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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
CHEMICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING Written by one of the most prolific and respected chemical engineers in the world and his co-author, also a well-known and respected engineer, this two-volume set is the "new standard" in the industry, offering engineers and students alike the most up-do-date, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art coverage of processes and best practices in the field today. This new two-volume set explores and describes integrating new tools for engineering education and practice for better utilization of the existing knowledge on process design. Useful not only for students, university professors, and practitioners, especially process, chemical, mechanical and metallurgical engineers, it is also a valuable reference for other engineers, consultants, technicians and scientists concerned about various aspects of industrial design. The text can be considered as complementary to process design for senior and graduate students as well as a hands-on reference work or refresher for engineers at entry level. The contents of the book can also be taught in intensive workshops in the oil, gas, petrochemical, biochemical and process industries. The book provides a detailed description and hands-on experience on process design in chemical engineering, and it is an integrated text that focuses on practical design with new tools, such as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and UniSim simulation software. Written by two of the industry's most trustworthy and well-known authors, this book is the new standard in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and petroleum refining. Covering design, analysis, simulation, integration, and, perhaps most importantly, the practical application of Microsoft Excel-UniSim software, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all of the latest developments in the industry. It is a must-have for any engineer or student's library.
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Seitenzahl: 1183
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Companion Web Page
Gratitude
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
8 Heat Transfer
Introduction
8.1 Types of Heat Transfer Equipment Terminology
8.2 Details of Exchange Equipment
8.3 Factors Affection Shell Selection
8.4 Common Combinations of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
8.5 Thermal Design
8.6 The Effectiveness – NTU Method
8.7 Pressure Drop, Δp
8.8 Heat Balance
8.9 Transfer Area
8.10 Fouling of Tube Surface
8.11 Exchanger Design
8.12 Approximate Values for Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients
8.13 Design and Rating of Heat Exchangers
8.14 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Procedure (SI Units)
8.15 Bell-Delaware Method
8.16 Rapid Design Algorithms for Shell and Tube and Compact Heat Exchangers: Polley et al. [88]
8.17 Fluids in the Annulus of Tube-in-Pipe or Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, Forced Convection
8.18 Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers
8.19 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers
8.20 Spiral Heat Exchangers
8.21 Spiral Coils in Vessels
8.22 Heat-Loss Tracing for Process Piping
8.23 Boiling and Vaporization
8.24 Heating Media
8.25 Batch Heating and Cooling of Fluids
9 Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Network
Introduction
Application of Process Integration
Pinch Technology
Heat Exchanger Network Design
Optimization Variables
Optimization of the Use of Utilities (Utility Placement)
Heat Exchanger Network Revamp
Heat Recovery Problem Identification
The Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram (T-H)
Energy Targets
Heat Recovery for Multiple Systems
The Heat Recovery Pinch and Its Significance
The Significance of the Pinch
The Plus-Minus Principle for Process Modifications
A Targeting Procedure: The Problem Table Algorithm
The Grand Composite Curve
Placing Utilities Using the Grand Composite Curve
Stream Matching at the Pinch
The Pinch Design Approach to Inventing a Network
Heat Exchanger Network Design (HEN)
Network Design Above the Pinch
The Intermediate Temperatures in the Streams are:
Network Design Below the Pinch
The Intermediate Temperatures in the Streams are:
Above the Pinch
Below the Pinch
Example 9.2
Solution
Design for Threshold Problems
Stream Splitting
Advantages and Disadvantages of Stream Splitting
Example 9.3 (Source: Seider et al. Product and Process Design Principles – Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation 3rd ed. Wiley, 2009 [26])
Solution
Example 9.4: Source - Manufacture of cellulose acetate fiber, by Robin Smith (Chemical Process Design and Integration, John Wiley, 2007 [34])
Stream Data Extraction
Solution
Heat Exchanger Area Targets
Example 9.5. (Source: R. Smith, Chemical Process Design, McGraw-Hill, 1995 [20])
Solution
Example 9.6
Solution
HEN Simplification
Heat Load Loops
Example 9.7. Test Case 3, TC3 Linnhoff and Hindmarch [30]
Solution
Heat Load Paths
Number of Shells Target
Implications for HEN Design
Capital Cost Targets
Capital Cost
Network Capital Cost (CC)
Total Cost Targeting
Energy Targeting
Supertargeting or ΔTmin Optimization
