Problem solving in 4 steps - Stefano Calicchio - E-Book

Problem solving in 4 steps E-Book

Stefano Calicchio

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Beschreibung

What is problem solving and how does it work? By whom can it be used and with what results? How can problem solving strategies make a difference in people's lives?

This guide has been written in a simple, clear and comprehensive way to go beyond a simple definition of problem solving and explain which strategies are applied by the best problem solvers and leading institutional and corporate organisations to solve problems. In particular, the manual takes the reader by the hand and introduces him/her to the key points of the subject:

- what problem solving is and how it works;
- how to correctly represent a problem and how to correctly define solution hypotheses;
- what insight is and what role this form of thinking plays in problem solving;
- what differentiates experienced from inexperienced solvers and how problem solving skills can be developed.

Learning how to correctly utilise the best problem solving strategies explained in this guide can become an accessible activity for anyone, provided you know how. Stop wasting time on thousands of pages of theoretical manuals and discover what really matters through a simple, stimulating and immediate read.

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Stefano Calicchio

PROBLEM SOLVING IN 4 STEPS

How to understand and deal with problems using the best strategies from psychology and decision science

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Table of contents

Introduction

Step 1: Analysing and defining problems in order to understand and solve them

Step 2: Strategies for representing problems and solutions

Step 3: Insigth and creative solutions to overcome obstacles

Step 4: How to become an expert solver

Conclusion

Appendix - A problem-solving exercise

Self-assessment test

Solutions

Introduction

"There are no huge problems to solve. Even in the worst situations, there are only a series of small problems".

Henry Ford

Why is it so important to understand how problems are formed? What strategies do people usually follow to resolve an uncertain situation? What thought structures do we follow to determine our choices in times of difficulty?

Every day, people are faced with a number of problems or situations from which they wish to escape. Most of these involve matters of little importance. However, sometimes life confronts us with difficult problems with a strong potential to impact our future.

Unfortunately, most people have very little awareness of how to analyse a problem and what strategies can be employed to solve it. In fact, nobody at school ever taught us how to tackle a problem. Nor did they tell us about strategies we can apply to solve problems productively and efficiently.

On the other hand, even those who have become expert solvers are in many cases unable to say what led them to choose one solution over another. As already mentioned, this happens because no one has ever taught us how our brain works when faced with problematic situations. Making decisions and solving problems is a process that mostly passes through unconscious mechanisms.

Thus, most individuals are faced with problems without having (at least initially) the knowledge and means to solve them effectively. They lack the ability to analyse the situation, as well as knowledge about their own role and the strategies to be employed to achieve the objective.

Problems can be of different types, but mainly they can be divided into a few broad categories. For each category, there are more or less effective strategies. On the following pages, you will discover how individuals form evaluations or estimates when faced with problems. But we will also discuss the cognitive errors that systematically affect our actions in certain situations.

Finally, we will outline what the characteristics of expert decision-makers are and what we can learn from them in order to significantly improve our quality of life.