred even before that.

However, even though this crime has shed a lot of blood, it does not see its end as intended. The issue of longevity seems related to this. This is because the perpetrators of genocide cannot do what they want. When we look back at the history of the world, most of the kings who were able to build large empires and military forces in the world committed crimes of genocide. However, no leader in the history of the world has ever successfully completed genocide.

Even if we look at what has happened in the last hundred years, those who moved to destroy a “race” from the world due to deep hatred, fail to reach their goal and fall first.

For example, if we look at the genocide committed against the Jews by the German Nazi party, even though the Nazis tried to exterminate the Jews from the world, they disappeared from the world without success.

If we look at the Rwandan Hutu Power party, they moved to wipe out the Tutsis from the earth, and in the end they were defeated. But the Tutsis are now in power and leading the country. This could be due to various reasons, but the main one was they rose up with the wrong intention.

Basically, the biggest thing that drives people to commit genocide is extreme hatred. Most of the time, this extreme hatred is caused, preached and encouraged by the “educated” people and those who have a thirst for political power. These entities make them achieve their goals by deceiving kind peoples and making them travel in evil ways to achieve their personal needs.

However, because the society lived together, was born and loved, even if a few of their followers commit mischief, the whole population does not follow them. So, it can be seen that their end is failure. But when they pass by doing harm, they pass by crushing the neck of the people so that they cannot walk upright forever.

The German Nazis who exterminated the Jaws failed. The Jaws who claimed to destroy them from the earth are today the leaders of the world and are turning the world upside down. But the Nazis lost their name and today it is a crime to say “I am a Nazi”. Today Germans are ashamed and embarrassed by the destruction that the Nazis did with evil intentions.

Italian fascism invaded Ethiopia because it expected that it would get support from the Italian people. The Ethiopians said they would not surrender, so it committed great destruction and a massacre against the innocents to break/win/ the Ethiopians. But Ethiopia is still alive. But fascism was destroyed. Because of the destruction of fascism, Italians can be seen bowing their heads today.

The case of Rwanda is also not different than this. The Hutu power that took control of the kingdom in order to prolong its reign spread hatred among the people of the brothers. They took a few followers and mobilize their army to wipe out the “Tutsi” race from the earth. Within a hundred days, they massacred nearly one million Tutsis.

However, the Hutu power could not extend their power as they had hoped. Instead, they handed over the power to the Tutsis. Today in Rwanda, the Tutsis are ruling the country. But the Hutus are at a point where they can‟t even walk with their heads held high. This is because Hutus scholars and politicians have made the innocent Hutus to side with them for their personal gain.

This short book also designed to examine the power of Hutu in Rwanda and the Nazi party of Germany, among the countries that are prominently mentioned in the end of the genocide, from the point of view of where Ethiopia is now. The purpose of this book is not to single out and condemn people or groups, but to remind and awaken us to learn from the history of past countries.

The reason why this book is intended to be used as a warning /awakening is, firstly, to make turn those who are following the forces of destruction in our country with weakness and lack of deep understanding; it‟s to allow them to know that they are the ones who are breaking the nation and who are going to destroy the nation, and to enable them not to be complicit in the destruction.

Therefore, the book is divided in to six chapters. Chapter one gives a brief understanding of the crime of genocide in general form the perspective of international law and Ethiopian law. Chapter two from the Nazi party of Germany, explaining how the genocide will begin on a global scale; it also tries to explore the issue of Ethiopia by analyzing the Rwandan Hutu power.

Chapter three explores how perpetrators of genocide prepare for violence against the race they seek to exterminate. Chapter four shows how the perpetrators of the genocide destroy the personality of the race (group) they want to attack in order to bring the innocent to their side. Chapter five shows how the attacking groups weaken the victim group in order to weaken it. And chapter six explores what the beginning of the attack looks like.

Each chapter compares the situation of Nazi Germany, the Hutu group of Rwanda and what is happening in Ethiopia. We believe that reading this book will help readers to understand what is happening in the area. Again, realizing the level of the genocide in Ethiopia, before the final massacre both the aggressors and the victim are prepared to cooperate and read with the belief that this country will be saved from being covered in blood.

