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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Serie: A Wiley-Science Wise Co-Publication
- Sprache: Englisch
Covers modern photonics accessibly and discusses the basic physical principles underlying all the applications and technology of photonics. This volume covers the basic physical principles underlying the technology and all applications of photonics from statistical optics to quantum optics. The topics discussed in this volume are: Photons in perspective; Coherence and Statistical Optics; Complex Light and Singular Optics; Electrodynamics of Dielectric Media; Fast and slow Light; Holography; Multiphoton Processes; Optical Angular Momentum; Optical Forces, Trapping and Manipulation; Polarization States; Quantum Electrodynamics; Quantum Information and Computing; Quantum Optics; Resonance Energy Transfer; Surface Optics; Ultrafast Pulse Phenomena. * Comprehensive and accessible coverage of the whole of modern photonics * Emphasizes processes and applications that specifically exploit photon attributes of light * Deals with the rapidly advancing area of modern optics * Chapters are written by top scientists in their field Written for the graduate level student in physical sciences; Industrial and academic researchers in photonics, graduate students in the area; College lecturers, educators, policymakers, consultants, Scientific and technical libraries, government laboratories, NIH.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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PHOTONICS
Scientific Foundations, Technology and Applications
Fundamentals of Photonics and Physics
Volume I
Edited by
DAVID L. ANDREWS
School of Chemical Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Fundamentals of photonics and physics / edited by David L. Andrews. pages cm. – (Photonics ; volume I) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-22553-0 (cloth) 1. Photonics. 2. Photons. 3. Optics. I. Andrews, David L., 1952– TA1520.F86 2015 621.36′5–dc23 2014041293
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: A Photon in Perspective
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Foundations
1.3 Medium Issues
1.4 Photon Localization and Wavefunction
1.5 The Quantum Vacuum and Virtual Photons
1.6 Structured Light
1.7 Photon Number Fluctuations and Phase
1.8 The Reality of Photonics
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2: Coherence and Statistical Optics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classical Theory of Optical Coherence in the Space-Time Domain
2.3 Classical Theory of Optical Coherence in the Space-Frequency Domain
2.4 Cross-Spectrally Pure Optical Fields
2.5 Polarization Properties of Stochastic Beams
2.6 Remarks on Partially Coherent and Partially Polarized Beams
2.7 Basics of Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence
2.8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Notes
Chapter 3: Light Beams with Spatially Variable Polarization
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Poincaré Modes of Beams
3.3 Experimental Approaches
3.4 Polarization Singularities
3.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Quantum Optics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fundamentals
4.3 Open Systems: Inputs and Outputs
4.4 Photon Counting
4.5 Cavity and Circuit QED
References
Chapter 5: Squeezed light
5.1 What is squeezed light?
5.2 Salient features of squeezed states
5.3 Detection
5.4 Preparation
5.5 Applications in quantum information
5.6 Applications in quantum metrology
5.7 Conclusion and outlook
References
Notes
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Theory of Materials
6.1 Preamble
6.2 Macroscopic Viewpoint
6.3 Constitutive Dyadics
6.4 Linear Materials
6.5 Nonlinear Materials
6.6 Closing Remarks
References
Notes
Chapter 7: Surface and Cavity Nanophotonics
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic Formalism
7.3 Dipole Emitter Near Edge
7.4 Quantum Correlations
7.5 Entanglement
7.6 Wedge Cavities
7.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Quantum Electrodynamics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Molecular QED: Principle of Minimal Electromagnetic Coupling
8.3 Multipolar Hamiltonian
8.4 One-Photon Absorption
8.5 Emission of Light: Spontaneous and Stimulated Processes
8.6 Linear Light-Scattering: The Kramers–Heisenberg Dispersion Formula
8.7 Chiroptical Effects
8.8 Two-Photon Absorption
8.9 Nonlinear Light-Scattering: Sum-Frequency and Harmonic Generation
8.10 Resonance Energy Transfer
8.11 van der Waals Dispersion Energy
8.12 Radiation-Induced Interparticle Forces
8.13 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 9: Multiphoton Processes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Molecular Two-Photon Absorption: Basic Principles
9.3 Molecular Two-Photon Fluorescence
9.4 Applications and Future Prospects
9.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10: Orbital Angular Momentum
10.1 Historical Introduction
10.2 Creating Beams with OAM
10.3 Micro-manipulation through the use of OAM
10.4 Beam Transformations
10.5 Measuring Beams with OAM
