Networking For Dummies E-Book

Doug Lowe

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Seitenzahl: 553

Beschreibung

This updated bestseller covers Windows 8, new storage andbackup technologies, and more Both beginning network administrators and home users have madeprevious editions of this book a top seller. Now fully updated,this edition shows you step by step how to set up and maintain anetwork and covers Windows 8 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1. AuthorDoug Lowe also includes updated coverage of broadband technologiesas well as storage and back-up procedures, all in hiseasy-to-follow style. You'll learn to build a wired or wirelessnetwork, secure and optimize it, safely connect to the Internet,troubleshoot problems, and much more. * A perennial bestseller, this guide to networking has been fullyrevised to cover Windows 8, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, newbroadband technologies, and updated storage and backupprocedures * Provides introductory-level networking fundamentals for thoseinexperienced in network technology * Covers networking with all major operating systems * Shows how to build, secure, and optimize a network, safelyconnect to the Internet, troubleshoot problems, and more Networking For Dummies, 10th Edition walks you throughthe process of setting up and maintaining a network, at home or inthe office.

Leseprobe

Networking For Dummies®, 10th Edition

Published byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030-5774

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Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2013933934

ISBN 978-1-118-47408-2 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-47412-9 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-47411-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-47414-3 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

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About the Author

Doug Lowe has written enough computer books to line all the birdcages in California. His other books include Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies (now in its fourth edition), PowerPoint 2013 For Dummies, Java All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, and Electronics All-in-One For Dummies.

Although Doug has yet to win a Pulitzer Prize, he remains cautiously optimistic. He is hopeful that Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil will turn this book into a musical, titled Les Réseau Miserables. (Hopefully the role of the vengeful network administrator will be played by someone who can sing.)

Doug lives in sunny Fresno, California, where the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains are visible through the smog at least three or four glorious days every year.

Dedication

This one is for mom. I will miss you so.

Author’s Acknowledgments

I’d like to thank project editor Christopher Morris, who did a great job of managing all the editorial work that was required to put this book together, and Amy Fandrei, who made the whole project possible. I’d also like to thank Dan DiNicolo, who gave the entire manuscript a thorough technical review and offered many excellent suggestions, as well as copy editor Teresa Artman, who made sure the i’s were crossed and the t’s were dotted (oops, reverse that!). And, as always, thanks to all the behind-the-scenes people who chipped in with help I’m not even aware of.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax [phone].

Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:

Acquisitions and Editorial

Sr. Project Editor: Christopher Morris

Acquisitions Editor: Amy Fandrei

Sr. Copy Editor: Teresa Artman

Technical Editor: Dan DiNicolo

Editorial Manager: Kevin Kirschner

Editorial Assistant: Annie Sullivan

Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case

Cover Photo: © Spectral-Design / iStockphoto

Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com)

Composition Services

Project Coordinator: Katherine Crocker

Layout and Graphics: Jennifer Creasey, Joyce Haughey

Proofreaders: Jessica Kramer, Kathy Simpson

Indexer: Slivoskey Indexing Services

Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies

Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher

Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director

Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director

Publishing for Consumer Dummies

Kathleen Nebenhaus, Vice President and Executive Publisher

Composition Services

Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services

Networking For Dummies, 10th Edition®

Visit www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/networking to view this book's cheat sheet.

Table of Contents

Introduction

About This Book

How to Use This Book

What You Don’t Need to Read

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Part I: Getting Started with Networking

Part II: Setting Up a Network

Part III: Working with Servers

Part IV: Cloudy with a Chance of Gigabytes

Part V: Managing and Protecting Your Network

Part VI: More Ways to Network

Part VII: The Part of Tens

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I: Getting Started with Networking

Chapter 1: Let’s Network!

Defining a Network

Why Bother with a Network?

Sharing files

Sharing resources

Sharing programs

Servers and Clients

Dedicated Servers and Peers

What Makes a Network Tick?

It’s Not a Personal Computer Anymore!

The Network Administrator

What Have They Got That You Don’t Got?

Chapter 2: Life on the Network

Distinguishing between Local Resources and Network Resources

What’s in a Name?

