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- Herausgeber: Simone Malacrida
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:
nuclear models and interactions
nuclear physics
particle physics
electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics
attempts at unification of fundamental interactions
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022
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Table of Contents
"Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics” | ––––––––SIMONE MALACRIDA
INTRODUCTION
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
PARTICLE PHYSICS
ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY THE FORCES
OPEN QUESTIONS
"Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics”
––––––––SIMONE MALACRIDA
The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:
nuclear models and interactions
nuclear physics
particle physics
electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics
attempts at unification of fundamental interactions
Simone Malacrida (1977)
Engineer and writer, has worked on research, finance, energy policy and industrial plants.
ANALYTICAL INDEX
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INTRODUCTION
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I - NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Atom and nucleus
Decays, new particles and new interactions
Nuclear models
Other decays
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II - PARTICLE PHYSICS
New particles
Quarks and particle classification
Quantum numbers and conservation laws
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III - ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY THE FORCES
The mathematical support: the theory of groups
Electroweak interaction
Quantum chromodynamics
The Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
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IV - OPEN QUESTIONS
INTRODUCTION
This handbook exposes the cornerstones of nuclear and particle physics.
Atomic and nuclear models are presented, as well as new interactions deriving from nuclear physics.
The next step is to focus attention on the elementary particles constituting the nucleus and on the quarks, arriving at a classification of the same and enunciating new conservation laws.
The reconciliation of quantum field theory with nuclear physics has been achieved through two different paths.
On the one hand, the weak nuclear interaction has harmonized with the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field giving rise to the electroweak interaction.
On the other hand, quantum chromodynamics has allowed for the explanation of the strong nuclear force within the formalism of quantum field theory.
The latest attempt by scientists is to unify these two theories into a new Grand Unified Theory.
This attempt has so far been in vain, but current research is entirely focused in this direction (not least, the experiments on the Higgs boson carried out at the LHC in Geneva.)
What is presented in this book far exceeds what is taught at the university level, unless you have chosen a course of study in physics.
On the other hand, not every nuclear phenomenon is investigated in detail and neither exercises nor numerical simulations are presented.
I
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Atom and nucleus
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The discovery of atoms in the modern era dates back to 1803 by Dalton, while throughout the nineteenth century he worked on the establishment of the periodic table of elements, discovering all those characteristics of repetition, precisely of periodicity, between contiguous elements or elements belonging to the same group , without however being able to give a convincing theoretical explanation.
Furthermore, the famous octet rule, which structures and defines precisely the periodicity of the table, was not at all clear and was mainly used for its extraordinary empirical validity.
With the discovery of the electron in 1874 by Stoney, the problem of atomic structure arose.
Thompson suggested a model in which the atoms, on average having zero electric charge, were composed of a single accumulation of electrons and protons (the negative and positive charges, respectively).
Rutherford's subsequent experiments disproved this model.
Rutherford's atom was composed of a very small nucleus, made up of protons, and the electrons that revolved around it.
The majority of the atom was made up of "emptiness".
Bohr's atom, proposed in 1913 to give a first explanation of quantum mechanics, was substantially based on Rutherford's model, except considering a quantization of the orbits of the electrons.
