Rituals for Virtual Meetings E-Book

Kursat Ozenc

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 259

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Do your virtual meetings feel like a drag? Learn how to use rituals to build trust, increase engagement, and spark creativity. We rely on virtual meetings now more than ever. However, they can often feel awkward, monotonous, and frustrating. If you're not thrilled with your virtual meetings, rituals can help your group break through to better results by providing structures that unlock freedom. With rituals, virtual meetings can be moments that are elevated and nurtured, opportunities for people to build connection and trust while accomplishing a common goal. In Rituals for Virtual Meetings: Creative Ways to Engage People and Strengthen Relationships authors Kursat Ozenc and Glenn Fajardo show leaders, managers, and meeting organizers how to build rapport and rhythm amongst team members when everyone is not in the same physical space. Rituals for Virtual Meetings provides readers with practical, concrete steps to improve group cohesion and performance, including: * How to make virtual meetings more fluid and less awkward * How to reduce Zoom fatigue and sustain people's energy during meetings * How to facilitate better interactions with project partners, customers, and clients * How community leaders can engage members in a virtual setting * How teachers can engage students in virtual classrooms Perfect for anyone who needs to engage people in virtual settings, the book also belongs on the shelves of anyone interested in how to increase team engagement in a variety of contexts.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Ritual Index

Profiles

PART ONE: How Rituals Make Virtual Meetings More Engaging, Productive, and Meaningful

1 The Power of Rituals in Transforming Virtual Meetings

Introduction

2 Meetings as Moments to Be Elevated and Nurtured

In-Person and Virtual

Elements of Rituals That Can Help People Have a Better Meeting

Goals

Time

Roles

Words

Gestures

Energy

3 The Secret Science of Virtual Meetings

PART TWO: Rituals for Virtual Meetings

4 Rituals for Beginning and Ending a Meeting with Engagement

8 Rituals for Beginning and Ending a Meeting with Engagement

01 Hi By Name

02 Guided Breathing

03 Detailed Inquiry

04 Last Line

05 Opening Scene

06 On Purpose

07 Parting A-ha

08 PDA (Public Display of Appreciation)

5 Rituals for Focus, Engagement, and Flow

8 Rituals for Focus, Engagement, and Flow

01 Soundscape

02 For All to See

03 The Optimist Mirror

04 Perspective Pause

05 Curiosity Timeout

06 Conductor’s Wand

07 Background Together

08 Virtual Etiquette Guide

6 Rituals for Resilience and Rejuvenation

8 Rituals for Resilience and Rejuvenation

01 Olympic Workout

02 New Sensation

03 The Variety Hour

04 Virtual Charades

05 Personal Tour

06 Around the World in 60 Minutes

07 Serendipity Scavenger Hunt

08 Walk and Talk

7 Rituals for Creating Connection and Building Relationships

8 Rituals for Connection and Building Relationships

01 Road Trip

02 Connection Web

03 Virtual High-Quality Connection

04 Smell Together

05 Team Positivity Contagion

06 You Never Would Have Guessed

07 Conversation Cuts

08 Team Symbol

8 Rituals for 1:1 Meetings

8 Rituals for 1:1 Meetings

01 Special of the Week

02 Battery Charger & Drainer

03 Get Help / Give Help

04 If Only…

05 Always Appreciate

06 Life Stories

07 One Surprise

08 Uncommon Parallels

9 Rituals for Transitions and Shifting Culture

8 Rituals for Transitions and Shifting Culture

01 New Hire Intro

02 The Day Finale

03 The Festschrift Farewell

04 Meet n’ Three

05 How We Roll

06 Hero’s Check-In

07 The Fake Commute

08 The Unlearn Moment

PART THREE: Beyond the “Office”

10 Rituals for Teaching and Training Online

8 Rituals for Teaching and Training Online

01 Hand Shake Down

02 Pass the Question

03 Two Point Mashup

04 Hand Signal Expressions

05 Pass the Mic

06 Previous Episode

07 Opening Credits

08 Secret Phrase

11 Rituals for Social Gatherings

8 Rituals for Social Gatherings

01 Fake Surprise Birthday

02 Different Question

03 Name Tag

04 Best Thing I Ate

05 Play & Live Day

06 Because DJ

07 That Thing We Do

08 Spread the Warmth

References

Acknowledgments

Authors

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

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Praise for Rituals for Virtual Meetings

“Kursat and Glenn offer useful insights about our everyday interactions, and they turned those insights into practical tools. This is a handbook for anyone who has ever wanted to transform a virtual meeting from an exhausting slog into an energizing and enjoyable playground.”