Logging On to the Network

Understanding Shared Folders

Four Good Uses for a Shared Folder

Store files that everybody needs

Store your own files

Make a temporary resting place for files on their way to other users

Back up your local hard drive

Oh, the Network Places You’ll Go

Mapping Network Drives

Using a Network Printer

Adding a network printer

Printing to a network printer

Playing with the print queue

Logging Off the Network

Chapter 3: More Ways to Use Your Network

Sharing Your Stuff

Enabling File and Printer Sharing (Windows XP)

Enabling File and Printer Sharing (Windows Vista)

Enabling File and Printer Sharing (Windows 7 and 8)

Sharing a Folder

Sharing a folder in Windows XP

Sharing a folder in Windows Vista, 7, or 8

Using the Public Folder in Windows Vista or Windows 7 or 8

Sharing a Printer

Sharing a printer in Windows XP

Sharing a printer in Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8

Using Microsoft Office on a Network

Installing Office on a network — some options

Accessing network files

Using workgroup templates

Networking an Access database

Working with Offline Files

Part II: Setting Up a Network

Chapter 4: Planning a Network

Making a Network Plan

Being Purposeful

Taking Stock

What you need to know

Programs that gather information for you

To Dedicate or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question

File servers

Print servers

Web servers

Mail servers

Database servers

Choosing a Server Operating System

Planning the Infrastructure

Drawing Diagrams

Sample Network Plans

Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc.

Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc.

Improving network performance: DCH Accounting

Chapter 5: Dealing with TCP/IP

Understanding Binary

Counting by ones

Doing the logic thing

Introducing IP Addresses

Networks and hosts

The dotted-decimal dance

Classifying IP Addresses

Class A addresses

Class B addresses

Class C addresses

Subnetting

Subnets

Subnet masks

The great subnet roundup

Private and public addresses

Understanding Network Address Translation

Configuring Your Network for DHCP

Understanding DHCP

DHCP servers

Understanding scopes

Feeling excluded?

Reservations suggested

How long to lease?

Managing a Windows Server 2012 DHCP Server

Configuring a Windows DHCP Client

Using DNS

Domains and domain names

Fully qualified domain names

Working with the Windows DNS Server

Configuring a Windows DNS Client

Chapter 6: Oh, What a Tangled Web We Weave: Cables, Switches, and Routers

What Is Ethernet?

All about Cable

Cable categories

What’s with the pairs?

To shield or not to shield

When to use plenum cable

Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded

Installation guidelines

The tools you need

Pinouts for twisted-pair cables

RJ-45 connectors

Crossover cables

Wall jacks and patch panels

Working with Switches

Daisy-Chaining Switches

Using a Router

Chapter 7: Configuring Windows Clients

Configuring Network Connections

Configuring Windows XP network connections

Configuring Windows Vista network connections

Configuring Windows 7 and Windows 8 network connections

Configuring Client Computer Identification

Configuring Windows XP computer identification

Configuring computer identification on Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8

