Bass Guitar For Dummies E-Book

Patrick Pfeiffer

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 475

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020

Beschreibung

Way more than just the bass-ics Whatever you're playing--funk, soul, rock, blues, country--the bass is the heart of the band. Bassists provide a crucial part of driving force and funky framework that other members of any and work off. From John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin, to "The Pixies'' Kim Deal, to James Brown's favored bassist, Jimmy Nolan, bass players have made big names for themselves and commanded respect throughout music history. In Bass Guitar For Dummies, Patrick Pfeiffer--who coached U2's Adam Clayton, among others--is your friendly guide to laying down the low end. Starting from the beginning with what bass and accessories to buy, the book shows you everything from how to hold and position your instrument to how to read music and understand chords. You'll develop your skills step-by-step until you're confident playing your own solos and fills. * Sharpen skills with instructional audio and video * Discipline your play with exercises * Understand chords, scales, and octaves * Care for your instrument Whether you're new to the bass or already well into the groove, Bass Guitar For Dummies gives you the thorough balance of theory and practice that distinguishes the titanic Hall of Famer from the just so-so. P.S. If you think this book seems familiar, you're probably right. The Dummies team updated the cover and design to give the book a fresh feel, but the content is the same as the previous release of Bass Guitar For Dummies (9781118748800). The book you see here shouldn't be considered a new or updated product. But if you're in the mood to learn something new, check out some of our other books. We're always writing about new topics!

Leseprobe

Bass Guitar For Dummies®, 3rd Edition

Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2020939433

ISBN 978-1-119-69557-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-69559-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-69562-2 (ebk)

Bass Guitar For Dummies®

To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Bass Guitar For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.

Table of Contents

Cover

Foreword

Introduction

About This Book

Foolish Assumptions

Icons Used in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Part 1: Getting Started with the Bass Guitar

Chapter 1: The Very Basics of Bass

Discovering the Differences between the Bass and Its High-Strung Cousins

Understanding the Bass Player’s Function in a Band

Dissecting the Anatomy of a Bass Guitar

On a Need-to-Know “Basses”: Gearing Up to Play Bass

Playing Grooves, Solos, and Fills

Experimenting with Different Musical Genres

Stocking Up on Some Bass Gear

Giving Your Bass Some Good Ol’ TLC

Chapter 2: Gaining the Tools and Skills to Play

Getting a Handle on Your Bass

Holding Your Bass

Placing Your Hands in the Proper Position

Reading a Fingerboard Diagram

Tuning Your Bass Guitar

Playing a Song on Your Bass Guitar

Chapter 3: Warming Up: Getting Your Hands in Shape to Play

Understanding the Sound Your Bass Makes

Performing Right-Hand Warm-Ups

Coordinating Your Left Hand with Your Right Hand

Part 2: The Bass-ics of Playing

Chapter 4: Reading, ’Riting, and Rhythm

Reading Notation: No Pain, Much Gain

Finding Any Note in Any Octave

Using the Metronome: You Know, That Tick-Tock Thing

Dividing Music into Phrases, Measures, and Beats

Discovering How to Read Music

Playing Your First Song While Reading Music

Chapter 5: Understanding Major and Minor Structures

Building Major and Minor Scales

Building Chords: One Note at a Time, Please

Inversions: Down Is Up, and Up Is Down

Spicing Up Your Sound: The Seven Main Modes (Scales)

Using Chromatic Tones: All the Other Notes

Bringing a Groove to Life with Dead Notes (Weird but True)

Sampling Accompaniments

Part 3: Making the Moves, Creating the Grooves

Chapter 6: Creating the Groove

Anatomy of a Groove: Putting Together the Necessary Elements

Creating Your Own Groove

Grooving with a Drummer

Jammin’ with Other Musicians

Getting Creative with Existing Grooves

Chapter 7: Going Solo: Playing Solos and Fills

Soloing: Your Moment to Shine

Creating Fills without Any Help from Your Dentist

Part 4: Using the Correct Accompaniment for Each Genre

Chapter 8: Rock On! Getting Down with the Rock Styles

Rock ’n’ Roll: It’s The Attitude!

Hard Rock: Going at It Fast and Furious

Pop Rock: Supporting the Vocals

Blues Rock: Doin’ What “Duck” Does and Playing a Countermelody

Country Rock: Where Vocals Are King, and You Take a Back Seat

One Rock Fits All: Applying a Standard Rock Groove to Any Rock Song

Chapter 9: Swing It! Playing Styles That Rely on the Triplet Feel

Swing: Grooving Up-Tempo with Attitude

Jazz: Going for a Walk

Blues Shuffle: Walking Like Donald Duck (Dunn, That Is)

Funk Shuffle: Combining Funk, Blues, and Jazz

Chapter 10: Making It Funky: Playing Hardcore Bass Grooves

R & B: Movin’ to Rhythm and Blues

The Motown Sound: Grooving with the Music of the Funk Brothers

Fusion: Blending Two Styles into One

Funk: Light Fingers, Heavy Attitude

Hip-Hop: Featuring Heavy Funk with Heavy Attitude

Knowing What to Do When You Just Want to Funkifize a Tune

Chapter 11: Sampling International Flavors: Bass Styles from Around the World

Bossa Nova: Baskin’ in a Brazilian Beat

Samba: Speeding Up with Bossa’s Fast Cousin

Afro-Cuban: Ordering Up Some Salsa (Hold the Chips, Please)

Reggae: Relaxing with Offbeat “Riddims”

Calypso Party Sounds: Dancing through the Groove

Combining Reggae and Rock: The Distinct Sound of Ska

African Grooves: Experimenting with Exotic Downbeat Grooves

Music without Borders: Grooving to the World Beat

Chapter 12: Playing in Odd Meters: Not Strange, Just Not the Norm

An Odd-Meter Oldie but Goodie: The Waltz

Beyond the Waltz: Navigating Beats in Odd Meter

Complex Simplicity: Syncopation and Subdivision

Chapter 13: Groovin’ in a Genre: It’s All About Style!