—Emi Kolawole, General Troublemaker & Head of Internal Communications at X The Moonshot Factory

“Workplace rituals are a powerful, unspoken tool to build community, strengthen culture, and enhance belonging—whether you're in person or in a virtual work space. Kursat and Glenn's compelling compendium is a roll-up-your-sleeves deep dive into innovative, business-savvy ritual design that will help you and your co-workers purposefully, meaningfully, and creatively gather together online.”

—Annette Ferrara, Workplace Experience Director, IDEO

“For centuries, humans have innately understood that small, tangible acts done routinely can carry value and meaning. These “rituals” can help build the muscle memory of an organization’s culture. I am excited that this book helps now more humans to leverage the power of rituals and bring them to life in new ways, preparing organizations for a new virtual normal. The authors offer guidance on how to experiment with rituals in virtual meetings, taking an organization's culture ultimately from good to great.”

—Dr. Frederik G. Pferdt, Google's Chief Innovation Evangelist; Adjunct Professor, Stanford University

Rituals for Virtual Meetings

Creative Ways to Engage People and Strengthen Relationships

Kürşat Özenç, PhD

Glenn Fajardo

Copyright © 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available:

ISBN 9781119755999 (paperback)ISBN 9781119755982 (ePDF)ISBN 9781119756019 (ePub)

Cover Design and Illustration: Kürsat Özenç

Kürşat dedicates this book to Margaret, Kerem, Teoman, and Leyla.

Glenn dedicates this book to Mom and Dad.

Ritual Index

Chapter 4

Hi By Name

Guided Breathing

Detailed Inquiry

Last Line

Opening Scene

On Purpose

Parting A-ha

PDA (Public Display of Appreciation)

Chapter 5

Soundscape

For All to See

The Optimist Mirror

Perspective Pause

Curiosity Timeout

Conductor’s Wand

Background Together

Virtual Etiquette Guide

Chapter 6

Olympic Workout

New Sensation

The Variety Hour

Virtual Charades

Personal Tour

Around the World in 60 Minutes

Serendipity Scavenger Hunt

Walk and Talk

Chapter 7

Road Trip

Connection Web

Virtual High- Quality Connection

Smell Together

Team Positivity Contagion

You Never Would Have Guessed

Conversation Cuts

Team Symbol

Chapter 8

Special of the Week

Battery Charger & Drainer

Get Help / Give Help

If only

Always Appreciate

Life Stories

One Surprise

Uncommon Parallels

Chapter 9

New Hire Intro

The Day Finale

The Festschrift Farewell

Meet n’ Three

How We Roll

Hero’s Check-In

The Fake Commute

The Unlearn Moment

Chapter 10

Hand Shake Down

Pass the Question

Two Point Mashup

Hand Signal Expressions

Pass the Mic

Previous Episode

Opening Credits

Secret Phrase

Chapter 11

Fake Surprise Birthday

Different Question

Name Tag

Best Thing I Ate

Play & Live Day

Because DJ

That Thing We Do

Spread the Warmth

Profiles

Nick Fortugno

Game Designer and Educator at Parsons; CCO of Playmatics

Jeff Zacks

Associate Chair, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Professor of Radiology

Marica Rizzo

Community Manager, Acumen

J. P. Stephens

Associate Professor of Organizational Behavior at Case Western Reserve University - Weatherhead School of Management

Laila von Alvensleben

Head of Culture and Collaboration at MURAL

Jane Dutton

Professor at University of Michigan (Emerita)

Jesper Frøkjær Sørensen

Associate Professor, Department of the Study of Religion, Aarhus University

Joumana Mattar

Service and Organizational Change Manager at 4AM | An EY Venture

Leticia Britos Cavagnaro

Co-Director, University Innovation Fellows Program and Adjunct Professor, d.school, Stanford University

Mario Roset

Co-Founder and CEO at Civic House

Hello!

PART ONEHow Rituals Make Virtual Meetings More Engaging, Productive, and Meaningful

1The Power of Rituals in Transforming Virtual Meetings

Introduction

“Imagine if tomorrow — like literally tomorrow, the day after today — there was some kind of global disaster, and suddenly humans could interact only through computers. It’s unclear when — or if — face-to-face contact will be possible again. It might be a while. Maybe that disaster is a zombie apocalypse, or a sudden change in the atmosphere, or something else.”

This is a prompt for an exercise called “Virtual Humanity” that one of us (Glenn) developed in 2017. We never imagined this exercise would become too real in early 2020. People were scrambling to make virtual “work” in schools, businesses, nonprofits, governments, and communities. Virtual collaboration had previously been an emerging topic in “future of work” discussions, but suddenly became a pressing topic in “present of work” conversations. People were suddenly struggling to connect.

