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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
The Internet of Things (IOT) has managed to attract the attention of researchers and tech enthusiasts, since it powerfully combines classical networks with instruments and devices.
In Internet of Things Programming Projects, we unleash the power of Raspberry Pi and Python to create engaging projects. In the first part of the book, you’ll be introduced to the Raspberry Pi, learn how to set it up, and then jump right into Python programming. Then, you’ll dive into real-world computing by creating a“Hello World” app using flash LEDs.
As you make your way through the chapters, you’ll go back to an age when analog needle meters ruled the world of data display. You’ll learn to retrieve weather data from a web service and display it on an analog needle meter, and build a home security system using the Raspberry Pi. The next project has a modern twist, where we employ the Raspberry Pi to send a signal to a web service that will send you a text when someone is at the door. In the final project, you take what you've learned from the previous two projects and create an IoT robot car that you can use to monitor what your pets are up to when you are away.
By the end of this book, you will be well versed in almost every possible way to make your IoT projects stand out.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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Internet of Things Programming Projects
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing
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First published: October 2018
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ISBN 978-1-78913-480-3
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Contributors
About the author
Colin Dow is the owner and chief engineer of Sigma Rockets and Aerospace Inc., a model aerospace business. He has enjoyed working with numerous educational facilities and hobbyists in delivering product sales, presentations, and aerospace workshops over the years.
Colin has extensive experience of creating website content, educational documentation, and instructional videos.
He has been a programmer since early home computers first caught his eye. He has worked as a software developer for some of Canada's largest companies, using technologies such as Python, Java, J2EE, PHP, Pearl, Ruby on Rails, Apache, and SOAP web services.
About the reviewer
Arvind Ravulavaru is a platform architect at Ubiconn IoT Solutions, with over 9 years of experience of software development and 2 years experience of hardware and product development. For the last 5 years, he has been working extensively on JavaScript, both on the server side and the client side. Over the past couple of years, his focus has been on IoT, building a platform for rapidly developing IoT solutions named The IoT Suitcase. Prior to that, Arvind worked on big data, cloud computing, and orchestration.
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Internet of Things Programming Projects
Packt Upsell
Why subscribe?
Packt.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewer
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Installing Raspbian on the Raspberry Pi
A brief history of the Raspberry Pi
A look at operating systems for the Raspberry Pi
Project overview
Getting started
Installing the Raspbian OS
Formatting a microSD card for Raspbian
Copying the NOOBS files to the microSD RAM
Running the installer
A quick overview of the Raspbian OS
The Chromium web browser
The home folder
The Terminal
Mathematica
Sonic Pi
Scratch and Scratch 2.0
LibreOffice
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Writing Python Programs Using Raspberry Pi
Project overview
Technical requirements
Python tools for Raspberry Pi
The Terminal
Integrated Development and Learning Environment
Thonny
Using the Python command line
Writing a simple Python program
Creating the class
Creating the object
Using the object inspector
Testing your class
Making the code flexible
Example one
Example two
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Using the GPIO to Connect to the Outside World
Project overview
Technical requirements
Python libraries for the Raspberry Pi
picamera
Pillow
sense-hat and sense-emu
Accessing Raspberry Pi's GPIO
Pibrella
RPi.GPIO
GPIO zero
Setting up the circuit
Fritzing
Building our circuit
Hello LED
Blink LED using gpiozero
Morse code weather data
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Subscribing to Web Services
Prerequisites
Project overview
Getting started
Cloud services for IoT
Amazon Web Services IoT
IBM Watson platform
Google Cloud platform
Microsoft Azure
Weather Underground
A basic Python program to pull data from the cloud
Accessing the web service
Using the Sense HAT Emulator
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Controlling a Servo with Python
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Wiring up a servo motor to the Raspberry Pi
Stepper motors
DC motors
Servo motors
Connecting the servo motor to our Raspberry Pi
Control the servo through the command line
Write a Python program to control the servo
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Working with the Servo Control Code to Control an Analog Device
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Accessing weather data from the cloud
Controlling the servo using weather data
Correcting for servo range
Changing the position of the servo based on weather data
Enhancing our project
Printing out the main graphic
Adding the needle and LED
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Setting Up a Raspberry Pi Web Server
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Introducing CherryPy – a minimalist Python web framework
What is CherryPy?
Who uses CherryPy?