Playing Grooves in Each Genre: One Simple Song, Many Genres Strong

To Blend or Not to Blend: Knowing How to Fit In

Chapter 14: Eight Degrees of Separation: The Beatles’ Solution

Playing Your Rhythm Straight or Syncopated

Making Harmonic Choices

Part 5: Buying and Caring for Your Bass

Chapter 15: Love of a Lifetime or One-Night Stand? Buying the Right Bass

Assessing Your Needs Before You Buy

Needs Are One Thing … Budget Is Quite Another

A Trip to the Bass-Mint: Where to Shop for Your Bass Guitar

When Money Is No Object: Getting a Custom-Made Bass

Chapter 16: Getting the Right Gear for Your Bass Guitar

Making Yourself Heard: A Primer on Amplifiers and Speakers

Needs, Wants, and Nonessentials: Rounding Out Your Equipment

Chapter 17: Changing the Strings on Your Bass Guitar

Knowing When It’s Time to Say Goodbye

Off with the Old: Removing Bass Strings

On with the New: Restringing Your Bass

Ensuring a Long Life for Your Strings

Chapter 18: Keeping Your Bass in Shape: Maintenance and Light Repair

Cleaning Your Bass, Part by Part

Making Minor Repairs to Your Bass

Adjusting the Bass Guitar

Assembling a Cleaning and Repair Tool Bag

Storing Your Bass

Part 6: The Part of Tens

Chapter 19: Ten Innovative Bassists You Should Know

Stanley Clarke

John Entwistle

James Jamerson

Carol Kaye

Will Lee

Paul McCartney

Marcus Miller

Jaco Pastorius

Victor Wooten

X (Fill in Your Own)

Chapter 20: Ten Great Rhythm Sections (Bassists and Drummers)

Bootsy Collins and Jab’o Starks

Donald “Duck” Dunn and Al Jackson Jr.

James Jamerson and Benny Benjamin

John Paul Jones and John Bonham

Joe Osborn and Hal Blaine

Jaco Pastorius and Peter Erskine

George Porter Jr. and Zig Modeliste

Francis Rocco Prestia and David Garibaldi

Chuck Rainey and Bernard Purdie

Robbie Shakespeare and Sly Dunbar

Appendix: Audio Tracks and Video Clips

What’s on the Audio Tracks

What’s on the Video Clips

Customer Care

Index

About the Author

Advertisement Page

Connect with Dummies

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 3

TABLE 3-1 Left-Hand Permutations

Chapter 5

TABLE 5-1 The Main 7th Chord Structures

TABLE 5-2 The Mode Families

Appendix

TABLE A-1 Bass Guitar Audio Tracks

TABLE A-2 Bass Guitar Video Clips

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

FIGURE 1-1: The bass guitar in all its glory.

Chapter 2

FIGURE 2-1: Fretting a note.

FIGURE 2-2: Standing with your bass.

FIGURE 2-3: Sitting with your bass.

FIGURE 2-4: Position of the left hand.

FIGURE 2-5: Right hand in the proper finger-style position.

FIGURE 2-6: Hand reaching for the high string.

FIGURE 2-7: Hand reaching for the low string.

FIGURE 2-8: Holding the pick in a closed-hand position.

FIGURE 2-9: A pick in the open-hand style.

FIGURE 2-10: Thumb striking the string (left), and index finger snapping the st...

FIGURE 2-11: Description of the parts of two different grids.

FIGURE 2-12: Grids showing a major scale (left) and a minor scale (right).

FIGURE 2-13: Grids showing open-string scales.

FIGURE 2-14: Grid showing C on the A string.

FIGURE 2-15: Grid showing C on an E string.

FIGURE 2-16: Grids showing intervals.

FIGURE 2-17: Piano keys that match the open strings on the bass.

FIGURE 2-18: Guitar strings that match the open strings on the bass.

FIGURE 2-19: The 5th-fret tuning method.

FIGURE 2-20: Tuning with the 7th-fret tuning method.

FIGURE 2-21: The main harmonics.

FIGURE 2-22: The relationships between the harmonics.

FIGURE 2-23: Song played on open strings.

FIGURE 2-24: Song using closed strings.

Chapter 3

FIGURE 3-1: Angle of attack for right-hand strike.

FIGURE 3-2: Sequence of fingers striking the string.

FIGURE 3-3: Right-hand accents.

FIGURE 3-4: First combination (1 2 3 4) of left-hand permutations.

FIGURE 3-5: Left hand playing low G while muting the other strings.

FIGURE 3-6: Practice exercise for combining the right and left hands.

Chapter 4

FIGURE 4-1: Measure of E minor from a chord chart in chord notation.

FIGURE 4-2: Measure of E minor in music notation with a description of the staf...

FIGURE 4-3: Tab for G on the fingerboard.

FIGURE 4-4: The notes on the neck of the bass and on the staff.

FIGURE 4-5: The octave, or two-strings/two-frets, method.

FIGURE 4-6: The handspan-plus-two-frets method.

FIGURE 4-7: Phrases, measures, and beats.

FIGURE 4-8: Rhythmic notes.

FIGURE 4-9: The most common dotted notes.

FIGURE 4-10: Common ties between notes.

FIGURE 4-11: The values of notes and rests and their typical application.

FIGURE 4-12: Seeing beats as chunks of notes.

FIGURE 4-13: Beats and rests as chunks of notes.

FIGURE 4-14: The most common intervals.

FIGURE 4-15: The major scales notated.

FIGURE 4-16: The chromatic scale notated.

