The House of Bondage E-Book

Octavia Victoria Rogers

• Herausgeber: Andura Publishing
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020

Beschreibung

A true and powerful story of the resilience of the human spirit. An American classic.

Das E-Book wird angeboten von und wurde mit folgenden Begriffen kategorisiert:

Leseprobe

The House of Bondage,

or, Charlotte Brooks and Other Slaves, Original and Life Like,

As They Appeared in Their Old Plantation and City Slave Life;

Together with Pen-Pictures of the Peculiar Institution, with Sights and Insights

into Their New Relations as Freedmen, Freemen, and Citizens:

Albert, Octavia V. Rogers (Octavia Victoria Rogers), 1853-1889?

WITH AN INTRODUCTION

BY

REV. BISHOP WILLARD F. MALLALIEU, D.D.

PREFACE.

         THE following pages, giving the result of conversations and other information gathered, digested, and written by Mrs. Octavia V. Rogers, deceased wife of the Rev. A.E.P. Albert, A.M., D.D., first appeared in the columns of the South-western Christian Advocate, some months after her death, as a serial story, under the name of The House of Bondage. It was received with such enthusiasm and appreciation that no sooner was the story concluded than letters poured in upon the editor from all directions, urging him to put it in book form, so as to preserve it as a memorial of the author, as well as for its intrinsic value as a history of negro slavery in the Southern States, of its overthrow, and of the mighty and far-reaching results derived therefrom.

         No special literary merit is claimed for the work. No special effort was made in that direction; but as a panoramic exhibition of slave-life, emancipation, and the subsequent results, the story herein given, with all the facts brought out, as each one speaks for himself

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and in his own way, is most interesting and life-like.

         The conversations herein given are not imaginary, but actual, and given as they actually occurred. No one can read these pages without realizing the fact that "truth is often stranger than fiction." As such we present it to the public as an unpretentious contribution to an epoch in American history that will more and more rivet the attention of the civilized world as the years roll around.

         An only daughter unites with the writer in sending out these pages penned by a precious and devoted mother and wife, whose angelic spirit is constantly seen herein, and whose subtle and holy influence seems to continue to guide and protect both in the path over which they since have had to travel without the presence and cheer of her inspiring countenance.

         To her sacred memory these pages, the result of her efforts, are affectionately inscribed.

A.E.P. ALBERT.

LAURA T.F. ALBERT.

EDITORIAL ROOMS South-western Christian Advocate, NEW ORLEANS, LA., November 15, 1890.

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CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

CHARLOTTE BROOKS.

Causes of immorality among colored people--Charlotte Brooks--She is sold South--Sunday work . . . . . 1

CHAPTER II.

CHARLOTTE'S STORY.

Meeting Jane Lee from Virginia--Conversion of Charlotte Brooks . . . . . 7

CHAPTER III.

AUNT CHARLOTTE'S FRIENDS.

Death of Aunt Charlotte's children--Jane Lee's master leaves the neighborhood--Nellie Johnson tries to escape to her old Virginia home . . . . . 14

CHAPTER IV.

CRUEL MASTERS.

Nellie Johnson is barbarously treated--Sam Wilson living in the swamps of Louisiana--Richard's wife living on another plantation--His master refuses to allow him to visit her--Caught by patrollers and beaten almost to death . . . . . 21

CHAPTER V.

GREAT TRIBULATIONS.

The death of Lena--Her dying testimony--Aunt Charlotte's mistress ties a servant by the thumbs--She returns and finds her dead . . . . . 27

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CHAPTER VI.

A KIND MISTRESS.

Death of Aunt Charlotte's mistress--Second marriage of her master--George beaten nearly to death and one of his eyes put out for being overheard talking about freedom . . . . . 35

CHAPTER VII.

BROKEN-DOWN FREEDMEN.

Aunt Charlotte splitting rails--In Sunday-school--Joe Sims, a runaway, sleeping in the woods with rattlesnakes-- Eating out of trash-boxes . . . . . 42

CHAPTER VIII.

THE CURSE OF WHISKY.

The Methodist Episcopal Church--The colored people and whisky-drinking--When the Yankees came to Louisiana--The end of Aunt Charlotte's story . . . . . 49

CHAPTER IX.

JOHN AND LORENDO.

Work to be done--John Goodwin and Lorendo, his wife --Uncle John's little brother washed away by the rain . . . . . 57

CHAPTER X.

A CONVERTED CATHOLIC.

Going to church on Sunday in Georgia--Ill-treatment of Uncle John's daughter--Aunt Lorendo's second visit --Her conversion from Romanism--Her Cousin Albert to be hung--Hattie runs away and gives birth to a child in the woods . . . . . 65

CHAPTER XI.

PRISON HORRORS.

Uncle John taking lessons--Andersonville horrors-- Blood-hounds--Silas bitten by blood-hounds and eaten by buzzards . . . . . 75

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CHAPTER XII.

SALLIE SMITH'S STORY.