Installing CherryPy
Creating a simple web page using CherryPy
Hello Raspberry Pi!
Say hello to myFriend
What about static pages?
HTML weather dashboard
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Reading Raspberry Pi GPIO Sensor Data Using Python
Project overview
Getting started
Reading the state of a button
Using GPIO Zero with a button
Using the Sense HAT emulator and GPIO Zero button together
Toggling an LED with a long button press
Reading the state from an infrared motion sensor
What is a PIR sensor?
Using the GPIO Zero buzzer class
Building a basic alarm system
Modifying Hello LED using infrared sensor
Configuring a distance sensor
Taking Hello LED to another level
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Building a Home Security Dashboard
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Creating our dashboard using CherryPy
Using the DHT11 to find temperature and humidity
Using the Pi camera to take a photo
Creating our dashboard using CherryPy
Displaying sensory data on our dashboard
Home security dashboard with a temperature sensor
Home security dashboard with quick response
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Publishing to Web Services
Project overview
Getting started
Publishing sensory data to cloud-based services
Install the MQTT library
Set up an account and create a device
Reading sensory data and publishing to ThingsBoard
Creating a dashboard in ThingsBoard
Sharing your dashboard with a friend
Setting up an account for text message transmission
Setting up a Twilio account
Installing Twilio on our Raspberry Pi
Sending a text through Twilio
Creating a new home security dashboard
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Creating a Doorbell Button Using Bluetooth
Project overview
Getting started
Introducing Blue Dot
Installing the bluedot library on the Raspberry Pi
Pairing Blue Dot with your Raspberry Pi
Wiring up our circuit
What is an RGB LED?
Testing our RGB LED
Completing our doorbell circuit
Reading our button state using Bluetooth and Python
Reading button information using Python
Creating a Bluetooth doorbell
Creating a secret Bluetooth doorbell
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Enhancing Our IoT Doorbell
Project overview
Getting started
Sending a text message when someone is at the door
Creating a simple doorbell application with text messaging
Creating a secret doorbell application with text messaging
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Introducing the Raspberry Pi Robot Car
The parts of the robot car
Building the robot car
Step 1 – Adafruit 16-Channel PWM/Servo HAT for Raspberry Pi
Step 2 – Wiring up the motors
Step 3 – Assembling the servo camera mount
Step 4 – Attaching the head
Step 5 – Assembling the DC motor plate
Step 6 – Attaching the motors and wheels
Step 7 – Wiring up the motors
Step 8 – Attaching the camera mount, Raspberry Pi, and Adafruit servo board
Step 9 – Attaching the buzzer and voltage divider
Step 10 – Wiring up T.A.R.A.S
Learning how to control the robot car
Configuring our Raspberry Pi
Python library for Adafruit Servo HAT
Summary
Questions
Controlling the Robot Car Using Python
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Taking a look at the Python code
Controlling the drive wheels of the robot car
Moving the servos on the robot car
Taking a picture
Making a beep noise
Making the LEDs blink
Modifying the robot car Python code
Move the wheels
Move the head
Make sounds
Enhancing the code
Stitching our code together
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Connecting Sensory Inputs from the Robot Car to the Web
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Getting started
Identifying the sensor on the robot car
Taking a closer look at the HC-SR04
Reading robot car sensory data with Python
Publishing robot car sensory data to the cloud
Create a ThingsBoard device
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Controlling the Robot Car with Web Service Calls
Knowledge required to complete this chapter
Project overview
Technical requirements
Reading the robot car's data from the cloud
Changing the look of the distance gauge
Changing the range on the distance gauge
Viewing the dashboard outside of your account
Using a Python program to control a robot car through the cloud
Adding a switch to our dashboard
Controlling the green LED on T.A.R.A.S
Using the internet to make T.A.R.A.S dance
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Building the JavaScript Client
Project overview
Getting started
Introducing JavaScript cloud libraries
Google Cloud
AWS SDK for JavaScript
Eclipse Paho JavaScript client
Connecting to cloud services using JavaScript
Setting up a CloudMQTT account
Setting up an MQTT Broker instance
Writing the JavaScript client code
Running the code
Understanding the JavaScript code
Publishing MQTT messages from our Raspberry Pi
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Putting It All Together
Project overview
Getting started
Building a JavaScript client to connect to our Raspberry Pi
Writing the HTML code
Writing the JavaScript code to communicate with our MQTT Broker
Creating a JavaScript client to access our robot car's sensory data
Writing the code for T.A.R.A.S
Livestreaming videos from T.A.R.A.S
Enhancing our JavaScript client to control our robot car
Nipple.js
HTML5 Gamepad API
Johnny-Five
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Assessments
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
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Preface
The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to unlock the real world the way that the internet unlocked millions of computers just a few decades ago. First released in 2012, the Raspberry Pi computer has taken the world by storm. Originally designed to give newer generations the same excitement to programming that personal computers from the 1980s did, the Raspberry Pi has gone on to be a staple of millions of makers everywhere.
