Henry Winstanley and the Eddystone Lighthouse E-Book

Adam Hart-Davis

• Herausgeber: The History Press
• Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2003

Beschreibung

Adam Hart-Davis vividly recreates the story of the Eddystone Lighthouse, the character of the man who built it, and the power of the elements that finally destroyed them both.

Leseprobe

HENRY

WINSTANLEY

and the

EDDYSTONE

LIGHTHOUSE

First published in 2002 by Sutton Publishing

Paperback edition first published in 2003

The History Press The Mill, Brimscombe Port Stroud, Gloucestershire, GL5 2QGwww.thehistorypress.co.uk

This ebook edition first published in 2013

All rights reserved © Adam Hart-Davis and Emily Troscianko, 2002, 2013

The right of Adam Hart-Davis and Emily Troscianko to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.

EPUB ISBN 978 0 7524 9511 8

Original typesetting by The History Press

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgements

Timeline

1.

The Eddystone

2.

Audley End

3.

An Ingenious Engraver

4.

Winstanley’s Wonders

5.

Of Ships and Shipwrecks

6.

To Build a Lighthouse

7.

Winstanley’s Dream

8.

A Stately House on the Sea

9.

The Great Storm

Epilogue

Notes

Bibliography

PREFACE

During the 1990s I presented on television a series of programmes called Local Heroes, in which I cycled around Britain (and occasionally other places) telling the stories of long-dead scientists, inventors and entrepreneurs – people who had left a mark on the world and were recognized as heroes, at least in their own home towns. We used to look for heroes for the series by telephoning local studies libraries and asking for potential candidates. A librarian in Plymouth suggested that I should read Fred Majdalaney’s book The Red Rocks of Eddystone. When I did so I was captivated by the story of Henry Winstanley and his lighthouse, and I soon wanted to find out more and write my own book.

Finding out more proved a difficult task. Henry himself wrote little, and his contemporaries were not much better. I have visited what is supposed to be his birthplace, Winstanley House in Saffron Walden, and received much help and support from the library there. By what I consider a cunning piece of detective work I believe I have pinpointed the position of the house he built himself in Littlebury – the site of Winstanley’s Wonders. In Audley End, the stately home where he worked for many years and made the acquaintance of King Charles II, I have recorded part of a radio programme about him, and also, rather incongruously, was filmed dressed as a monk in and around the walled garden. I have trodden the ground near Hyde Park Corner where he built his Waterworks. I have stood on the Barbican in Plymouth to tell the tale for radio of how he defied the advice of the fishermen and went out to Eddystone for that fatal last time. But above all I have been out to Eddystone: I have rowed between the ragged rocks, and even landed on the very rock where he built his lighthouse and later came to grief. Sitting on that rock, while the boat pulled away, was a moving and memorable experience.

This is the story of a remarkable man, his considerable achievements and his tragic end.

Adam Hart-Davis January 2002

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In our research for this book we have been helped by a great number of people, and would like to record our thanks to the following (with apologies to any we have inadvertently omitted): Bishopsgate Institute Library (Mr Webb); Bodleian Library, Oxford (John Johnson collection – Julie Anne Lambert); Dr Allan Chapman; Dr Michael Chrimes; City of Plymouth Museums & Art Gallery (Maureen Attril and others); City of Westminster Archives (Colin Recketts); Essex Record Office (Janet Smith); Guildhall Library (Jeremy Smith); Henley Library (Hilary Fisher); Tony Jago and his crew; Dr Peter Jones; Museum of London (Hazel Forsyth and Nicky Cross); Newmarket Library (Susan Thorpe); Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms; Public Record Office, Kew; Saffron Walden Library and Arts Centre (Martyn Everett); Saffron Walden Museum (Bruce Tice); Science Museum; Science Museum Library (Mrs P. Shah); Allen Simpson; The British Museum; Theatre Museum (Melanie Trifona Christoudia); Trinity House Lighthouse Service (Breda Wall and Jane Wilson); Victoria & Albert Museum; West Devon Record Office (Rachel Broomfield); W.R.W. Winstanley. In addition our thanks go to those who have supplied pictures for this book.

Above all we thank Jaqueline Mitchell and her colleagues at Sutton, who provided masses of encouragement, and kept this book going long after others might have given up.

TIMELINE

1642

English Civil War breaks out

1644

Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer Henry Winstanley born

1649

Charles I executed

1650

Von Guericke invents the air pump

1651

Tea first sold to the public

1654

John Evelyn visits Audley End

1656

Christiaan Huygens invents the pendulum clock

1660

Restoration of Charles II

Royal Society founded

1661

Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza

1665

Winstanley employed as porter at Audley End The Great Plague hits London

Sir John Coryton and Henry Brouncker petition Admiralty to build Eddystone lighthouse

1666

Isaac Newton’s annus mirabilis – he solves gravity and rainbows

1666

The Great Fire of London

1668

Newton invents the reflecting telescope

1669

Charles II buys Audley End

Winstanley made Clerk of Works at Audley End

1670

Henry Morgan sacks Panama

1671

Jean Picard measures the size of the Earth

1675

John Flamsteed appointed Astronomer Royal

Christopher Wren builds Greenwich Observatory

Winstanley produces geographical playing cards

1676

Samuel Pepys made Master of Trinity House

1677

First systematic recording of rainfall by Richard Towneley

1679

Winstanley paid £8 for work on church clock

1680

Lloyds of London opens as a coffee-house Winstanley’s father dies

Denis Papin invents the pressure-cooker

1685

Charles II dies; James II becomes king

1687

John Clayton discovers coal gas

Isaac Newton publishes his great book Principia

1688

The Glorious Revolution

William III and Mary crowned

Winstanley produces engravings of Audley End

1692

Walter Whitfield applies to build Eddystone lighthouse

1695

Snowdrop and Constant sink on Eddystone rocks

1696

Winstanley begins work on Eddystone: digs twelve holes in rock

John Evelyn visits Winstanley’s Waterworks

1697

Winstanley abducted and imprisoned by the French

1698

Diarist Celia Fiennes visits Plymouth

Winstanley completes first lighthouse; lights candles, 14 November

Thomas Savery takes out patent for steam engine

1699

Pepys made Master of Trinity House again

Winstanley completes second and final lighthouse

1701

Jethro Tull invents the seed drill

1703

The Great Storm blows away Winstanley and his lighthouse, 26 November