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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Network-aware applications are becoming more prevalent and play an ever-increasing role in the world today. Connecting and using an Internet-based service is a frequent requirement for many applications. Java provides numerous classes that have evolved over the years to meet evolving network needs. These range from low-level socket and IP-based approaches to those encapsulated in software services.
This book explores how Java supports networks, starting with the basics and then advancing to more complex topics. An overview of each relevant network technology is presented followed by detailed examples of how to use Java to support these technologies.
We start with the basics of networking and then explore how Java supports the development of client/server and peer-to-peer applications. The NIO packages are examined as well as multitasking and how network applications can address practical issues such as security.
A discussion on networking concepts will put many network issues into perspective and let you focus on the appropriate technology for the problem at hand. The examples used will provide a good starting point to develop similar capabilities for many of your network needs
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Seitenzahl: 325
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Table of Contents
Learning Network Programming with Java
Learning Network Programming with Java
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: December 2015
Production reference: 1141215
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78588-547-1
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Credits
Author
Richard M Reese
Reviewer
Daniel MÜHLBACHLER
Commissioning Editor
Veena Pagare
Acquisition Editors
Vivek Anantharaman
Rahul Nair
Content Development Editor
Arshiya Ayaz Umer
Technical Editor
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Copy Editor
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Project Coordinator
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Proofreader
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Indexer
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Cover Work
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About the Author
Richard M Reese has worked in both industry and academia. For 17 years, he worked in the telephone and aerospace industries, serving in several capacities, including research and development, software development, supervision, and training. He currently teaches at Tarleton State University, where he has the opportunity to apply his years of industry experience to enhance his teaching.
Richard has written several Java books and a C Pointer book. He uses a concise and easy-to-follow approach to topics at hand. His Java books have addressed EJB 3.1, updates to Java 7 and 8, certification, functional programming, jMonkeyEngine, and natural language processing.
I would like to thank my daughter, Jennifer, for her numerous reviews and contributions; my wife, Karla, for her continued support; and to the staff of Packt for their work in making this a better book.
About the Reviewer
Daniel MÜHLBACHLER got interested in computer science shortly after entering high school, where he later developed web applications as part of a scholarship system for outstanding pupils.
He has a profound knowledge of web development (PHP, HTML, CSS/LESS, and AngularJS), and has worked with a variety of other programming languages and systems, such as Java/Groovy, Grails, Objective-C and Swift, Matlab, C (with Cilk), Node.js, and Linux servers.
Furthermore, he works with some database management systems based on SQL, and also some NoSQL systems, such as MongoDB, and SOLR. This is also reflected in several projects that he is currently involved in at Catalysts GmbH.
After studying abroad as an exchange student in the United Kingdom, he completed his bachelor's degree at Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria, with a thesis on aerosol satellite data processing for mobile visualization. This is where he also became familiar with processing large amounts of data.
Daniel enjoys solving challenging problems and is always keen on working with new technologies, especially related to the fields of big data, functional programming, optimization, and NoSQL databases.
More detailed information about his experience, as well as his contact details, can be found at www.muehlbachler.org and www.linkedin.com/in/danielmuehlbachler.
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Preface
The world is becoming interconnected on an unprecedented scale with more services being provided on the Internet. Applications ranging from business transactions to embedded applications, such as those found in refrigerators, are connecting to the Internet. With isolated applications no longer being the norm, it is becoming increasingly important for applications to be network enabled.
The goal of this book is to provide the reader with the necessary skills to develop Java applications that connect and work with other applications and services across a network. You will be introduced to a wide range of networking options that are available using Java, which will enable you to develop applications using the appropriate technology for the task at hand.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with Network Programming, introduces the essential network terminology and concepts. The networking support that Java provides is illustrated with brief examples. A simple client/server application is presented along with a threaded version of the server.
Chapter 2, Network Addressing, explains how nodes on a network use addresses. How Java represents these addresses is introduced along with support for IPv4 and IPv6. This chapter also covers how Java can configure various network properties.
Chapter 3, NIO Support for Networking, explains how the NIO package provides support for communication using buffers and channels. These techniques are illustrated with a client/server application. The support that NIO provides for asynchronous communication is also demonstrated.
Chapter 4, Client/Server Development, covers how HTTP is an important and widely-used protocol. Java provides support for this protocol in a variety of ways. These techniques are illustrated along with a demonstration of how cookies are handled in Java.
Chapter 5, Peer-to-Peer Networks, discusses how peer-to-peer networks provide a flexible alternative to the traditional client/server architecture. The basic peer-to-peer concepts are introduced along with demonstrations of how Java supports this architecture. FreePastry is used to illustrate one open source peer-to-peer solution framework.
Chapter 6, UDP and Multicasting, explains how UDP is an alternative to TCP. It provides a less reliable but more efficient way for applications to communicate across the Internet. Java's extensive support for this protocol is demonstrated, including NIO support, and how UDP can support streaming media.
Chapter 7, Network Scalability, explains how, as more demands are placed on a server, systems need to scale to address these demands. Several threading techniques supporting this need are demonstrated, including thread pools, futures, and the NIO's selector.
Chapter 8, Network Security, discusses how applications need to protect against a variety of threats. This is supported in Java using encryption and secure hashing techniques. Symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques are illustrated. In addition, the use of TLS/SSL is demonstrated.
Chapter 9, Network Interoperability, covers how Java applications may need to exchange information with other applications that are written in different languages. The issues that impact an application's interoperability are examined, including byte order. Communication between different implementations is demonstrated using sockets and middleware.
What you need for this book
Java SDK 1.8 is needed for the network programming examples that are encountered in the book. An IDE, such as NetBeans or Eclipse, is recommended. NetBeans IDE 8.0.2 EE edition is used to illustrate the development of a web service.
Who this book is for
This book is for developers who are already proficient in Java and want to learn how to develop network-enabled Java applications. Familiarity with basic Java and object-oriented programming concepts is all that is needed. You will learn the basics of network programming and how to use a multitude of different sockets to create secure and scalable applications.
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The client/server architecture
There are several ways of creating servers using Java. We will illustrate a couple of simple approaches and postpone a detailed discussion of these techniques until Chapter 4, Client/Server Development. Both a client and a server will be created.
A server is installed on a machine with an IP address. It is possible for more than one server to be running on a machine at any given time. When the operating system receives a request for a service on a machine, it will also receive a port number. The port number will identify the server to where the request should be forwarded. A server is, thus, identified by its combination of IP address and port number.
Typically, a client will issue a request to a server. The server will receive the request and send back a response. The nature of the request/response and the protocol used for communication is dependent on the client/server. Sometimes a well-documented protocol, such as theHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), is used. For simpler architectures, a series of text messages are sent back and forth.
For the server to communicate with an application making a request, specialized software is used to send and receive messages. This software is called a socket. One socket is found on the client side, and the other socket is located on the server side. When they connect, communication is possible. There are several different types of sockets. These include datagram sockets; stream sockets, which frequently use TCP; and raw sockets, which normally work at the IP level. We will focus on TCP sockets for our client/server application.
Specifically, we will create a simple echo server. This server will receive a text message from a client and will immediately send it back to that client. The simplicity of this server allows us to focus on the client-server basics.