In 1991, Guido van Rossum introduced the world to the Python programming language. Python is a terse language and was designed for code readability.Python programs tend to require fewer lines of code than other programming languages.Python is a scalable language that can be used for anything from the simplest programs to massive large-scale projects.
In this book, we will unleash the power of Raspberry Pi and Python to create exciting IoT projects.
The first part of the book introduces the reader to the amazing Raspberry Pi. We will learn how to set it up and jump right into Python programming. We will start our foray into real-world computing by creating the "Hello World" app for physical computing, the flashing LED.
Our first project takes us back to an age when analog needle meters ruled the world of data display. Think back to those old analog multimeters and endless old sci-fi movies where information was controlled and displayed with buttons and big flashing lights. In our project, we will retrieve weather data from a web service and display it on an analog needle meter. We will accomplish this using a servo motor connected to our Raspberry Pi through the GPIO.
Home security systems are pretty much ubiquitous in modern life.Entire industries and careers are based on the installation and monitoring of them.Did you know that you could easily create your own home security system? In our second project, we do just that, as we build a home security system using Raspberry Pi as a web server to display it.
The humble doorbell has been with us since 1831. In our third project, we will give it a 21st century twist and have our Raspberry Pi send a signal to a web service that will text us when someone is at the door.
In our final project, we take what we've learned from our previous two projects and create an IoT robot car we call T.A.R.A.S (This Amazing Raspberry-Pi Automated Security Agent).
In years to come, driverless cars will become the rule instead of the exception, and ways of controlling these cars will be needed. This final project gives the reader insight and knowledge into how someone would go about controlling cars devoid of a human driver.
Who this book is for
This book is geared toward those who have had some sort of exposure to programming and are interested in learning about the IoT. Knowledge of the Python programming language would be a definite asset. An understanding of, or a keen interest in, object-oriented programming will serve the reader well with the coding examples used in the book.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Installing Raspbian on the Raspberry Pi, sets us off on our Raspberry Pi IoT journey by installing the Raspbian OS on our Raspberry Pi. We will then take a look at some of the programs that come pre-installed with Raspbian.
Chapter 2, Writing Python Programs Using Raspberry Pi, covers how Windows, macOS, and Linux are operating systems that are familiar to developers. Many a book on developing the Raspberry Pi involves using one of these operating systems and accessing the Raspberry Pi remotely. We will take a different approach in this book. We will use our Raspberry Pi as a development machine. In this chapter, we will get our feet wet with using the Raspberry Pi as a development machine.
Chapter 3, Using the GPIO to Connect to the Outside World, explains how, if the Raspberry Pi was just a $35 computer, that would be enough for many of us. However, the real power behind the Raspberry Pi is the ability of the developer to access the outside world through the use of the General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) pins. In this chapter, we will delve into the GPIO and start to connect the Raspberry Pi to the real world. We will create a Morse code generator for our project using an outside LED and then use this generator to blink out simulated weather information.
Chapter 4, Subscribing to Web Services,explores a few web services offered by some of the biggest companies in the world. Our project will use the virtual version of the Raspberry Pi Sense HAT as a ticker to display current weather information from the Yahoo! Weather web service.
Chapter 5, Controlling a Servo with Python,introduces the concept of creating an analog meter needle using a servo motor connected to the Raspberry Pi.
Chapter 6,Working with the Servo Control Code to Control an Analog Device, continues the theme of working with servo motors as we build our first real IoT device, a weather dashboard. Not only will this weather dashboard feature an analog needle; it will use the needle to point to a picture of a suggested wardrobe based on the weather conditions.
Chapter 7, Setting Up a Raspberry Pi Web Server,goes into how to install and configure the web framework CherryPy. We will conclude the chapter by building a local website that displays weather information.