Configuring Network Logon

Chapter 8: Connecting Your Network to the Internet

Connecting to the Internet

Connecting with cable or DSL

Connecting with high-speed private lines

Sharing an Internet connection

Securing Your Connection with a Firewall

Using a firewall

The built-in Windows firewall

Chapter 9: Setting Up a Wireless Network

Diving into Wireless Networking

A Little High School Electronics

Waves and frequencies

Wavelength and antennas

Spectrums and the FCC

Eight-Oh-Two-Dot-Eleventy Something?: Understanding Wireless Standards

Home on the Range

Using Wireless Network Adapters

Setting Wireless Access Points

Infrastructure mode

Multifunction WAPs

Roaming Capabilities

Wireless bridging

Ad-hoc networks

Configuring a Wireless Access Point

Basic configuration options

DHCP configuration

Connecting to a Wireless Network with Windows Vista, 7, or 8

Configuring Windows XP for Wireless Networking

Part III: Working with Servers

Chapter 10: Setting Up a Server

Network Operating System Features

Network support

File-sharing services

Multitasking

Directory services

Security services

Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems

Windows NT Server 4

Windows 2000 Server

Windows 2003 Server

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Server 2012

Seeing Other Server Operating Systems

Linux

Mac OS X Server

Novell NetWare

The Many Ways to Install a Network Operating System

Full install versus upgrade

Installing over the network

Gathering Your Stuff

A capable server computer

The server OS

Other software

A working Internet connection

A good book

Making Informed Decisions

Final Preparations

Installing a Network Operating System

Phase 1: Collecting Information

Phase 2: Installing Windows

Configuring Your Server

Chapter 11: Managing Windows User Accounts

Understanding Windows User Accounts

Local accounts versus domain accounts

User account properties

Creating a New User

Setting User Properties

Changing the user’s contact information

Setting account options

Specifying logon hours

Restricting access to certain computers

Setting the user’s profile information

Resetting User Passwords

Disabling and Enabling User Accounts

Deleting a User

Working with Groups

Creating a group

Adding a member to a group

Creating a Logon Script

Chapter 12: Managing Network Storage

Understanding Network Storage

File servers

Storage appliances

Understanding Permissions

Understanding Shares

Managing Your File Server

Using the New Share Wizard

Sharing a folder without the wizard

Granting permissions

Chapter 13: Managing Exchange Server 2010

Creating a Mailbox

Managing Mailboxes

Enabling mailbox features

Creating a forwarder

Setting mailbox storage limits

Configuring Outlook for Exchange

Chapter 14: Creating an Intranet

Defining an Intranet

Identifying Intranet Uses

Setting Up an Intranet

Setting Up an IIS Web Server

Understanding the Default Website

Creating Websites

Part IV: Cloudy with a Chance of Gigabytes

Chapter 15: Life in Cloud City

Introducing Cloud Computing

Looking at the Benefits of Cloud Computing

Detailing the Drawbacks of Cloud Computing

Examining Three Basic Kinds of Cloud Services

Applications

Platforms

Infrastructure

Public Clouds versus Private Clouds

Introducing Some of the Major Cloud Providers

Amazon

Google

Microsoft

Getting Into the Cloud

Chapter 16: Managing Mobile Devices

The Many Types of Mobile Devices

Considering Security for Mobile Devices

Managing iOS Devices

Understanding the iPhone

Understanding the iPad

Integrating iOS Devices with Exchange

Enabling Exchange Mobile Services

Enabling ActiveSync for a user’s mailbox

Configuring an iOS device for Exchange e-mail

Managing Android Devices

Looking at the Android OS

Perusing Android’s core applications

Integrating Android with Exchange

Chapter 17: Connecting from Home

Using Outlook Web App

Using a Virtual Private Network

Looking at VPN security

Understanding VPN servers and clients

Part V: Managing and Protecting Your Network

Chapter 18: Welcome to Network Management

What a Network Administrator Does

Choosing the Part-Time Administrator

The Three “Ups” of Network Management

Managing Network Users

Acquiring Software Tools for Network Administrators

Building a Library

Pursuing Certification

Helpful Bluffs and Excuses

Chapter 19: Solving Network Problems

When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers

Fixing Dead Computers

Ways to Check a Network Connection

A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By!

Double-Checking Your Network Settings

Using the Windows Networking Troubleshooter

Time to Experiment

Who’s on First?

Restarting a Client Computer

Booting in Safe Mode

Using System Restore

Restarting Network Services

Restarting a Network Server

Looking at Event Logs

Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations

Chapter 20: Backing Up Your Data

Backing Up Your Data

Choosing Where to Back Up Your Data

Backing Up to Tape

Understanding Backup Software

Comparing Types of Backups

Normal backups

Copy backups

Daily backups

Incremental backups

Differential backups

Choosing between Local and Network Backups

Deciding How Many Sets of Backups to Keep

Verifying Tape Reliability

Keeping Backup Equipment Clean and Reliable

Setting Backup Security

Chapter 21: Securing Your Network

Do You Need Security?

Two Approaches to Security

Physical Security: Locking Your Doors

Securing User Accounts

Obfuscating your usernames

Using passwords wisely

Generating passwords For Dummies

Secure the Administrator account

Managing User Security

User accounts

Built-in accounts

User rights

Permissions (who gets what)

Group therapy

User profiles

Logon scripts

Securing Your Users

Chapter 22: Hardening Your Network

Firewalls

The Many Types of Firewalls

Packet filtering

Stateful packet inspection (SPI)

Circuit-level gateway

Application gateway

The Built-In Windows Firewall

Virus Protection

What is a virus?

Antivirus programs

Safe computing

Patching Things Up

Chapter 23: Network Performance Anxiety

Why Administrators Hate Performance Problems

What Exactly Is a Bottleneck?