Therefore, when readers read this book – (1) To let readers read it while scanning their surroundings; (2) we also have a message that they should be prepared to present solution ideas and be a part of the solution before the disaster occurs. Again we would like to remained you that the book is not designed to deliberately denigrate a group by exploring the history of the two countries and comparing it with what is happening in Ethiopia now. We would like to remind the readers to understand that even if there is one group that comes up again and again in the comparison, it is not intended to denigrate the mentioned group by giving them a task without their work, but from the point of view of the preparation.

CHAPTER ONE

THE NATURE OF GENOCIDE AT A GLANCE

THE NATURE OF GENOCIDE AT A GLANCE

Genocide has been around for centuries1. It has not even been a 100 years since the act was declared a crime by the international community. Genocide was designed as a crime in the world history only after World War II. However, genocide was committed in Latin America, North America, Europe and Africa before World War II. Even the extermination of Jews during World War II was not the first such act in the world.

It‟s not final2. The massacre of Jews was not the first or the last, the act of exterminating Jews from all over Europe during World War II was interpreted as a “crime” by the international community. The first person to write that what was done to the Jews was genocide was Jews Polish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin.

This man escaped from the Nazis and went to America in 1951 as a Swede and wrote a book called “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe”. In this book, the meaning of the action against the Jews is Genocide3. The word Genocide is derived from two words. “Gino” means “seed” in Greek and “cyde” means “kill” or “destroy” in Latin.

In this book, Lemkin gave a meaning to the act of “genocide”, and in his interpretation, an act is called genocide. “These are various actions taken in a coordinated way to destroy a group or nation or a race.

“If these actions are intended to destroy institutions, that are important to a person‟s life, or to destroy a nation or group, or to break and disempower the group, to destroy it. If the goal of the plan is to destroy political or social institutions, the community‟s culture, language, nationalism, health integrity, and the lives of individuals who are members of the group”4, he explained.

After the end of World War II, when a few German Nazi officials were arrested and put on trial in the city of Nuremberg, Lemkin tried to put a lot of pressure on the case to be tried as genocide. But the judges who tried the case rejected it because they were not proud of the crime of genocide, but of the war crimes of the Nazis. But he did not give up hope and pressured the United Nations to listen to him. When the provision of the human rights was approved, the act of genocide was seen as an issue and was included in the law and approved. This treaty was ratified in 1955 and 154 countries signed the treaty. The agreement is called “convention on prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide”.

When this agreement was ratified as part of international law, it contained 19 articles. These articles also include the definition of genocide, the establishment of an international court to hear the case when genocide is committed, the criteria that must be observed to investigate the crime of genocide, and similar activities. The international convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide defines genocide as:-

ARTICLE 2

MEANING

“An act with the intention of destroying all or part of a country, nation race or religion:

Killing the members of the group

Causing physical or mental harm to the members of the group

Torture to cause physical violence, total or partial physical destruction

Sterilizing or taking a sterilization measures to prevent the reproduction of members of a group

Taking the children of one group to another group by force

Following this international convention for prevention of genocide, many countries including Ethiopia, have included in their national laws. However, in many countries, the articles included in the national laws to prevent the crime of genocide are not included in the content different from the international convention. Most of them appear to have copied and pasted the contents of the 1955 convention.

For example, in Ethiopia, the crime of genocide has been established as a crime, and the contents of Penal Code and the criminal code approved in both eras are similar to the 1955 convention. If we look at the article of the criminal Penal code of the Ethiopian Empire issued in 1956 about genocide, we will find that:

ARTICLE 281

GENOCIDE, CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY

Any person, whether in time of peace or in war, who is united in language and customs by race, religion, or politics, planning5 to destroy a part of population of the united nation, whosever, with intent to destroy in whole or in part, by establishing the act of destruction, by giving orders or by putting this action into effect:-

If someone who kills a soul, injures a body or causes damage to the oral and internal health of one of the members of this class in any way.