Example 9.8. HEN for Maximum Energy Recovery (Warren D. Seider et al. [26])
Solution
Summary: New Heat Exchanger Network Design
Targeting and Design for Constrained Matches
Targeting for Constraints
Heat Engines and Heat Pumps for Optimum Integration
Principle of Operation
Heat Pump Evaluation
Application of a Heat Pump
Appropriate Integration of Heat Engines
Opportunities for Placement of Heat Engines
Appropriate Integration of Heat Pumps
Opportunities for Placement of Heat Pumps
Appropriate Placement of Compression and Expansion in Heat Recovery Systems
Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Process Integration
Total Site Analysis
Applications of Process Integration
Oxygen Pinch
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Management
Mass and Water Pinch
Site-Wide Integration
Flue Gas Emissions
Pitfalls in Process Integration
Pinch to Target CO2 Emissions
Pinch Technology in Petroleum and Chemical Industries
Conclusions
Industrial Applications: Case Studies
Solution
Case Study-3: Network for Aromatics Plant (G. T. Polley, and M.H. Panjeh Shahi, Trans. Inst. ChemE., Vol. 69, Part A, November 1991)
Stream Data Extraction
Solution
Glossary of Terms
Summary and Heuristics
Heuristics
Nomenclature
References
Bibliography
10 Process Safety and Pressure-Relieving Devices
Introduction
10.1 Types of Positive Pressure-Relieving Devices
10.2 Types of Valves/Relief Devices
10.3 Rupture Disk
10.4 Design Pressure of a Vessel
10.5 Materials of Construction
10.6 Rupture Disks
10.7 Unfired Pressure Vessels Only, But Not Fired or Unfired Steam Boilers
10.8 Relieving Capacity of Combinations of Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Disks or Non-Reclosure Devices (Reference ASME Code, Par. UG-127, U-132)
10.9 Establishing Relieving or Set Pressures
10.10 Selection and Application
10.11 Capacity Requirements Evaluation for Process Operation (Non-Fire)
10.12 Selection Features: Safety, Safety Relief Valves, and Rupture Disks
10.13 Calculations of Relieving Areas: Safety and Relief Valves
10.14 Standard Pressure Relief Valves Relief Area Discharge Openings
10.15 Sizing Safety Relief Type Devices for Required Flow Area at Time of Relief
10.16 Effects of Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Mixture on Relief Valve Capacity
10.17 Sizing for Gases or Vapors or Liquids for Conventional Valves with Constant Backpressure Only
10.18 Orifice Area Calculations [42]
10.19 Sizing Valves for Liquid Relief: Pressure Relief Valves Requiring Capacity Certification [5d]
10.20 Sizing Valves for Liquid Relief: Pressure Relief Valves Not Requiring Capacity Certification [5d]
10.21 Reaction Forces
10.22 Calculations of Orifice Flow Area using Pressure-Relieving Balanced Bellows Valves, with Variable or Constant Back Pressure
10.23 Sizing Valves for Liquid Expansion (Hydraulic Expansion of Liquid-Filled Systems/Equipment/Piping)
10.24 Sizing Valves for Subcritical Flow: Gas or Vapor but not Steam [5d]
10.25 Emergency Pressure Relief: Fires and Explosions Rupture Disks
10.26 External Fires
10.27 Set Pressures for External Fires
10.28 Heat Absorbed
10.29 Surface Area Exposed to Fire
10.30 Relief Capacity for Fire Exposure
10.31 Code Requirements for External Fire Conditions
10.32 Design Procedure
10.33 Runaway Reactions: DIERS
10.34 Hazard Evaluation in the Chemical Process Industries
10.35 Hazard Assessment Procedures
10.36 Exotherms
10.37 Accumulation
10.38 Thermal Runaway Chemical Reaction Hazards
10.39 Heat Consumed Heating the Vessel. The φ-Factor
10.40 Onset Temperature
10.41 Time-to-Maximum Rate
10.42 Maximum Reaction Temperature
10.43 Vent Sizing Package (VSP)
10.44 Vent Sizing Package 2™ (VSP2™)
10.45 Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool (ARSST)
10.46 Two-Phase Flow Relief Sizing for Runaway Reaction
10.47 Runaway Reactions
10.48 Vapor Pressure Systems
10.49 Gassy Systems
10.50 Hybrid Systems
10.51 Simplified Nomograph Method
10.52 Vent Sizing Methods
10.53 Vapor Pressure Systems
10.54 Fauske’s Method
10.55 Gassy Systems
10.56 Homogeneous Two-Phase Venting Until Disengagement
10.57 Two-Phase Flow Through an Orifice
10.58 Conditions of Use
10.59 Discharge System
10.60 Safe Discharge
10.61 Direct Discharge to the Atmosphere
10.62 DIERS Final Reports
10.63 Sizing for Two-Phase Fluids
11 Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design
INTRODUCTION
INDUSTRIAL REACTION PROCESSES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
IDEAL REACTORS
NON-IDEAL REACTORS
BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTION HAZARDS INCIDENTS
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
References
12 Engineering Economics
INTRODUCTION
GROSS PROFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COST ESTIMATION
PROJECT EVALUATION
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
Carbon Tax
References
13 Optimization in Chemical/Petroleum Engineering
Optimal Operating Conditions of a Boiler
Optimum Distillation Reflux
Features of Optimization Problems
Linear Programming (LP) For Blending
LP Software
The Excel Solver
Problem Solution
A Case Study: Optimum Reactor Temperature [10]
Introduction
Blending Processes
Non-Linear Octane Blending Formula
Gasoline Blending
Solution
Mathematical Formulation
A Case Study [15]
Notation
References
Further Reference
Epilogue
Index
Also of Interest
End User License Agreement