Sallie Smith living in the woods--Death of her mother-- The ill-treatment she suffered . . . . . 86

CHAPTER XIII.

IN THE WOODS.

Aunt Sallie's cruel treatment, continued--Her brother Warren runs away and joins her in the woods . . . . . 94

CHAPTER XIV.

UNCLE STEPHEN JORDON.

Uncle Stephen sold with a calf--A sheriff's sale in slave-days-- He is made to leave his wife, and children, and his master gives him another wife--He does not want the new wife . . . . . 101

CHAPTER XV.

COUNTERFEIT FREE PAPERS.

Uncle Stephen's cabin searched and his counterfeit free papers found by the overseer--His master, about to kill him, determines to sell him--Uncle Stephen's new master--His break for freedom and capture-- Sentenced to be hanged--He finally gets free . . . . . 109

CHAPTER XVI.

UNCLE CEPHAS'S STORY.

Lizzie Beaufort determines to die rather than lead a wicked life--Cato runs away, and finally makes his way to freedom by the aid of the Underground Railroad--Cato becomes a soldier, a senator, a congressman--How Uncle Cephas learned to read, bought himself, and became a rich and honored citizen . . . . 119

CHAPTER XVII.

A COLORED SOLDIER.

Colonel Douglass Wilson on the war--Color-bearer Planchiancio and Captain Caillioux--Joel Brinkley, a Yankee school-teacher, caned nearly to death . . . .129

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CHAPTER XVIII.

NEGRO GOVERNMENT.

Kuklux--Reign of terror--Black laws--Reconstruction--Colored men in constitutional conventions and State legislatures--Lieutenant-Governor Dunn--Honest Antoine Dubuclet--Negro problem--What the race has accomplished since the war--Emigration and colonization . . . . . 138

CHAPTER XIX.

THE COLORED DELEGATES.

The Methodist General Conference of 1888--Negro delegates--Reception tendered them by Mrs. General Grant--Presentation of a Bible to Mrs. Grant--Dr. Minor's great presentation address . . . . . 148

CHAPTER XX.

A TOUCHING INCIDENT.

Cotton Centennial Exposition of I884--Dr. Lee's great Speech--Aunt Jane Lee finds her long-lost son--The reunion . . . . . 156

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INTRODUCTION.

         THE story of slavery never has been and never will be fully told. In the last letter that John Wesley ever wrote, addressed to Wilberforce, the great abolitionist, and dated February 24, 1791, and this only six days before his tireless hand was quieted in death, he wrote these words: "I see not how you can go through your glorious enterprise in opposing that execrable villainy" (slavery and the slave-trade), "which is the scandal of religion, of England, and of human nature. Unless God has raised you up for this very thing you will be worn out by the opposition of men and devils; but if God be for you who can be against you? Are all of them together stronger than God? O, 'be not weary in well doing.' Go on in the name of God and the power of his might till even American slavery, the vilest that ever saw the sun, shall vanish away before it."

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         It is because American slavery was "the vilest that ever saw the sun" that it is and will remain forever impossible to adequately portray its unspeakable horrors, its heartbreaking sorrows, its fathomless miseries of hopeless grief, its intolerable shames, and its heaven-defying and outrageous brutalities.

         But while it remains true that the story can never be completely told, it is wise and well that the task should be attempted and in part performed; and this for the reason that there are some who presume that this slavery, "the vilest that ever saw the sun," has been, and is still, of divine appointment; in short, that from first to last it was a divine institution. It is well to remind all such people that the Almighty Ruler of the universe is not an accessory, either before or after the fact, to such crimes as were involved in slavery. Let no guilty man, let no descendant of such man, attempt to excuse the sin and shame of slave-holding on the ground of its providential character. The truth is that slavery is the product of human greed and lust and oppression, and not of God's ordering.

         Then it is well to write about slavery that

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the American people may know from what depths of disgrace and infamy they rose when, guided by the hand of God, they broke every yoke and let the oppressed go free. Finally, it is well to tell, though only in part, the story of slavery so that every man, woman, and child of the once enslaved race may know the exceeding mercy of God that has delivered them from the hopeless and helpless despair that might have been their portion if the Lord God Omnipotent had not come forth to smite in divine and righteous wrath the proud oppressor and bring his long-suffering people out of their worse than Egyptian bondage.

         This volume, penned by a hand that now rests in the quiet of the tomb, is a contribution to the sum total of the story that can never be entirely told.

         In her young girlhood the author had known the accursed system, and she knew the joy of deliverance. With a deep, pathetic tenderness she loved her race; she would gladly have died for their enlightenment and salvation. But she has gone to her reward, leaving behind her the precious legacy of a sweet Christian

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influence that can only flow forth from a pure and consecrated life.

         May this volume go forth to cheer and comfort and inspire to high and holy deeds all who shall read its pages!

WILLARD F. MALLALIEU.

BOSTON, MASS., Nov. 15, 1890.

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THE AUTHOR.