Whether he/she has done the necessary means to prevent these members from procreating (prevent from breeding) or living

stipulates that, If the people or the children are forcibly moved from place to place and dispersed, or their species is dispersed or completely destroyed, or by keeping them in Exile (refugee) in one place in a situation where there is a risk of death, and causing social damage, he will be punished with imprisonment from five years to life, or if the situation is very serious, he will be sentenced to death. The criminal law of 2003 reinstated the provision of 1956 without making any changes other than amending the words and changing the title of the article. The provision reads as follows:

ARTICLE 269

GENOCIDE

Any person, in time of peace or war, by ordering or carrying out an act of destruction with the intention of exterminating/eliminating all or part of a group united by nationality, ethnicity, tribe, nationality, color, religion or politics:-

in any case, who killed, damaged the physical or mental health of the members of the community, or caused or destroyed physical injuries, or

whether the members of the community use any means to prevent reproduction or survival, or

If he forcibly moves the members of the community or children from place to place or causes them to live in a living condition where they may die or perish, he will be punished with imprisonment for 5 – 25 years, or in severe cases, life imprisonment or death.

We understand from these articles that an act is punishable as a crime of genocide if any or all of the acts listed in the articles are found. We recognize two basic contents in this definition. One is action.

According to the interpretation of the law, an act is said to be genocide if the committed acts are “killing, inflicting physical and mental harm, torture, sterilization, dispersal and abduction of children” to identify a group.

The second is the intent of the perpetrators of the attack. When we look at the concept part, the law focuses not on thinking about committing genocide, but about thinking about exterminating a group. In other words, it sets as a standard that perpetrators and perpetrators of genocide do not think that they will “perform the act”, but that those who have committed the act think that they will destroy or harm a group.

These requirements are seen as a source of debate among experts and legal experts who investigate genocide. In other words, the event listed as “acts” of genocide are listed in an exhaustive list. If this is the case, considering the thinking and technological distance of our time, are the activities listed in 1955 the only methods of genocide? And it because raises such question.

Some scholars argue that this definition is too narrow and focuses only on the Nazi Nuremberg trials. They say that this is what some countries narrowed down to hide the genocide they have committed. For example, there is the massacre committed by America against Japan. There is also what France has done with Germany. Therefore, they all say that it is left in the translated meaning to maintain the balance of the countries6.

There are many ways to eradicate race by those who claim that the definition is narrow. In fact, the act of dehumanization by the media, scholars and government bodies takes the biggest place. Beyond that, they say that the killings are gradually being eradicated and should be paid attention to.

For example, a long-term plan to exterminate a group and killing them one by one without realizing that it is an act of genocide, using government agencies to make groups identified as “them” or members of the group leave the place in shame, should be interpreted as a crime of genocide7.

Of course, although the acts of genocide included in the law are few, we understand that the courts did not see the case only as listed in the law. This is shown by the manner in which the cases presented after the convention was approved in 1955. After 1955, many crimes of genocide were committed in our world.

However, the manner in which these committed crimes are seen is not only according to the exhaustive list provided in the law, but also according to a broad interpretation. For example, in Cambodia, Serbia, Yugoslavia and Rwanda cases of genocide, acts not mentioned in the 1955 convention were considered to be genocide. In the Rwandan genocide, rape was seen as genocide8.

The second thing that has to be considered is when how many people die or suffer physical and mental injuries an act is called genocide? They say that it is the purpose of the action that should be seen rather than the actions. From this point of view, it‟s not the number of people killed or injured that makes an act a crime of genocide, but the intention (objective) of the killer or victimizer.

This expresses the intent of injured party. It means that the victim was attacked for no other reason than the attacker wanting to wipe the victim group off the face of the earth. One of the hallmarks (identification) of genocide is the intent of the aggressor/attacker. Therefore, the provision of the law that says “any person… with intent to destroy” is to indicate this.

So, if we say that an act becomes a crime of genocide, it is not only based on the act, but on the intention of the attacker; how can we prove that the attacker‟s intention was to destroy the victim because of his nation, or his language, or his tribe, or his country, or his religion, or his color?

If it‟s not possible to prove his intention, does the attacker carry out the attack only by other crimes, and does it not give him an opportunity to carry out his plan? Such questions arise.

We find that this question shows the special characteristics of genocide. Basically, genocide is not something that can be conceived, coordinated and carried out overnight. In a special case, we find that it is a crime that “experts/scholars”, the government and the media have been coordinating for a long time. In order to attack the victim group, the attacking group starts by narrating the