Table of Contents
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FOREWORD
ABSTRACT
The Preface
Maintaining Personal Relations in an Age of Political Discord
Abstract
How do I maintain a relationship with people with whom I disagree?
How do I survive when everyone is so sure their opinion is the only correct opinion?
How do I keep from being intimidated?
Should I go to protests or rallies? How effective are they?
Rights and Responsibilities
Abstract
What are the differences between human rights, civil rights, and civic duties?
What are civic duties?
Competing Political and Economic Philosophies
Abstract
Economic Systems and Political Philosophies
What is Capitalism?
What is Fascism?
What is Socialism?
What is Communism?
Political and Moral Philosophies
What do Conservatives believe?
What do Liberals (Progressives) believe?
What do the Libertarians believe?
The Ins-and-Outs of American Democracy
Abstract
What is a democracy?
What is the United States: a democracy, a federal republic, or a constitutional republic?
Why do we have states instead of other governmental entities?
What is the Electoral College, and how does it differ from the popular vote?
The Founding Documents of American Democracy
Abstract
What is the Declaration of Independence?
What are the Articles of Confederation?
What is the U.S. Constitution?
To whom did the Constitution assign power?
Why do we have a Vice President?
What is Congress?
How does an idea become the law?
What is a Presidential veto?
What is the President's cabinet, and what are their functions?
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Department of Defense (DOD)
Department of Justice (Attorney General)
Department of the Interior (DOI)
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Department of Commerce
Department of Labor
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Education
Department of Veteran Affairs
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
What is an Executive Order?
What is the Function of the Judicial Branch?
What is the Bill of Rights?
What is bureaucracy, and is it elected?
What is the “Deep State”?
What are the terms POTUS, FLOTUS, and SCOTUS?
The Media and U.S. Elections
Abstract
What is the role of the media?
Are the media protected under the First Amendment?
What are the news outlets in the United States?
Do news outlets have political leanings?
What are the political leanings of each major U.S. news outlet?
WHAT IS A FACT-CHECKER?
How does one become a fact-checker?
Are all fact-checkers unbiased?
What is fake news? How does fake news differ from misinformation and outright fabrication?
How do I know real news from fake news?
How do I differentiate facts from “feelings” and “opinions”?
How important is social media?
Is everything on social media truthful and correct?
Do politicians and people with a political agenda use social media or the Internet to their advantage?
What would be the impact if all the social media giants supported one candidate? How many votes would be in play?
How can I help a candidate or support my position on an issue through social media?
The American Political Party System
Abstract
What are political parties?
How many parties do we have in the U.S.?
What is the history of the two major parties, and what are their fundamental beliefs?
How important is a U.S. party platform?
How does one join a political party?
Do I have to support a political party to which I have joined?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of belonging to a particular party?
How do I learn about what a political party supports?
Can I change my political registration?
What questions do I want to ask a candidate or learn from his platform?
Will I find a candidate who agrees with me on every political position?
How do I know the candidate has the country's best interest at heart?
How do I rank issues of importance?
What is identity politics?
How does identity politics differ from ethnic/racial politics or gender politics?
Do racial or ethnic groups vote alike?
Does the candidate's personal life matter?
How do I influence a candidate or elected official?
Political and Economic Influences: Lobbyists and Monetary Donations
Abstract
What is a Lobbyist?
What is a Bundler and a PAC, and when does it become Dark Money?
Are political donations public?
Is contributing to a political party legal, and how is it done?
Where should I send my check? Do I need to have a large fortune?
Should I donate to a large organization or go straight to the candidate I support?
Can I give donations to more than one candidate?
Can I give to a presidential race, down-ballot, or across the board?
Should I send money to individuals outside my district to support candidates who have a chance to unseat incumbents with whom I disagree?
How much money am I allowed to give?
Can I designate that money go to a specific candidate?
Can I volunteer my time, and whom do I contact to volunteer to help?
How U.S. Elections Work
Abstract
Why do we need elections?
What are the characteristics of the American election system?
How often do we have elections?
When are national elections held?
What is the difference between a primary election and a general election?
Who can vote in a primary election?
Are all elections held in November?
What offices are on the ballot?
What other officeholders do we elect?
Who is entitled to vote?
What identification do I need to vote?
What types of voting mechanisms do we have in the U.S.?
What are absentee, special, or early voting ballots, and are they the same?
What is early voting?
Is there such a thing as a protest vote?
Who counts the votes?
What is a recount, and when do we recount the ballots?
How do we know the vote is fairly counted?
What is election fraud?
How do we protect against fraud?
What is a poll worker?
What is a poll watcher?
What if someone intimidates or threatens me?
How do we remove a politician from office?
CONCLUSION
Actions vs Words
The Practical Side for American Citizens
Mental Experiments
TABLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Understanding the U.S. Government: A Guide to Understanding American Government and Elections
Authored by
Peter E. Tarlow
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
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FOREWORD
Every book is a journey. When I first open a new one, I like to scan the table of contents to get a feel of where the authors are trying to take me. When I opened Understanding the U.S. Government: A Guide to Understanding American Government and Elections and skimmed the table of contents, I must admit I began to sweat a little. The series of questions that Peter Tarlow and Stephen Vincent have used to frame this book instantly transported me back to the final exam of my high school civics class, which is not one of my prouder moments. Luckily, unlike that inconsiderate final exam, after raising my blood pressure with those questions, they gave me the answers!
This book is a wonderful reminder of things that are inspirational, confusing, mysterious, frustrating, and practical in our system of governance. More importantly, it is a great primer on how we as citizens can and should participate in that system. It reminds us that, in a successful democracy, “leaders are encouraged to do the will of the people”. Of course, that only works if those leaders know the will of the people. Our job is to tell them. And each of us, no matter where we sit on the political spectrum or how active we have been in our democracy up to this point, has the right and the privilege of making a crystal-clear statement with our vote.