FIGURE 4-17: Notation for “Two Too Tight Shoes Blues” using four notational sys...

Chapter 5

FIGURE 5-1: Notation of a scale.

FIGURE 5-2: The structure of the major scale on a grid.

FIGURE 5-3: The structure of the natural minor scale.

FIGURE 5-4: Structure and sequence of the major triad.

FIGURE 5-5: Accompaniments using the major triad.

FIGURE 5-6: Structure and sequence of the minor triad.

FIGURE 5-7: Accompaniments using the minor triad.

FIGURE 5-8: Notation for a song with triad accompaniment.

FIGURE 5-9: Scales of the major, minor, dominant, and half-diminished chords.

FIGURE 5-10: Boogie bass line pattern and boogie chart.

FIGURE 5-11: C major chord in root position (with the root in the bass). Track ...

FIGURE 5-12: 1st inversion C major chord (with the 3rd in the bass). Track 21, ...

FIGURE 5-13: 2nd inversion C major chord (with the 5th in the bass). Track 21, ...

FIGURE 5-14: C minor chord in root position (with the root in the bass). Track ...

FIGURE 5-15: 1st inversion C minor chord (with the 3rd in the bass). Track 21, ...

FIGURE 5-16: 2nd inversion C minor chord (with the 5th in the bass). Track 21, ...

FIGURE 5-17: The scale/chord combinations.

FIGURE 5-18: Using a chromatic tone in a major bass line.

FIGURE 5-19: Using a chromatic tone in a minor bass line.

FIGURE 5-20: Using a chromatic tone outside the box in a major bass line.

FIGURE 5-21: Using a chromatic tone outside the box in a minor bass line.

FIGURE 5-22: Using dead notes in a groove.

FIGURE 5-23: Dead note groove and exercise.

FIGURE 5-24: Bass groove using the chord.

FIGURE 5-25: Bass groove using the 7th chord.

FIGURE 5-26: Bass groove using the Mixolydian mode.

FIGURE 5-27: Bass groove using chromatic tones.

FIGURE 5-28: Bass groove using dead notes.

FIGURE 5-29: Mixolydian and Dorian modes, side by side.

FIGURE 5-30: Harmonically ambiguous grooves.

Chapter 6

FIGURE 6-1: Six grooves with different groove skeletons.

FIGURE 6-2: Song played using only the groove skeleton.

FIGURE 6-3: Common scales used for grooves (Ionian, Dorian, and Mixolydian).

FIGURE 6-4: Creating a groove for D7 (D dominant).

FIGURE 6-5: A simple groove and a complex groove for D7.

FIGURE 6-6: Creating a groove for D minor.

FIGURE 6-7: A simple and a complex groove for D minor.

FIGURE 6-8: Creating a groove for D major.

FIGURE 6-9: A simple and a complex groove for D major.

FIGURE 6-10: Creating a groove tail.

FIGURE 6-11: A chord chart.

FIGURE 6-12: Mobile groove using constant structure.

FIGURE 6-13: Mobile groove using chord tones.

FIGURE 6-14: Groove with upper groove apex.

FIGURE 6-15: Upper groove apex exercise.

FIGURE 6-16: Groove with lower groove apex.

FIGURE 6-17: Lower groove apex exercise.

FIGURE 6-18: Grooving with the bass drum.

FIGURE 6-19: Bass grooving with the snare drum and the bass drum.

FIGURE 6-20: Grooving with the hi-hat, the snare drum, and the bass drum.

FIGURE 6-21: Finding the root in a two-note relationship.

FIGURE 6-22: The best choices for pivoting a note and the resulting chords.

FIGURE 6-23: Different variations of “Come Together.”

FIGURE 6-24: Different pared down variations of “Come Together.”

Chapter 7

FIGURE 7-1: Structure of the one-octave blues scale.

FIGURE 7-2: Blues-scale licks.

FIGURE 7-3: The one-octave minor pentatonic scale.

FIGURE 7-4: Minor pentatonic scale licks.

FIGURE 7-5: One octave of the major pentatonic scale.

FIGURE 7-6: Major pentatonic scale licks.

FIGURE 7-7: Chord chart for soloing.

FIGURE 7-8A: Groove with an eighth-note fill.

FIGURE 7-8B: Groove with a triplet fill.

FIGURE 7-8C: Groove with a sixteenth-note fill.

Chapter 8

FIGURE 8-1: Rock ’n’ roll groove using only the root.

FIGURE 8-2: Rock ’n’ roll groove using notes from the chord.

FIGURE 8-3: Rock ’n’ roll groove in minor using notes from the chord.

FIGURE 8-4: Rock ’n’ roll groove using notes from the chord and mode.

FIGURE 8-5: Thought process from mode and chord to groove.

FIGURE 8-6: Rock ’n’ roll box groove.

FIGURE 8-7: Rock ’n’ roll groove in a minor tonality.

FIGURE 8-8: Rock ’n’ roll groove in a major 7th tonality.

FIGURE 8-9: Rock ’n’ roll groove with a 6.

FIGURE 8-10: Hard rock groove using only the root.

FIGURE 8-11: Hard rock groove using a minor chord.

FIGURE 8-12: Hard rock groove using notes from the minor chord and mode.

FIGURE 8-13: Hard rock box groove in a minor tonality.

FIGURE 8-14: Pop rock groove using only the root.

FIGURE 8-15: Pop rock groove using a major tonality.

FIGURE 8-16: Pop rock groove using notes in the dominant tonality.

FIGURE 8-17: Pop rock box groove in dominant tonality.

FIGURE 8-18: Blues rock groove using only the root.

FIGURE 8-19: Blues rock groove using notes from the chord.

FIGURE 8-20: Blues rock groove using notes from the chord and mode.

FIGURE 8-21: Blues rock box groove.