The Five Most Common Network Bottlenecks

The hardware inside your servers

The server’s configuration options

Servers that do too much

The network infrastructure

Malfunctioning components

Tune Your Network the Compulsive Way

Monitoring Network Performance

More Performance Tips

Part VI: More Ways to Network

Chapter 24: Going Virtual

Understanding Virtualization

Looking at the Benefits of Virtualization

Getting Started with Virtualization

Creating a Virtual Machine

Chapter 25: Networking with Linux

Comparing Linux with Windows

Choosing a Linux Distribution

Installing Linux

On Again, Off Again

Logging on

Logging off

Shutting down

Using GNOME

Getting to a Command Shell

Managing User Accounts

Network Configuration

Using the Network Configuration program

Restarting your network

Doing the Samba Dance

Understanding Samba

Installing Samba

Starting and stopping Samba

Using the Samba Server Configuration tool

Chapter 26: Macintosh Networking

Basic Mac Network Settings

Joining a Domain

Connecting to a Share

Part VII: The Part of Tens

Chapter 27: Ten Networking Commandments

I. Thou Shalt Back Up Thy Hard Drive Religiously

II. Thou Shalt Protect Thy Network from Infidels

III. Thou Shalt Keepeth Thy Network Drive Pure and Cleanse It of Old Files

IV. Thou Shalt Not Tinker with Thine Network Configuration Unless Thou Knowest What Thou Art Doing

V. Thou Shalt Not Covet Thy Neighbor’s Network

VI. Thou Shalt Schedule Downtime before Working upon Thy Network

VII. Thou Shalt Keep an Adequate Supply of Spare Parts

VIII. Thou Shalt Not Steal Thy Neighbor’s Program without a License

IX. Thou Shalt Train Thy Users in the Ways of the Network

X. Thou Shalt Write Down Thy Network Configuration upon Tablets of Stone

Chapter 28: Ten Big Network Mistakes

Skimping on Cable

Turning Off or Restarting a Server Computer While Users Are Logged On

Deleting Important Files on the Server

Copying a File from the Server, Changing It, and Then Copying It Back

Sending Something to the Printer Again Just Because It Didn’t Print the First Time

Assuming That the Server Is Safely Backed Up

Connecting to the Internet without Considering Security Issues

Plugging In a Wireless Access Point without Asking

Thinking You Can’t Work Just Because the Network Is Down

Running Out of Space on a Server

Always Blaming the Network

Chapter 29: Ten Things You Should Keep in Your Closet

Duct Tape

Tools

Patch Cables

Cable Ties

Twinkies

Extra Network Cards

Cheap Network Switches

The Complete Documentation of the Network on Tablets of Stone

The Network Manuals and Disks

Ten Copies of This Book

Cheat Sheet

Introduction

Welcome to the tenth edition of Networking For Dummies, the book that’s written especially for people who have this nagging feeling in the back of their minds that they should network their computers but haven’t a clue about how to start or where to begin.

Do you often copy a spreadsheet to a flash drive just so you can give it to someone else in your office? Are you frustrated because you can’t use the fancy color laser printer that’s on the financial secretary’s computer? Do you wait in line to use the computer that has the customer database? You need a network!

Or maybe you already have a network, but you have just one problem: Someone promised that a network would make your life easier, but it’s instead turned your computing life upside down. Just when you had this computer thing figured out, someone popped into your office, hooked up a cable, and said, “Happy networking!” Makes you want to scream.

Regardless, you’ve found the right book. Help is here, within these humble pages.

This book talks about networks in everyday (and often irreverent) terms. The language is friendly; you don’t need a graduate education to get through it. And the occasional potshot helps unseat the hallowed and sacred traditions of networkdom, bringing just a bit of fun to an otherwise dry subject. The goal is to bring the lofty precepts of networking down to earth, where you can touch them and squeeze them and say, “What’s the big deal? I can do this!”

About This Book

This isn’t the kind of book you pick up and read from start to finish, as if it were a cheap novel. If I ever see you reading it at the beach, I’ll kick sand in your face. This book is more like a reference, the kind of book you can pick up, turn to just about any page, and start reading. Each chapter covers a specific aspect of networking, such as printing from the network, hooking up network cables, or setting up security so that bad guys can’t break in. Just turn to the chapter you’re interested in and start reading.

Each chapter is divided into self-contained chunks, all related to the major theme of the chapter. For example, the chapter on hooking up the network cable contains nuggets like these:

What is Ethernet?

All about cable

To shield or not to shield

Wall jacks and patch panels

Switches

You don’t have to memorize anything in this book. It’s a need-to-know book: You pick it up when you need to know something. Need to know what 100BaseT is? Pick up the book. Need to know how to create good passwords? Pick up the book. Otherwise, put it down and get on with your life.

How to Use This Book

This book works like a reference. Start with the topic you want to find out about. Look for it in the Table of Contents or in the index to get going.

If you need to type something, you see the text you need to type like this: Type this stuff. In this example, you type Type this stuff at the keyboard and then press Enter. An explanation usually follows, just in case you’re scratching your head and grunting, “Huh?”

Whenever I describe a message or information that you see on the screen, I present it this way:

A message from your friendly network

This book rarely directs you elsewhere for information; just about everything that you need to know about networks is right here. If you find the need for additional information, plenty of other For Dummies books can help. If you have a networking question that isn’t covered in this book, allow me to suggest my own Networking All-in-One For Dummies, 5thEdition (Wiley), which is a much-expanded reference book that goes deeper into specific network operating systems and TCP/IP protocols. You can also find plenty of other For Dummies books that cover just about every operating system and application program known to humanity.

