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- Herausgeber: Booksell-Verlag
- Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
- Sprache: Englisch
The Indians known as Seminole are of the Muskokian linguistic stock who before the present century left their congeners and dwelt within the present limits of Georgia and Florida. A chief cause of the separation was disagreement among the people of the towns of the Lower Creeks and Hichiti concerning their relations with Europeans settling in the country. The Seminole, who are described in this book as of a high grade in physique and intelligence, may well be descendants of these heroes. The status of these Indians is peculiar in that their contact with civilization has hitherto been regulated, to an extent not known elsewhere, by their own volition, and has not been imposed upon them. Visitors, traders, and Government agents have been denied admission, but the Indians have in a limited way visited the settlements beyond their own boundaries and traded there. Contents: Personal characteristics Clothing Personal adornment Me-le Psychical characteristics Seminole society The Seminole gens The Seminole tribe Seminole tribal life Arts Religion Environment of the Seminole
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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The Seminole Indians of Florida
Table of Contents
Letter of Transmittal
Minneapolis, Minn., June 24,1884.
Sir: During the winter of 1880-’81 I visited Florida, commissioned by you to inquire into the condition and to ascertain the number of the Indians commonly known as the Seminole then in that State. I spent part of the months of January, February, and March in an endeavor to accomplish this purpose. I have the honor to embody the result of my work in the following report.
On account of causes beyond my control the paper does not treat of these Indians as fully as I had intended it should. Owing to the ignorance prevailing even in Florida of the locations of the homes of the Seminole and also to the absence of routes of travel in Southern Florida, much of my time at first was consumed in reaching the Indian country. On arriving there, I found myself obliged to go among the Indians ignorant of their language and without an interpreter able to secure me intelligible interviews with them except in respect to the commonest things. I was compelled, therefore, to rely upon observation and upon very simple, perhaps sometimes misunderstood, speech for what I have here placed on record. But while the report is only a sketch of a subject that would well reward thorough study, it may be found to possess value as a record of facts concerning this little-known remnant of a once powerful people.
I have secured, I think, a correct census of the Florida Seminole by name, sex, age, gens, and place of living. I have endeavored to present a faithful portraiture of their appearance and personal characteristics, and have enlarged upon their manners and customs, as individuals and as a society, as much as the material at my command will allow; but under the disadvantageous circumstances to which allusion has already been made, I have been able to gain little more than a superficial and partial knowledge of their social organization, of the elaboration among them of the system of gentes, of their forms and methods of government, of their tribal traditions and modes of thinking, of their religious beliefs and practices, and of many other things manifesting what is distinctive in the life of a people. For these reasons I submit this report more as a guide for future investigation than as a completed result.
At the beginning of my visit I found but one Seminole with whom I could hold even the semblance of an English conversation. To him I am indebted for a large part of the material here collected. To him, in particular, I owe the extensive Seminole vocabulary now in possession of the Bureau of Ethnology. The knowledge of the Seminole language which I gradually acquired enabled me, in my intercourse with other Indians, to verify and increase the information I had received from him.
In conclusion, I hope that, notwithstanding the unfortunate delays which have occurred in the publication of this report, it will still be found to add something to our knowledge of this Indian tribe not without value to those who make man their peculiar study.
Very respectfully,CLAY MacCAULEY.
Maj. J. W. Powell,Director Bureau of Ethnology.
Introduction
There were in Florida, October 1, 1880, of the Indians commonly known as Seminole, two hundred and eight. They constituted thirty-seven families, living in twenty-two camps, which were gathered into five widely separated groups or settlements. These settlements, from the most prominent natural features connected with them, I have named, (1) The Big Cypress Swamp settlement; (2) Miami River settlement; (3) Fish Eating Creek settlement; (4) Cow Creek settlement; and (5) Cat Fish Lake settlement. Their locations are, severally: The first, in Monroe County, in what is called the “Devil’s Garden,” on the northwestern edge of the Big Cypress Swamp, from fifteen to twenty miles southwest of Lake Okeechobee; the second, in Dade County, on the Little Miami River, not far from Biscayne Bay, and about ten miles north of the site of what was, during the great Seminole war, Fort Dallas; the third, in Manatee County, on a creek which empties from the west into Lake Okeechobee, probably five miles from its mouth; the fourth, in Brevard County, on a stream running southward, at a point about fifteen miles northeast of the entrance of the Kissimmee River into Lake Okeechobee; and the fifth, on a small lake in Polk County, lying nearly midway between lakes Pierce and Rosalie, towards the headwaters of the Kissimmee River. The settlements are from forty to seventy miles apart, in an otherwise almost uninhabited region, which is in area about sixty by one hundred and eighty miles. The camps of which each settlement is composed lie at distances from one another varying from a half mile to two or more miles. In tabular form the population of the settlements appears as follows:
Settlements
C a m p s.
Population.
Divided according to age and sex.
Résumé by sex.
T o t a l s.
Below 5 years.
5 to 10 years.
10 to 15 years.
15 to 20 years.
20 to 60 years.
Over 60 years.
No.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
1. Big Cypress
10
4
5
a2
2
10
4
9
2
15
b15
2
3
42
31
73
2. Miami River
5
5
4
4
4
5
3
7
5
10
13
1
2
32
31
63
3. Fish Eating Creek
4
a1
1
—
2
a2
—
3
1
a5
ab10
4
3
15
17
32
4. Cow Creek
1
2
1
—
—
1
—
—
1
4
3
—
—
7
5
12
5. Cat Fish Lake
2
—
2
3
2
4
1
4
1
a4
ab5
1
1
16
12
28
Totals {
12
13
9
10
22
8
23
10
38
46
8
9
112
96
208
22
25
19
30
33
84
17
208
a
One mixed blood.
b
One black.
Or, for the whole tribe—
Males under 10 years of age
21
Males between 10 and 20 years of age
45
Males between 20 and 60 years of age
38
Males over 60 years of age
8
——
112
Females under 10 years of age
23
Females between 10 and 20 years of age
18
Females between 20 and 60 years of age
46
Females over 60 years of age
9
——
96
——
208