FIGURE 8-22: Country rock groove using only the root.

FIGURE 8-23: Country rock groove using notes from the chord.

FIGURE 8-24: Country rock groove using the mode.

FIGURE 8-25: Country rock box groove.

FIGURE 8-26: Generic rock groove and song.

Chapter 9

FIGURE 9-1: Swing groove using a major pentatonic scale.

FIGURE 9-2: Swing groove using a Mixolydian mode.

FIGURE 9-3: The locations of the chromatic, diatonic, and dominant leading tone...

FIGURE 9-4: Jazz progression for walking bass.

FIGURE 9-5: Walking bass using the root and 5 plus a leading tone.

FIGURE 9-6: Walking bass using chord tones plus a leading tone.

FIGURE 9-7: Walking bass using scale tones plus a leading tone.

FIGURE 9-8: Jazz blues walking pattern starting on the E string.

FIGURE 9-9: Jazz blues walking pattern starting on the A string.

FIGURE 9-10: Blues shuffle groove using only the root.

FIGURE 9-11: Blues shuffle groove using a major chord.

FIGURE 9-12: Blues shuffle groove using a Mixolydian mode.

FIGURE 9-13: Blues shuffle groove using a minor mode.

FIGURE 9-14: Blues shuffle groove using a Mixolydian mode with a chromatic tone...

FIGURE 9-15: Blues shuffle groove in a minor tonality using a chromatic tone.

FIGURE 9-16: Funk shuffle groove using only the root.

FIGURE 9-17: Funk shuffle groove for dominant and minor chords.

FIGURE 9-18: Funk shuffle groove using notes from the dominant or minor modes.

FIGURE 9-19: Generic shuffle song.

Chapter 10

FIGURE 10-1: R & B groove using a major (Ionian) mode.

FIGURE 10-2: R & B groove using a dominant (Mixolydian) mode.

FIGURE 10-3: R & B groove using a minor (Dorian or Aeolian) mode.

FIGURE 10-4: R & B grooves in major (a), dominant (b), and minor (c) tonalities...

FIGURE 10-5: Motown groove using constant structure for major and dominant tona...

FIGURE 10-6: Motown groove using constant structure for dominant and minor tona...

FIGURE 10-7: Fusion groove for a major or dominant chord.

FIGURE 10-8: Fusion groove for a dominant chord.

FIGURE 10-9: Fusion groove covering four strings on a dominant chord.

FIGURE 10-10: Funk groove played in slap-style.

FIGURE 10-11: Funk groove for a dominant or minor tonality.

FIGURE 10-12: Funk groove using a major tonality.

FIGURE 10-13: Heavy funk groove using a minor tonality.

FIGURE 10-14: Heavy funk groove for a major or dominant tonality.

FIGURE 10-15: Finger-style funk for a minor or dominant tonality.

FIGURE 10-16: Finger-style funk groove using a major tonality.

FIGURE 10-17: Hip-hop groove.

FIGURE 10-18: Hip-hop groove for a minor or dominant tonality.

FIGURE 10-19: Hip-hop groove for a major or dominant tonality.

FIGURE 10-20: Generic funk groove and song.

Chapter 11

FIGURE 11-1: Bossa nova groove for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-2: Bossa nova groove for a half-diminished chord.

FIGURE 11-3: Samba groove.

FIGURE 11-4: Samba groove with anticipation.

FIGURE 11-5: Afro-Cuban groove for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-6: Afro-Cuban groove for a half-diminished chord.

FIGURE 11-7: Afro-Cuban groove with syncopation for a major, minor, or dominant...

FIGURE 11-8: Afro-Cuban groove with syncopation for a half-diminished chord.

FIGURE 11-9: Reggae groove for a minor chord.

FIGURE 11-10: Reggae groove for a major or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-11: Reggae groove for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-12: Drop-one reggae groove.

FIGURE 11-13: Calypso groove implying a chord progression.

FIGURE 11-14: Calypso groove for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-15: Ska groove for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-16: Ska groove for a major or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-17: Ska groove for a minor chord.

FIGURE 11-18: South African groove for a major or dominant chord.

FIGURE 11-19: South African groove for a major, dominant, or minor chord.

FIGURE 11-20: Makossa groove.

FIGURE 11-21: Makossa groove using complex rhythms.

FIGURE 11-22: Bolobo groove.

FIGURE 11-23: Bolobo groove with complex rhythm.

FIGURE 11-24: Bikutsi groove.

FIGURE 11-25: Bikutsi groove with complex rhythm.

FIGURE 11-26: World beat song using a typical chord progression.

Chapter 12

FIGURE 12-1: Waltz accompaniment for a major, minor, or dominant chord.

FIGURE 12-2: Waltz accompaniment using two notes for a major, minor, or dominan...

FIGURE 12-3: Beats in groupings of three-two and two-three in 5/4 meter.

FIGURE 12-4: Groove in 5/4 meter for a minor or dominant chord.

FIGURE 12-5: Groove in 5/4 using a three-two grouping.

FIGURE 12-6: Groove in 5/4 using a two-three grouping.

FIGURE 12-7: Groove in 5/4 using sixteenth notes.

FIGURE 12-8: Groove in 4/4 (a) with the addition of one beat consisting of two ...

FIGURE 12-9: Beats in groupings of three-two-two, two-three-two, and two-two-th...

FIGURE 12-10: Groove in 7/4 meter for a minor or dominant chord.

FIGURE 12-11: Groove in 7/4 meter using a three-two-two grouping.

FIGURE 12-12: Groove in 7/4 meter using a two-three-two grouping.

FIGURE 12-13: Groove in 7/4 meter using a two-two-three grouping.

FIGURE 12-14: Groove in 7/4 using sixteenth notes.