Chapter 8, Reading Raspberry Pi GPIO Sensor Data Using Python,covers how to read the state of a button before moving on to a PIR sensor and distance sensor. We will conclude the chapter by building simple alarm systems.
Chapter 9, Building a Home Security Dashboard, explains how to build a home security dashboard using the Raspberry Pi as a web server serving up HTML content containing sensory data collected from the GPIO.
Chapter 10,Publishing to Web Services,goes into how to measure room temperature and humidity and publish these values to the web through the use of an IoT dashboard. We will also set up and run a text messaging alert using the service Twilio.
Chapter 11,Creating a Doorbell Button Using Bluetooth, turns our focus to using Bluetooth in this chapter. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows for transmission of data over short distances. For our project we will explore the BlueDot app from the Android Play Store. We will use this app to build a simple Bluetooth connected doorbell.
Chapter 12,Enhancing Our IoT Doorbell, will take the simple doorbell we created in Chapter 11, Creating a Doorbell Button Using Bluetooth, and turn it into an IoT doorbell using the knowledge we learned in Chapter 10, Publishing to Web Services.
Chapter 13,Introducing the Raspberry Pi Robot Car, starts us off on our journey into the IoT robot car by introducing This Amazing Raspberry-Pi Automated Security Agent (T.A.R.A.S). This chapter will begin by outlining the components we need to build T.A.R.A.S and then we will proceed to putting it all together.
Chapter 14,Controlling the Robot Car Using Python, goes into how to write Python code for our robot car. We will utilize the GPIO Zero library to make the car wheels move forward, move the servo motors holding the camera, and light up the LEDs at the back of the robot car.
Chapter 15,Connecting Sensory Inputs from the Robot Car to the Web, helps us understand that in order to turn our robot car into a true IoT device we have to connect it to the internet. In this chapter we will connect the distance sensor from our robot car to the internet.
Chapter 16,Controlling the Robot Car with Web Service Calls, continues to turn our robot car into an Internet of Things device by taking a deeper look at the internet dashboard we created for the robot car.
Chapter 17,Building the JavaScript Client,moves our attention away from Python, switching our focus to JavaScript instead. We will use JavaScript to build a web-based client that communicates over the internet using the MQTT protocol.
Chapter 18,Putting It All Together, covers how we will connect our robot car, T.A.R.A.S, to a JavaScript client, and control it over the internet using the MQTT protocol.
To get the most out of this book
To get the most out of this book, I will assume the following:
You have purchased, or will purchase, a Raspberry Pi Computer, preferably a 2015 model or newer.
You have had some exposure to the Python programming language, or are eager to learn it.
You have a basic familiarity with electronic components and how to use a breadboard.
You have purchased, or are willing to purchase, basic electronic components.
In terms of hardware requirements, you will need at least the following:
A Raspberry Pi Model 3 (2015 model or newer)
A USB power supply
A computer monitor
A USB keyboard
A USB mouse
A microSD RAM card
A breadboard and breadboard jumpers
Additional pieces of hardware will be introduced at the beginning of every chapter.
In terms of software requirements, you will require the Raspberry Pi NOOBS image (https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/noobs/). Additional software, accounts, and Python packages will be presented along the way. Any piece of software, web service, or Python package we use in this book is free of charge.
Download the example code files
You can download the example code files for this book from your account atwww.packt.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visitwww.packt.com/supportand register to have the files emailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Log in or register at
www.packt.com
.
Select the
SUPPORT
tab.
Click on
Code Downloads & Errata
.
Enter the name of the book in the
Search
box and follow the onscreen instructions.
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
WinRAR/7-Zip for Windows
Zipeg/iZip/UnRarX for Mac
7-Zip/PeaZip for Linux
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Internet-of-Things-Programming-Projects. In case there's an update to the code, it will be updated on the existing GitHub repository.
We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available athttps://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Download the color images
We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. You can download it here:https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/9781789134803_ColorImages.pdf.
Get in touch
Feedback from our readers is always welcome.
General feedback: If you have questions about any aspect of this book,mention the book title in the subject of your message and email us [email protected].
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Installing Raspbian on the Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is marketed as a small and affordable computer that you can use to learn programming. At least that was its initial goal. As we will see in this book, it is much more than that.