         THE author of this volume, Octavia Victoria Rogers, wife of the Rev. A.E.P. Albert, D.D., was born in Oglethorpe, Macon County, Ga., of slave parentage, December 24, 1853, and was educated at Atlanta University, in that State. She and Dr. Albert first met at Montezuma, Ga., where they taught school together, in 1873; and on October 21, 1874, they were united in holy wedlock. They had an only daughter, who survives her mother. She united with the African Methodist Episcopal Church under the preaching of Bishop H. M. Turner, at Oglethorpe, Ga., and was converted and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, under the pastorate of the Rev. Marcus Dole, at Union Chapel, New Orleans, in 1875. Her own husband baptized her at Houma, La., in 1878, during the first year of his ministry. She was an angel of mercy whose loving spirit will long be cherished by all who knew her but to love her. Now she rests from her labors, and her good works do follow her. Peace to her precious memory!

COMPILER.

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THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE.

CHAPTER I.

CHARLOTTE BROOKS.

         Causes of immorality among colored people--Charlotte Brooks--She is sold South--Sunday work.

         NONE but those who resided in the South during the time of slavery can realize the terrible punishments that were visited upon the slaves. Virtue and self-respect were denied them.

         Much has been written concerning the negro, and we must confess that the moral standing of the race is far from what it should be; but who is responsible for the sadly immoral condition of this illiterate race in the South? I answer unhesitatingly, Their masters.

         Consider that here in this Bible land, where we have the light, where the Gospel was preached Sunday after Sunday in all portions of the South, and where ministers read from

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the pulpit that God had made of one blood all nations of men, etc., that nevertheless, with the knowledge and teachings of the word of God, the slaves were reduced to a level with the brute. The half was never told concerning this race that was in bondage nearly two hundred and fifty years.

         The great judgment-day is before us; "for we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ." There are millions of souls now crowned around the throne of God who have washed their robes white and are praising God, although they spent their lives in sorrow, but who will rise up in judgment and condemn this Christian nation. The Spanish Inquisition can hardly compare with the punishments visited upon this once enslaved race. But let me introduce you to some characters that will amply illustrate what I mean.

         It was in the fall of 1879 that I met Charlotte Brooks. She was brought from the State of Virginia and sold in the State of Louisiana many years before the war. I have spent hours with her listening to her telling of her sad life of bondage in the cane-fields of Louisiana. She was always willing to speak of "old

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master and mistress." I remember one morning as she entered my home I said to her, "Good-morning Aunt Charlotte; how are you feeling to-day?"

         She said, "La, my child, I didn't sleep hardly last night; my poor old bones ached me so bad I could not move my hand for a while."

         "What's the cause of it?"

         "Why, old marster used to make me go out before day, in high grass and heavy dews, and I caught cold. I lost all of my health. I tell you, nobody knows the trouble I have seen. I have been sold three times. I had a little baby when my second marster sold me, and my last old marster would make me leave my child before day to go to the cane-field; and he would not allow me to come back till ten o'clock in the morning to nurse my child. When I did go I could hear my poor child crying long before I got to it. And la, me! my poor child would be so hungry when I'd get to it! Sometimes I would have to walk more than a mile to get to my child, and when I did get there I would be so tired I'd fall asleep while my baby was sucking. He

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did not allow me much time to stay with my baby when I did go to nurse it. Sometimes I would overstay my time with my baby; then I would have to run all the way back to the field. O, I tell you nobody knows the trouble we poor colored folks had to go through with here in Louisiana. I had heard people say Louisiana was a hard place for black people, and I didn't want to come; but old marster took me and sold me from my mother anyhow, and from my sisters and brothers in Virginia.

         "I have never seen or heard from them since I left old Virginia. That's been more than thirty-five years ago. When I left old Virginia my mother cried for me, and when I saw my poor mother with tears in her eyes I thought I would die. O, it was a sad day for me when I was to leave my mother in old Virginia. My mother used to take her children to church every Sunday. But when I came to Louisiana I did not go to church any more. Every body was Catholic where I lived, and I had never seen that sort of religion that has people praying on beads. That was all strange to me. The older I got the more I thought

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of my mother's Virginia religion. Sometimes when I was away off in the cane-field at work it seemed I could hear my mother singing the 'Old Ship of Zion.' I could never hear any of the old Virginia hymns sung here, for every body was Catholic around where I stayed."

         "Aunt Charlotte, did you say you never attended church any more after leaving Virginia?"

         "No, my child; I never saw inside of a church after I came to Louisiana."

         "What did you do on the Sabbath?"

         "La, me! I had plenty to do. Old mistress would make me help in the kitchen on Sundays when I had nothing else to do. Mistress was Catholic, and her church was a good ways off, and she did not go often to church. In rolling season we all worked Sunday and Monday grinding cane. Old marster did not care for Sunday; he made all of us work hard on Sunday as well as any other day when he was pushed up. 'Most all the planters worked on Sunday in rolling season where I lived. In Virginia every body rested and would go to church on Sunday, and it was strange to see every body working on Sunday here. O,

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how I used to wish to hear some of the old Virginia hymns!