FIGURE 12-15: Groove in 5/4 using syncopation.

FIGURE 12-16: Eighth-note combinations.

FIGURE 12-17: Groove in 11/8.

FIGURE 12-18: Grooves in 6/4 and 7/4 in the style of Rush.

FIGURE 12-19: Generic song in odd meter.

Chapter 13

FIGURE 13-1: Song notation with standard progression.

FIGURE 13-2: A bass part in the pop genre.

FIGURE 13-3: Rock bass part with a quarter-note groove skeleton.

FIGURE 13-4: Rock bass part with a groove skeleton that uses two eighth notes.

FIGURE 13-5: R & B/Soul bass part with a groove skeleton that uses two eighth n...

FIGURE 13-6: R & B/Soul bass part with a groove skeleton that uses a dotted eig...

FIGURE 13-7: Funk bass part with a groove skeleton that uses two sixteenth note...

FIGURE 13-8: Latin bass groove.

FIGURE 13-9: Shuffle bass part.

FIGURE 13-10: A blending groove.

FIGURE 13-11: A bold groove.

FIGURE 13-12: Sign-offs, or turnarounds, for a groove.

Chapter 14

FIGURE 14-1: A song using pumping eighth notes.

FIGURE 14-2: A song using syncopation.

FIGURE 14-3: A song using roots and 5ths.

FIGURE 14-4: A song using a walking bass line.

FIGURE 14-5: A song using a groove.

FIGURE 14-6: A song using unison accompaniment.

FIGURE 14-7: A song using a countermelody.

FIGURE 14-8: A song using inversions.

Chapter 15

FIGURE 15-1: From left to right: A fretted six-string bass, a fretless six-stri...

FIGURE 15-2: Evenly spaced strings on a fingerboard.

Chapter 16

FIGURE 16-1: A combo amp (left) and a separate amp and speaker (right).

FIGURE 16-2: The control panel of a bass amplifier.

FIGURE 16-3: Contents of a bass bag.

FIGURE 16-4: A chorus unit and a volume pedal.

FIGURE 16-5: A bass stand, a stool, and a music stand.

FIGURE 16-6: A professional headphone practice amp.

Chapter 17

FIGURE 17-1: Cutting the string and pulling the coiled part from the tuning pos...

FIGURE 17-2: Pulling the string through the bridge.

FIGURE 17-3: Coiled string with envelopes.

FIGURE 17-4: Pulling the string through the bridge.

FIGURE 17-5: Cutting the string to size.

FIGURE 17-6: Inserting the string into the tuning post.

FIGURE 17-7: Windings of a string at the tuning post.

FIGURE 17-8: The strings at the saddle.

Chapter 18

FIGURE 18-1: Cleaning the strings.

FIGURE 18-2: Adjusting the truss rod.

FIGURE 18-3: Adjusting the height of the saddles.

FIGURE 18-4: Adjusting the intonation.

FIGURE 18-5: Contents of a bass tool bag.

Chapter 20

FIGURE 20-1: Bass line in the style of Bootsy Collins. Track 117, 0:00.

FIGURE 20-2: Bass line in the style of Donald “Duck” Dunn. Track 117, 0:15.

FIGURE 20-3: Bass line in the style of James Jamerson. Track 117, 0:26.

FIGURE 20-4: Bass line in the style of John Paul Jones. Track 117, 0:52.

FIGURE 20-5: Bass line in the style of Joe Osborn. Track 117, 1:09.

FIGURE 20-6: Bass line in the style of Jaco Pastorius. Track 117, 1:22.

FIGURE 20-7: Bass line in the style of George Porter Jr. Track 117, 1:38.

FIGURE 20-8: Bass line in the style of Francis Rocco Prestia. Track 117, 1:55.

FIGURE 20-9: Bass line in the style of Chuck Rainey. Track 117, 2:14.

FIGURE 20-10: Bass line in the style of Robbie Shakespeare. Track 117, 2:40.

Guide

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Foreword

For bassists or bass wannabes, Bass Guitar For Dummies takes you on a tour of the instrument and explores all avenues of bassdom. Of the myriad tools available for bassists, Bass Guitar For Dummies is at the pinnacle of them all. Never before has such a complete anthology been assembled. It’s like having an unlimited ticket for all the rides at BassLand!

Patrick Pfeiffer, great communicator of bass guitar, has laid it all out for you to enjoy. Bass Guitar For Dummies can be read laterally, literally, or “loiterily.” In other words, cover to cover, in order, or at your leisure; when you have a couple of minutes, just read a page, or a chapter. It’s not too deep, not too heavy, but it’s all good information and a lot of fun. So dig in, and enjoy Bass Guitar For Dummies!

All the Bass,

Will Lee, Grammy-award-winning bassist, Late Show with David Letterman

Introduction

Shake the earth with deep, sonorous vibrations. Let your melodies swoop and soar like swallows over a meadow. Be the force that relentlessly drives the music with percussive, percolating emanations from your speaker. Rumble like the ominous thunder of an approaching storm. Whisper, growl, roar your grooves into the universe. For you, it’s not enough just to be heard; you will be felt. You are … the bass player.

Imagine your favorite music without bass. It doesn’t work, does it? The bass is the heartbeat of the music, the foundation for the groove, and the glue that holds together all the different instruments. You can hear the music sing as it’s carried along by the bass groove. You can sense the music come to life. You can feel the vibrations of those low notes — sometimes subtle and caressing, sometimes literally earthshaking — as they propel the song. The bass is the heart of it all.

Leave center stage to the other musicians — you have more important work to do. The limelight may be cool, but bassists rule!

About This Book

You can find everything you need to master the bass in Bass Guitar For Dummies, 3rd Edition — from the correct way to strike a note to the way to play a funk groove in the style of Jaco Pastorius. It’s all here.