Humans are social beings. We are wired to connect with other people to feel alive and well (Liebermann, 2013). Without connection, our very existence is in danger and crisis. In the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, we found ourselves in the midst of such a crisis across all walks of life. Social distancing made “social” feel distant.

In theory, we had a set of miracle technologies that could help us stay connected. When you think about it, it’s kind of crazy that technology such as video conferencing – or the Internet itself – could be so widely available. But in reality, it was frustrating for many people. Why?

Part of it was the limitations of the technology. For example, there were many news articles about difficulties on Zoom calls, with common themes such as Zoom not accounting for things such as cues, synchrony and mimicry (how humans synchronize and mimic each other), eye contact, who’s where in the grid, and constantly seeing yourself.

However, there was a more fundamental problem. Many of the norms and conventions from in-person meetings didn’t work well in the virtual meetings that we were suddenly thrown into.

People largely tried to recreate what they did in-person in their virtual meetings, largely because that’s the only experience that was familiar to them. Many people approached virtual meetings with a deficit mindset where “it’s never as good as in-person,” and they ended up with sad, second-rate copies of in-person experiences. So the screen-bound interactions frustrated people (Murphy, 2020), made them feel awkward, and tired them out (Kost, 2020). People longed for better human connection.

However, if we are honest with ourselves, we weren’t thriving at connecting and building relationships in-person before the COVID-19 pandemic forced people completely online.

The so-called loneliness epidemic had been sweeping the world. By 2020, three out of five Americans were feeling lonely and a sense of abandonment (Renken, 2020). The U.K. government, for instance, assigned a minister to address the challenges of loneliness (Yeginsu, 2018). By 2015, China was raising the “loneliest generation” as the one-child policy was just ending (Wong, 2019). Loneliness is related to higher health risk and premature death (Holt-Lunstad, 2018).

Work life has been reinforcing this feeling of isolation with its sterile workplace conditions and its culture. Engagement across the U.S. workforce has been fluctuating around 30% for the past two decades (Adkins, 2016). The disengagement and a sense of loneliness increases when coworkers don’t have shared goals. Meetings are one of the most prominent manifestations of lack of common purpose. 67% of meetings are seen as failures (Gandhi, 2019). Meetings are perceived both as a necessity and a curse. On the one hand, they can be key to moving things forward. But on the other hand, they often end up as missed opportunities to connect and as distractions to deep work.

We believe meetings are moments to be elevated and nurtured.

Good meetings help people build relationships, align on purpose, and get things done, whether a meeting is in-person or virtual. However, virtual is newer terrain for most people. The challenge is the disorienting unfamiliarity. The opportunity is the possibility to have deeper connections, shared purpose, and greater accomplishments wherever we are.

Rituals can support us with scaffolding as we find our footing in virtual meetings.

Our perspective is informed by our experiences in virtual collaboration and ritual design, including both of our teaching experiences at the d.school, a.k.a. the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, at Stanford University. For 12 years, Glenn has been a practitioner of virtual collaboration, working with people and organizations across six continents engaged in social impact work. He specializes in teaching classes and workshops on how to collaborate virtually, such as Design Across Borders. Kursat has been teaching and researching rituals with students and partner organizations both in the U.S. and in Europe. He shared his recent learnings from his teaching and consulting in Rituals for Work (Ozenc, 2019).

Our perspective is rooted in a vision that virtual meetings can be satisfying experiences with high-intensity and high-quality human connection, like a good movie. The inspiration for this vision comes from an unusual place: Sufi concepts of time and space. Kursat grew up in a culture where mythical Sufi stories shape the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

Bast-i zaman and Tayyi-mekan

In Sufism, the concept of bast-i zaman articulates the possibility of expanding time within a set time. A surprising number of important things can happen in a short amount of time when there’s alignment between the individual(s) and a higher purpose. For instance, you can finish a month-long task in an hour when you experience this alignment and connection.

In organizational psychology research, Jane Dutton talks about a similar idea with her high-quality connections concept. She defines a high-quality connection as a “shorter-term interaction you have with someone virtually or face-to-face, in which both people feel lit up and energized by the connection.” Jane articulates how to nurture such a rich relationship with empathy, resilience, and openness.