The following topics will be covered in this chapter:
A brief history of the Raspberry Pi
A look at operating systems for the Raspberry Pi
Installing the Raspbian OS
A quick overview of the Raspbian OS
A brief history of the Raspberry Pi
First released in 2012, the first Raspberry Pi featured a 700 MHz single core processor and 256 MB of RAM. The Raspberry Pi 2was released in February of 2015 with a 900 MHz quad core processor and 1 GB of RAM. Released in February of 2016, the Raspberry Pi 3 increased the processor speed to 1.2 GHz.This model was also the first one to include wireless LAN and Bluetooth.
Here is an image of a Raspberry Pi 3 B (2015):
This version of the Raspberry Pi features the following parts:
Four USB 2 ports
A LAN port
A 3.5 mm composite video and audio jack
An HDMI port for video and audio
An OTG USB port (which we will use to connect the power)
A microSD slot (to hold our operating system)
A DSI display port for the Raspberry Pi touchscreen
A
General Purpose Input Output
(
GPIO
) pins
A camera port for a special Raspberry Pi camera
The Raspberry Pi Zero was released in November of 2015. Here is an image of it:
Although not as powerful as the previous Raspberry Pis, the Zero featured a smaller size (65 mm X 30 mm), perfect for projects with limited physical space (namely, wearable projects). Plus, the Raspberry Pi zero was priced at $5 USD, making it very affordable.The Raspberry Pi zero W was released on February 28, 2017 at double the price ($10 USD) with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
The latest model, as of the time of writing, is the Raspberry Pi 3 B+, which was released on March 14, 2018.The processor speed has been upgraded to 1.4 GHz as well as the wireless LAN now supporting both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.Another upgrade is theaddition of Bluetooth low energy, a technology built for applications that do not require large amounts of data to be exchanged but are required to have a long battery life.
Creators of the Raspberry Pi initially believed that they would sell at most 1,000 units.Little did they know that their invention would explode in popularity.As of March 2018, sales of Raspberry Pi computers has passed the 19 million mark.
A look at operating systems for the Raspberry Pi
There are various operating systems (or system images) that may be installed on the Raspberry Pi. These range from application-specific operating systems, such as audio players, to various general purpose operating systems.The power behind Raspberry Pi is the way it can be used for various applications and projects.
The following is a list of just a few of the operating systems (system images) available for the Raspberry Pi:
Volumio
:Do you have a desire to set up a networked audio system where you access your music list using a computer or cell phone?
Volumio may be what you are looking for.
Installing it on a Raspberry Pi creates a headless audio player (a system that does not require a keyboard and mouse) that connects to your audio files either over USB or a network.
A special audio
Hardware Added on Top
(
HAT
)
may be added to your Pi to provide a pristine audio connection to an amplifier and speakers.
There is even a plugin to add Spotify so that you can set up your Raspberry Pi to access this service and play music over your sound system.
PiFM radio transmitter
: The PiFM radio transmitter
turns your Raspberry Pi into an FM transmitter, which you can use to send audio files over the air to a standard FM radio receiver. Using a simple wire connected to one of the GPIO pins (we will learn more about GPIO later), you can create an antenna for the transmitted FM signal, which is surprisingly strong.
Stratux
: ADS-B is the new standard in aviation where geo-location and weather information are shared with ground controllers and pilots.
The Stratux image with additional hardware turns the Raspberry Pi into an ADS-B receiver of this information.
RetroPie
: RetroPie turns your Raspberry Pi into a retro game console by emulating gaming consoles and computers from the past.
Some of the emulations include Amiga, Apple II, Atari 2600, and the Nintendo Entertainment System of the early 1980s.
OctoPi
: OctoPi turns your Raspberry Pi into a server for your 3D printer.
Through OctoPi, you may control your 3D printer over the network, including viewing the status of your 3D printer using a webcam.
NOOBS
: This is arguably the easiest way to install an operating system on the Raspberry Pi.
NOOBS stands for New Out-Of-the Box Software, and we will be using NOOBS to install Raspbian.
Project overview
In this project, we will install the Raspbian operating system onto our Raspberry Pi. After installation, we will take a quick tour of the operating system to familiarize ourselves with it. We will start by formatting a microSD card to store our installation files. We will then run the installation from the microSD card. After Raspbian has been installed, we will take a quick look at it in order to familiarize ourselves with it.
This project should take about two hours to complete, as we install the Raspbian operating system and take a quick look at it.