Each chapter is independent of the others. You can skip the stuff you already know and go straight to the parts that interest you without feeling lost. To find the subject you’re looking for, just check out the table of contents. You also can look up specific topics in the index at the back of the book. Or you can read from front to back and build up your bass-playing skills step by step. Whatever you choose, just remember to enjoy the journey.

I structure this book so you can decide for yourself how far you want to take your skills on the instrument. As I was writing, I checked out the entrance requirements for music schools and conservatories, and I included the information that fulfills those requirements (without getting too theoretical — after all, you don’t want to spend all your time theorizing … you want to play). In fact, this book goes well beyond the minimum requirements and shows you how to actually apply all this information to real-life bass playing. I show you how to play in different styles and how to create your own grooves and solos so you don’t have to copy someone else’s bass line note-for-note.

No bass guitar? No problem. This book doesn’t assume you have your own bass. If you don’t, just head over to Part 5 to find out how to choose the right bass and accessories to get started. If you already have a bass, you can start with the maintenance section in Chapter 18 and find out how to set up your instrument so it’s easiest to play.

You don’t need to read music to figure out how to play the bass guitar. (You can unknit your eyebrows now … it’s true.) So how can you get the information you need from this book? Here’s how:

Look at the grids.

The grids are pictures of the notes you play on the fingerboard of the bass guitar. The grids show you where the notes are in relation to each other and which fingers you use to play them. They also provide you with an additional advantage: If you use the grid to finger a certain pattern of notes, you can then transfer the same pattern (fingering and all) onto any other section of the fingerboard to play the note pattern in a different key. That’s why reading music isn’t necessary. The notes on a page of regular music notation look completely different for each new key, but if you use the grid, you’ll find that, as far as note patterns go, one size fits all.

Read the tablature.

Tablature

is a shorthand notational technique that shows you which string to strike and where to hold the string down to sound a note. The short name for tablature is

tab

(just in case anyone asks).

Listen to the audio tracks. You can hear all the exercises and grooves that are shown in the figures by simply going online to www.dummies.com/go/bassguitar and listening to audio tracks for each one. You can listen to the sound of a groove, take a look at the grid and the tab, put your hand in the proper position on the fingerboard, and then reproduce the sound. While you’re there, you may as well check out the video clips that show you the details for playing certain figures.

After you master a groove, you can pan to one side to remove the sound of the bass. Then you can play the groove in the example with just the drums and the guitar (in other words, with real musicians). Or you can create your own groove in the feel and style of the example.

As you improve, try reading the music notation.

As you get better, you can look at the notation and begin to learn to read music. After you figure out how to play a few phrases, you quickly discover that reading music notation isn’t as difficult as it’s made out to be. In fact, you’ll realize that it makes your musical life easier.

I use the following conventions in Bass Guitar For Dummies, 3rd Edition, to help keep the text consistent and make it easy to follow:

Right hand and left hand:

Instead of saying

striking hand

and

fretting hand,

I say

right hand

for the hand that strikes the string and

left hand

for the hand that frets the note. My apologies to left-handed players. If you’re left-handed, please read

right hand

to mean

left hand

and vice versa.

Up and down, higher and lower:

Moving your left hand up the neck of the bass means moving it up in

pitch

(moving your hand toward the body of the bass). Moving your left hand down the neck means moving it down in

pitch

(moving your hand away from the body). I use the same principle for the right hand. Going to the next

higher

string means playing the string that has a higher sound (the string closer to the floor). The next

lower

string is the string that has a lower sound (the string closer to the ceiling). Just think of whether the sound is higher or lower and you’ll be fine.

Triple music notation:

In the figures, the music for the grooves and the exercises is printed with the standard music notation on top, the tablature below, and the grid next to them. You don’t have to read all of them at the same time (good heavens — that would be worse than reading piano music). Simply pick the one you feel most comfortable with, and then use the others to double-check that you’re playing the groove or exercise correctly. Of course, you also can listen to the audio tracks to hear what the music is supposed to sound like.

The numbers:

In the text, the numbers between 1 and 8 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) represent notes in a chord or scale (for example, the number 3 represents the third note in a given scale). The designation 7th, on the other hand, refers to a particular chord, such as a major 7th chord. Finally, the distance between two notes (the interval) is called a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Foolish Assumptions

As I wrote this book, I made one assumption about you, the reader: I assume that you want to play the bass guitar. But that’s it. I don’t assume anything else. No matter what style you’re interested in, this book covers them all. It doesn’t even matter whether you want to play a four-, five-, or six-string bass. The grids featured in this book can be used for any bass guitar, and the shapes of the patterns never change. All you have to do is read this book with an open mind, and I assure you, you’ll be playing bass … and quickly. Of course, you can master the bass even more quickly if you use this book in conjunction with private lessons from an experienced bass guitar teacher who can help you tackle specific weak spots in your playing. And any experience you’ve had playing another instrument won’t go to waste, either.

Icons Used in This Book

In the margins of Bass Guitar For Dummies, 3rd Edition (as in all For Dummies books), you find icons to help you maneuver through the text. Here’s what the icons mean:

This icon points out expert advice to help you become a better bassist.

Be careful! This icon helps you avoid doing damage to the instrument, yourself, or someone’s ears.

Brace yourself for some technical facts and information that may come in handy some day. If you want, you can skip over this stuff — and still not miss a beat.

Certain techniques are worth remembering. Take note of the information that’s highlighted by this icon.

This icon helps you better understand what you’re hearing when you listen to the audio samples and watch the videos of the different techniques.

Beyond the Book

This book provides a solid foundation for learning bass guitar, but you can find many more resources on Dummies.com:

There are more than 100 audio tracks that accompany the chapters of this book. I also give video demonstrations of more than 30 key lessons. You can download the audio tracks and watch the videos at

www.dummies.com/go/bassguitar

.