10.6 OAM in Classical Imaging
10.7 OAM in Nonlinear and Quantum Optics
10.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Introduction to Helicity and Electromagnetic Duality Transformations in Optics
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Symmetries and Operators
11.3 Electromagnetic Duality
11.4 Optical Helicity and Electromagnetic Duality Symmetry
11.5 Duality Symmetry in Piecewise Homogeneous and Isotropic Media
11.6 Applications of the Framework
11.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Slow and Fast Light
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mechanisms of Slow Light
12.3 Physics with Slow and Fast Light
12.4 Some Applications of Slow and Fast Light
12.5 Fundamental Limits on Slow Light
References
Chapter 13: Attosecond Physics: Attosecond Streaking Spectroscopy of Atoms and Solids
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Time-Resolved Photoemission from Atoms
13.3 Streaked Photoemission from Solids
13.4 Attosecond Streaking from Nanostructures
13.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1
Chapter 9
Table 9.1
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Preface
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List of Contributors
David L. Andrews,
School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Mohamed Babiker,
Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
Angus J. Bain,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
Elisabeth M. Bothschafter,
Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Garching, Germany
Robert W. Boyd,
The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Physics and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Howard Carmichael,
Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Enrique J. Galvez,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
Reinhard Kienberger,
Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
Matthias F. Kling,
Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Garching, Germany
Mayukh Lahiri,
IQOQI, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Qing Liao,
J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
A. I. Lvovsky,
Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
Tom G. Mackay,
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Gabriel Molina-Terriza,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Miles J. Padgett,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, SUPA, Glasgow, UK
A. Salam,
Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Zhimin Shi,
Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Frederik Süßmann,
Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Garching, Germany
Uwe Thumm,
J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Emma Wisniewski-Barker,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, SUPA, Glasgow, UK
Preface
Since its inception, the term “photonics” has been applied to increasingly wide realms of application, with connotations that distinguish it from the broader-brush terms “optics” or “the science of light.” The briefest glance at the topics covered in these volumes shows that such applications now extend well beyond an obvious usage of the term to signify phenomena or mechanistic descriptions involving photons. Those who first coined the word partly intended it to convey an aspiration that new areas of science and technology, based on microscale optical elements, would one day develop into a comprehensive range of commercial applications as familiar and distinctive as electronics. The fulfilment of that hope is amply showcased in the four present volumes, whose purpose is to capture the range and extent of photonics science and technology.
It is interesting to reflect that in the early 1960s, the very first lasers were usually bench-top devices whose only function was to emit light. In the period of growth that followed, most technical effort was initially devoted to increasing laser stability and output levels, often with scant regard for possibilities that might be presented by truly photon-based processes at lower intensities. The first nonlinear optical processes were observed within a couple of years of the first laser development, while quantum optics at first grew slowly in the background, then began to flourish more spectacularly several years later. A case can be made that the term “photonics” itself first came into real prominence in 1982, when the trade publication that had previously been entitled Optical Spectra changed its name to Photonics Spectra. At that time the term still had an exotic and somewhat contrived ring to it, but it acquired a new respectability and wider acceptance with the publication of Bahaa Saleh and Malvin Teich's definitive treatise, Fundamentals of Photonics, in 1991. With the passage of time, the increasing pace of development has been characterized by the striking progress in miniaturization and integration of optical components, paving the way for fulfilment of the early promise. As the laser industry has evolved, parallel growth in the optical fiber industry has helped spur the continued push toward the long-sought goal of total integration in optical devices.
Throughout