The concept of tayyi-mekan adds another layer to the high-quality connections. If a Sufi passes certain spiritual states of consciousness, there is a sense in which he can be present in multiple places at once. It’s somewhat analogous to a person being virtually present to colleagues in different parts of the world. But the concept is deeper than that. You might have noticed that there’s a difference between simply appearing on a screen in a virtual meeting and feeling present to your colleagues. In Sufism, multiple presences happen when people feel a core presence of a shared goal and purpose (i.e. unity with a higher cause). Virtual meetings are most engaging when participants feel a strong sense of shared purpose, and rituals can help. There’s a strong body of ritual know-how that is rooted in centuries-old traditions of connection and community, from Sufism to Zen Buddhism. More principles from such traditions are waiting to be rediscovered as ways to guide virtual connection and community.

How do we make this vision of core presence and connection a reality? We draw upon three inspirational spaces: 1) waves of experimentation during the pandemic, 2) audiovisual arts and game design, 3) cognitive science and organizational psychology.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, preventive measures such as shelterin-place forced people to connect with other people virtually, and the world felt like a big laboratory of social interactions. From virtual whiteboard games (Alvensleben, 2018) to sing-a-long rituals of Italian neighborhoods (Kearney, 2020), these experiments created energy to define new ways of interacting and participating. We think experimentation can be further sharpened with the tools of design thinking, where we notice underlying needs, define actionable opportunities, and experiment rapidly.

We’re inspired by what we can draw from audiovisual arts and game design. There’s a lot we can learn from how movies, radio shows, and games create alternate worlds that we can enter, engage in, and come out changed.

For example, consider screen fatigue. How often do you get screen fatigue when watching movies or Netflix? It’s probably a lot less often than you do with video conference meetings. But why? Some of it has to do with the level of concentration required, but some of it has to do with how movies are in some ways closer to how we see the world. (We’ll explain that and other inspirations in Chapter 3.) This book will help you plan your meetings with a narrative structure so they feel a little more exciting and memorable, a little more like a movie.

This book will also draw on cognitive science and organizational psychology. These fields have critical insights that help us interact in more human ways when we are not in the same room. When we understand a bit more about how our brain works and how groups work, we can create meetings that feel more human using technologies available today. Helping you do that in your virtual meetings is the goal of this book.

Challenges of Virtual Meetings

If we reflect on our relationships, we would discover that meetings – in the broader sense of the term – are the cornerstone of our work and social lives. From two-person coffee chats to gatherings of thousands of people, we meet to talk, explore, and do things together. When we shift from in-person meetings to virtual, we observe the following challenges.

Our use of our senses changes

During a physical experience, such as an annual retreat party with our colleagues, we use all our senses. People without disabilities can see, hear, smell, touch, and taste. The music we hear, the food we eat, and the friends we see at that party can combine to create special moments. Research shows that we use our senses in pairs. For instance, vision and sound complement each other to increase our understanding of space.

How we use our senses changes dramatically with the way most virtual meetings are run today. There’s an overload to hearing and seeing – and an underload to touching, smelling and tasting – which can lead to getting burned out. Without the engagement of a broader array of senses, we have less fulfilling experiences. To have more fulfilling virtual experiences, we need to learn how we can engage our different senses together when we are not in the same place.

Tech is not quite there yet

Katie is a senior manager at a medium-sized company. She leads a team of six people while being part of multiple cross-functional initiatives with her peers in the company. She spends her days on back-to-back virtual meetings in front of a laptop across multiple time zones. She feels drained after work, making it hard to connect with her family.

Research shows that when people are using video conferencing during virtual meetings, they experience a different cognitive load. As psychiatrist Emily Williams described, with videoconferencing, we both have too much and too little. We have too much of the illusion of presence and too little of the information that comes with physical presence (Petriglieri, 2020). There can be slight delays that throw you off. We’re not sure how long to look, where to look, and when to do so. If you stared at people’s faces too much with videoconferencing in 2020, you’d experience this dissonance in a way that forced you to expend extra effort and energy. And so Katie gets drained.

Social expectations are unclear

The year 2020 will partly be remembered as the year of awkward virtual social gatherings.

Larry lives with his daughter and wife. They attended 10 virtual social gatherings together in a month. The ambiguity during those well-intentioned gatherings became wearisome, with countless awkward moments when people didn’t know what to say to whom.

When we get together for the sake of a project in a work context, we at least have some sense of direction since there’s a shared goal of completing something. When we get together virtually for strictly social reasons, it can be hard to deeply connect with people. Up to this point in history, the intimacy that we feel with most of our friends and family has been mediated by the spatial relationship between our bodies. When we suddenly could not be in the same physical spaces, we didn't understand how to sustain connections. In unfamiliar virtual terrain and without a clear purpose for social gatherings, we didn’t know what to do when we were together. And it was socially awkward to leave.