You can download the book’s Cheat Sheet at

www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/bassguitar

. It’s a handy resource to keep on your computer, tablet, or smartphone.

You can read interesting companion articles that supplement the book’s content at

www.dummies.com/extras/bassguitar

. We’ve even included an extra top-ten list.

Where to Go from Here

Where do you go from here? Well, to Hollywood Bowl, of course! Maybe not right away … but, hey, never give up your dream. If you don’t have a bass guitar yet, skip to Chapter 15 to see what’s in store for you. (“What’s in store for you” … get it? It’s the bass shopping chapter.) If you’re a beginner, you have a bass guitar, and you’re ready to play, skip to Chapter 2 and start getting your instrument in tune (followed by getting your hands into shape). If you’re already playing bass guitar, start reading Chapter 5 with your bass guitar in hand, and then enjoy playing your way through the rest of this book.

No matter how well you currently play, this book can help you improve your skills. If you’re picking up the bass for the first time, remember that bringing music into your life may well be the first step in a lifelong journey of musical enrichment. If you want to delve deeper into this whole bass business, please visit me at www.PatrickPfeifferBass.com.

Part 1

Getting Started with the Bass Guitar

IN THIS PART…

Discover the different parts that make up a bass guitar.

Get an overview of what your bass guitar can do.

Figure out how to position your hands.

Prepare to warm up and coordinate your hands.

Chapter 1

The Very Basics of Bass

IN THIS CHAPTER

Differentiating between bass guitars and other guitars

Understanding the function and parts of the bass

Getting ready to play bass

Trying your hand at grooves, solos, fills, and different musical genres

Picking up gear and taking care of your bass

The bass is the heart of music. Its unique qualities set up a gravitational field that draws you in — perhaps it’s the rich, deep, mellow sound or the hypnotic rhythms. In the right hands, the bass is a tremendously powerful tool, because it gives a band its feel and attitude. But what exactly is the bass? What makes the bass so powerful? And how does it contribute to giving music that irresistible feel? Whether you’re a raw bass recruit or a seasoned veteran, this chapter helps you answer these questions.

Discovering the Differences between the Bass and Its High-Strung Cousins

Bass guitars differ from other guitars in several significant ways:

Traditionally, basses have four strings, while guitars have six.

In the 1970s, some bassists started adding strings. Nowadays, you can find five- and six-string basses (and beyond), but four-stringers are still considered the norm.

Nearly all bass guitars are electric.

Other guitars come in all flavors: electric, acoustic, or a combination of the two. You do encounter some beautiful acoustic bass guitars, but they’re generally not loud enough to be of much use in a band (unless your band consists of just one or two acoustic guitar players who join you in your music-making endeavor).

The bass strings are an equal distance musically from each other.

The sound of each bass string is tuned an equal distance from the string above it, making the instrument perfectly symmetrical. So if you play a scale starting on one string, you can use the same fingering to play that same scale starting on a different string. This type of tuning makes playing the bass quite different from playing the guitar, where the second-highest string is tuned differently than the others.

The bass has a lower pitch than the guitar.

The deep notes of the bass fill the lower end of the sound spectrum. Think of these notes as the “bass-ment,” or foundation, of music.

The bass’s neck is longer than the guitar’s, thus making its strings longer.

The longer the string, the lower the pitch; the shorter the string, the higher the pitch. Think of a Chihuahua and a Saint Bernard, for example. The Chihuahua has short vocal chords, and a rather high-pitched bark; the Saint Bernard … well … you get the idea.

The bass player and the guitarist serve different functions.

I won’t bore you with the guitarist’s job description, but the bass player’s makes for fascinating reading, as the next section shows. By the way, if you

do

happen to want to know more about the guitarist’s job description, you can check out

Guitar For Dummies,

by Mark Phillips and Jon Chappell (Wiley).

Understanding the Bass Player’s Function in a Band

As the bassist, you play the most crucial role in a band (at least in my opinion). Everyone in the group follows your subtle (and sometimes not-so-subtle) lead. If the guitarist or saxophonist makes a mistake, hardly anyone notices, but if the bassist makes a mistake, everyone in the band and the audience instantly knows that something is wrong (in which case you may want to throw an accusatory glance at one of your bandmates).

Forging the link between harmony and rhythm

You’re responsible for linking the harmony (chords) of a song with a distinctive rhythm (groove). This link contributes to the feel (mood) and genre (general style) of the music, which together determine whether a song is rock, jazz, Latin, or anything else. Chapter 6 tells you exactly what you need to do to establish excellent grooves, and Part 4 discusses the different musical genres you’re likely to play. The goal is to be able to emulate any bassist’s style in any genre and, at the same time, to be creative — using your own rhythms, notes, and ideas!

Moving the song along

Every song is made up of chords (harmony) that are particular to that song, and all the notes in the song relate to the sounds of those chords (see Chapter 5 for more about chords). Some songs are based on only one chord, from beginning to end, and so all the notes relate to that one chord sound, making such songs easy to play. The chords of most songs, however, change as the song progresses. In these cases, the first group of notes in the tune relates to the first chord and has one kind of sound, the next group of notes relates to the next chord sound, and so on throughout the song.

By playing notes that are related to the chords of a song, one note at a time and in a precise rhythm, the bassist propels the music along. You set up each chord for the other players in your band by choosing notes that lead smoothly from one chord sound to the next.

Good music creates a little tension, which then leads to a satisfying release of that tension (a resolution). For example, you can feel the tension and release in as simple a tune as “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” The tension builds as you sing the first line: “Twinkle, twinkle, little star.” Can you end the song right there? No, because you want to hear how it ends. That’s the tension. When you finish singing “How I wonder what you are,” you feel a resolution to the tension, a sense of coming home. You can end the song there; in fact, that’s how it does end. The bassist plays an important role in creating and releasing tension. You’re pretty much in the driver’s seat!