Getting started
The following is required to complete this project:
A Raspberry Pi Model 3 (2015 model or newer)
A USB power supply
A computer monitor
A USB keyboard
A USB mouse
A microSD RAM card
A Raspberry Pi NOOBS image (
https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/noobs/
)
Installing the Raspbian OS
The Raspbian OS is considered the default or go-to operating system for the Raspberry Pi. In this section, we will install Raspbian using the NOOBS image.
Formatting a microSD card for Raspbian
Raspberry Pi uses a microSD card to store the operating system.This allows you to easily switch between different operating systems (system images) for your Raspberry Pi.We will be installing the default Raspbian OS for our projects using the NOOBS image.
Start by inserting the microSD card into a USB adapter and plug it into your computer:
You may need to format the microSD card.If so, use the utilities appropriate for your computer's operating system to format the card to FAT32. It is recommended that you use a card with a capacity of 8 GB or greater.For Windows OS and cards with 64 GB of capacity or greater, a third-party tool such as FAT32 format should be used for formatting.
Copying the NOOBS files to the microSD RAM
Unzip the NOOBS image that you downloaded. Open up the unzipped directory and drag the files over to the microSD card.
The files should look the same as in the following screenshot:
Running the installer
We will now install Raspbian on our Raspberry Pi. This step should be familiar to those that have previous experience installing operating systems such as Windows or macOS. The Raspbian operating system will be installed and will run off of our microSD card.
To install Raspbian onto our microSD card, do the following:
Start by inserting the microSD card into the appropriate slot on the Raspberry Pi. Be sure to install it so that the label side (opposite side of the exposed contacts) is facing up. Insert it with the metal contacts facing the board.The microSD card should have a slight ridge at the top of the label side, which is good for easy removal using a fingernail.
Insert a keyboard and mouse into the USB slots on the side, a monitor into the HDMI port, and lastly, a USB power cable into the power port.
The Raspberry Pi does not have an on/off switch and will power up as soon as the power cable is connected:
After an initial black screen with rolling white text, you should see the following dialog:
In the previous screenshot, we clicked on the
Language
option. For our purposes, we will keep the default of
English (UK)
. We will also keep the keyboard at the standard
gb
.
As the Raspberry Pi 3 has wireless LAN, we can set up our Wi-Fi (for older boards, please plug a Wi-Fi dongle into a USB port or use the wired LAN port and skip the next step):
Click on the
Wifi networks (w)
button. Choose the
Authentication method
using the radio buttons.Some routers are
equipped with a
WPS
button that allows you to connect directly to the router.To use the
password
method, choose the
Password authentication
radio button and enter the password for your network.
After connecting to your network, you will notice that there are now more operating system options to select
from
:
We will go with the top option,
Raspbian
. Check the box beside
Raspbian [RECOMMENDED]
and then click on the
Install (i)
button at the top-left corner of the dialog. Raspbian will start installing on your Raspberry Pi. You will see a progress bar with previous graphics, describing various features of the Raspbian operating system:
After the progress bar hits 100%, the
computer will reboot and you will see a screen with text before the default desktop loads
up:
A quick overview of the Raspbian OS
The Raspbian desktop is similar to the desktops of other operating systems such as Windows and macOS.Clicking the top-left button drops down the application menu where you may access the various pre-installed programs. We may also shut down theRaspberry Pi from this menu:
The Chromium web browser
The second button from the left loads the Google Chromium web browser for the Raspberry Pi:
The Chromium browser is a lightweight browser that runs remarkably well on the Raspberry Pi:
The home folder
The two-folders button opens up a window showing the home folder:
The home folder is a great place to start when looking for files on your Raspberry Pi. In fact, when you take screenshots using either thescrotcommand or thePrintScreenbutton, the file is automatically stored in this folder:
The Terminal
The third button from the left opens up the Terminal. The Terminal permits command-line access to Raspberry Pi's filesand programs:
It is from the command line where you may update the Raspberry Pi using thesudo apt-get updateandsudo apt-get dist-upgrade commands.
apt-getupdates the packages list, andapt-get dist-upgradeupdates the packages:
It's a good idea to run both of these commands right after installing Raspbian using thesudocommand. The default user for Raspbian on the Raspberry Pi ispi, which is part of the Super Users group in Raspbian, and thus must use thesudocommand (the default password for thepiuser israspberry):