Unfamiliar context disorients

The previous three challenges all contribute to a broader challenge: The context of virtual can be disorienting because it is unfamiliar and so different from what we are used to in-person.

Let’s illustrate this with an analogy. Imagine you were suddenly thrown into space on a spacecraft. (Let’s imagine you had a pressurized cabin with oxygen which kept you alive.) Gravity works differently. You start moving in three dimensions instead of two, and moving around feels completely different. You experience touch differently because your feet aren’t grounded. (There is no “ground!”)

If you were a trained astronaut, you’d be totally fine. If anything, you’d be exhilarated because you were prepared for the context so you could navigate it and enjoy it. But if you weren’t prepared for the context of space, you might get anxious, frustrated, and maybe queasy.

When people suddenly go from the familiar in-person to the unfamiliar virtual, it’s like going from Earth to space.

When we meet physically, we know how to go about it based on our understanding of the context. While having a conversation, that familiar physical context fills in the spaces that we do not explicitly cover. It helps us understand the situation, read the room, and steer our conversations with other people.

When we meet virtually, we can get disoriented because we’re not yet used to the context. In this unfamiliar territory, we don’t have the familiar norms and interaction rituals of the physical world. We don’t have subtle cues such as the full body language of a person to build a context.

To summarize, virtual meetings pose several challenges. To sustain a healthy conversation with people during a meeting, we need to have an understanding of context. Many people have virtual interactions where context is not yet wellunderstood, and many people are not yet aware of how we can use more of our senses in virtual. Without a good footing, people put in extra effort to sustain interactions and conversations, which leads to strenuous cognitive load. Being in situations that lack clear purpose – such as many virtual social gatherings – can also cause challenges around emotional well-being.

The Power of Rituals for Virtual Meetings

When we face an unfamiliar context that disorients and challenges our well-being, we look for tangible things and experiences to hold on to (Winnicott, 1973). These tangible things and experiences give us a sense of control and order. One vivid example of this is a toddler’s security blanket. When a child begins to perceive that she is a different person than her parents, she is in disarray like that non-astronaut in space. Growing into independence is exhilarating, but it’s also disorienting on many different levels. Emotions are like an iceberg with some delight above water but a lot of fear and anxiety beneath the surface. The security blanket helps the child to adapt to this new state of being. Later in life, instead of a security blanket, we use and sometimes invent rituals to overcome anxiety that comes with new circumstances (Evans-Pritchard, 1965). Rituals in that sense are an evolutionary human invention, to adapt and grow into new states of being.

Rituals from the Trobriand fishermen tribe in Papua New Guinea tell us a lot about how rituals can help people in times of unfamiliarity. The tribe has two distinct fishing practices. When the fishermen fish in the safe harbor of the nearby lagoon lake, they go about their fishing routine without any ceremony. When the fishermen decide to fish in the open waters of the ocean, they deploy elaborate magic rituals to feel safe. Rituals provide them perceived control (Malinowski, 1948).

In-person meetings are our safe harbor, and virtual meetings are our open waters. Rituals can address the contextual unknowns of the virtual relationships. Rituals can mitigate the risks associated with those unknowns by emotionally and mentally preparing people.

How do rituals work and address such a fundamental need for adaptation? Rituals are complex experiences. They can operate at different scales at once. From a bird’s, eye view, rituals can give form to an entire experience, such as a graduation ceremony. From a first-person view, rituals can also shape how two people interact when they first meet, such as a greeting ritual. On both scales, it helps people to adapt and live well with other people and their environment. Ritual does this by taking a mundane routine moment and flips it into something meaningful and special.

What do we mean by ritual?

In our work over the years, we’ve observed that people use practices, games, activities, and routines interchangeably with rituals. To clarify what we mean by ritual, we will give our working definition:

Rituals are acts that we perform with intention following a pattern. They involve a symbolism that helps us invest and harvest meaning in those special moments (Ozenc and Hagan, 2019).

The power of rituals comes from flipping mundane moments into special ones. Moments are the ingredients of rituals, as flour is for bread. The strength of rituals comes from elevating negative or dull emotions in those moments to positive emotions with energy.

Before we go further, let’s make a clear distinction between a routine and a ritual. Rituals have routine qualities in that they are repetitive and require you to follow a pattern. However, unlike routines, rituals are conscious and intentional. A routine is unconscious and unremarkable. A ritual is mindful and memorable. When rituals lose their intention, they decay into routines that hold less meaning.