Keeping time

Keeping a steady beat, or pulse, is one of the bassist’s primary functions. I refer to this function as locking in with the drummer, because you work closely with the drummer to establish the rhythm. So be nice to your drummers. Listen to them carefully and know them well. And while the two of you are on such cozy terms, spend some time together reading what Chapter 4 has to say about rhythm.

Nothing works better than a metronome to help you develop an unfailing sense of time. The steady (and sometimes infuriating) click that emanates from this device provides an ideal backdrop for your own precise note placement, be it on or off the beat. You can find out more about the metronome in Chapter 4.

Establishing rhythms

As a bassist, you need to have a clear understanding of exactly how the rhythm relates to the beat. Not only do you need to know where to place the notes for the groove in relation to the beat, but you also want to make your grooves memorable (see Chapter 6 for more about how to create memorable grooves). If you can’t remember them, no one else will, either — including the listener (who, of course, makes the trip to hear you play).

Looking cool

While the guitarists move through their aerobic exercises on stage, dripping with sweat and smashing their guitars, you get to be cool. You can join in with their antics if you want, but have you ever seen footage of The Who? John Entwistle was cool. And if you ever get a chance to see U2, check out their bassist, Adam Clayton. He’s one cool cucumber. Great bassists are just too busy creating fabulous bass lines to join in the antics of their bandmates.

Dissecting the Anatomy of a Bass Guitar

You can call it a bass guitar, an electric bass, an electric bass guitar, or just a bass. All these labels crop up in discussions of music and musical instruments, and you may encounter individuals who believe that only one of these labels is correct. But it doesn’t matter which term you choose, because they all refer to the same instrument.

Figure 1-1 depicts the bass guitar (or whatever you prefer to call it), with all its main parts labeled.

The bass consists of three sections: The neck, the body, and the innards. The different parts of the neck and body are easy to see, but the innards aren’t so obvious. You’d have to remove the cover (or covers) to get at the innards, but knowing why they’re there is important.

FIGURE 1-1: The bass guitar in all its glory.

The neck

The neck of the bass guitar falls under the dominion of the fretting hand (usually the left hand). The following list describes the function of each part of the neck:

The

headstock

is the top of the neck. It holds the tuning machines for the strings.

The

tuning machines

(also called

tuners

or

tuning heads

) hold the ends of the strings. (The other ends are anchored at the bridge on the body; see the next section for more info about the body of the bass.) By turning the individual tuning heads, you can increase or decrease the tension of the strings, which raises or lowers the pitch (sound).

The

nut

is a small piece of wood, plastic, graphite, or brass that provides a groove (in this case, a small indentation) for each string. It establishes one end of the vibrating length of the string.

The

fingerboard

is attached to the front of the neck and is the flat side of the neck, beneath the strings, that holds the frets. The neck and the fingerboard usually are two separate pieces, but not always. The frets are embedded in the fingerboard.

The

frets

are the thin metal strips that are embedded, perpendicular to the strings, along the length of the fingerboard. They determine the pitch of the note that’s played. Frets are arranged in

half steps

(the smallest unit of musical distance from one note to the next). When a string is pressed against a fret, the string’s vibrating length, and thus its pitch, is changed.

The

strings

, strictly speaking, aren’t part of your bass, because you remove and replace them periodically. However, your bass would be absolutely useless without them (except maybe as a “bass-ball” bat). The strings are connected to the tuning machines at one end and to the bridge at the other. The vibration of the strings produces the sound.

The

back of the neck

refers to the part of the neck where the thumb of your fretting hand rests.

The body

The body of the bass guitar falls under the dominion of the striking hand (usually the right hand). The following list describes the function of each part of the body:

The

pickups

consist of magnets embedded in a plastic bar that lies underneath and perpendicular to the strings. You may have two magnets for each string or one long magnet for all the strings. The magnets form a magnetic field, and the vibration of the string disturbs (or

modulates

) that field. This modulation is then translated into an electric signal, which in turn is converted into sound by the amplifier and speaker.

The

controls

are the knobs used for adjusting the volume and tone (bass and treble) of the pickups. They’re located toward the end of your bass.

The

bridge

attaches the strings to the end of the body; it holds one end of each string. Modern pickups, such as piezo pickups or lightwave pickups, are sometimes installed inside the bridge. These pickups read the vibration of the string at the bridge.

The

strap pin

is the metal knob on the body near the neck, where you attach one end of your shoulder strap (usually the thick end).

The

end pin

is the metal knob on the bottom end of the body (by the bridge) where you attach the thin end of your shoulder strap.

The

jack

(also called the

input jack

) is the socket used for connecting the cord from your bass to the amplifier (for more on amplifiers, see

Chapter 16

).

Well, there you are — who says you don’t know jack?

The innards

The innards, sometimes referred to as the guts, aren’t visible to the eye (they’re hidden in the cavity of the instrument and covered with plates), but they’re essential to the sound and feel of the bass guitar. The following list describes the innards of the bass guitar:

The

truss rod

is an adjustable metal rod that runs the length of your bass guitar’s neck. The truss rod controls the curvature of the neck and fingerboard and keeps them stable. If you need to make adjustments to it, you can reach it through the top or bottom of the neck.

The

electronics

of a bass guitar are a collection of wires, “pots” (short for

potentiometers,

or electronic capacitors, the round devices connected to the inner side of a volume knob), and other important-looking electronic items that help convert the vibration of the string into sound. The cavity for the electronics usually is located under a plate on the back of your bass guitar’s body. It also may be located under the control knobs on the front of your bass.

The

batteries

are an option. If your bass has

active electronics