What You Don’t Need to Read

Aside from the topics you can use right away, much of this book is skippable. I carefully placed extra-technical information in self-contained sidebars and clearly marked them so that you can steer clear of them. Don’t read this stuff unless you’re really into technical explanations and want to know a little of what’s going on behind the scenes. Don’t worry: My feelings won’t be hurt if you don’t read every word.

Foolish Assumptions

I’m making only two assumptions about who you are: You’re someone who works with a PC, and you either have a network or you’re thinking about getting one. I hope that you know (and are on speaking terms with) someone who knows more about computers than you do. My goal is to decrease your reliance on that person, but don’t throw away his phone number yet.

Is this book useful for Macintosh users? Absolutely. Although the bulk of this book is devoted to showing you how to link Windows-based computers to form a network, you can find information about how to network Macintosh computers as well.

Windows 8? Gotcha covered. You’ll find plenty of information about how to network with the latest and greatest Microsoft operating system.

How This Book Is Organized

Inside this book, you find chapters arranged in parts. Each chapter breaks down into sections that cover various aspects of the chapter’s main subject. The chapters are in a logical sequence, so reading them in order (if you want to read the whole thing) makes sense, but the book is modular enough that you can pick it up and start reading at any point.

Here’s the lowdown on what’s in each part.

Part I: Getting Started with Networking

The chapters in this part present a layperson’s introduction to what networking is all about. This part is a good place to start if you’re clueless about what a network is and why you’re suddenly expected to use one. It’s also a great place to start if you’re a hapless network user who doesn’t give a whit about “optimizing network performance” but wants to know what the network is and how to get the most out of it.

The best thing about this part is that it focuses on how to use a network without getting into the technical details of setting up a network or maintaining a network server. In other words, this part is aimed at ordinary network users who have to know how to get along with a network.

Part II: Setting Up a Network

Uh-oh. The boss just gave you an ultimatum: Get a network up and running by Friday or pack your things. The chapters in this section cover everything you need to know to build a network, from picking the network operating system to installing the cable.

Part III: Working with Servers

One of the most challenging aspects of setting up a network is installing and configuring server computers and the software that runs on them. The chapters in this part show you how to set up a basic server, create user accounts, and configure file, e-mail, and web servers.

Part IV: Cloudy with a Chance of Gigabytes

The chapters in this part introduce you to techniques for extending your network into the Internet using what has come to be known as cloud computing. Included in this part are chapters about integrating the new breed of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers into your network, as well as extending your office network to your home computer.

Part V: Managing and Protecting Your Network

I hope that the job of managing the network doesn’t fall on your shoulders, but in case it does, the chapters in this part can help you out. You find out all about backup, security, performance, dusting, mopping, changing the oil, and all the other stuff that network managers have to do.

You will also learn about network security: backing up your data, protecting your network from evil people who want to break your network’s back, and hardening your network against threats such as viruses and spyware.

Part VI: More Ways to Network

The three chapters in this part cover some additional technologies you need to know to build and manage a successful network. First, you’ll see how you can use virtualization in your network so that you can save money by buying fewer server computers. Then you’ll discover about networking with the two most popular alternatives to Windows: Linux and Macintosh computers.

Part VII: The Part of Tens

This wouldn’t be a For Dummies book without a collection of lists of interesting snippets: ten networking commandments, ten things you should keep in your closet, and more!

Icons Used in This Book

Those nifty little pictures in the margin aren’t there just to pretty up the place. They also have practical functions.

Hold it — technical details lurk just around the corner. Read on only if you have a pocket protector.

Pay special attention to this icon; it lets you know that some particularly useful tidbit is at hand — perhaps a shortcut or a little-used command that pays off big.

Did I tell you about the memory course I took?

Danger, Will Robinson! This icon highlights information that may help you avoid disaster.

Where to Go from Here

Yes, you can get there from here. With this book in hand, you’re ready to plow right through the rugged networking terrain. Browse through the Table of Contents and decide where you want to start. Be bold! Be courageous! Be adventurous! Above all, have fun!

Occasionally, we have updates to our technology books. If this book does have any technical updates, they’ll be posted at

www.dummies.com/go/networkingonlinefd10eupdates

Part I

Getting Started with Networking

  Visit www.dummies.com for great Dummies content online

In this part…

Learning what a network is and what you can do with one

Comparing server and client computers

Accessing network resources such as shared storage and network printers

Using Microsoft Office and other software on a network

Chapter 1

Let’s Network!

In This Chapter

Getting a handle on networks

Considering why networking is useful (and is everywhere)

Telling the difference between servers and clients

Looking under the hood at the network operating system