Loughrea E-Book

Declan Kelly

• Herausgeber: THP Ireland
• Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 163

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

The material included in this volume comes from a variety of sources, including the archives of the diocese of Clonfert and that which was gathered in 1931 by an t-Athair Eric McFhinn, a noted polyglot and scholar of the diocese. Taken in conjunction with the Schools Folklore Commission's work a few years later, this material now has a value beyond even that which was foreseen at the time. In June of 1922, in a singularly unhelpful exercise, some doughty Irishmen set off a landmine in the Public Records Office of the Four Courts. Thousands of old documents were destroyed, including the remaining censi from the nineteenth century and many of the Church of Ireland registers. Happily, just before this happened, Thomas T. O'Farrell had taken the time to type out extracts from the censi taken in Loughrea in 1821 and 1841 and they are also reproduced here in print for the first time. What emerges from this parish history, covering the areas of Cappatagle/ Kilrickle, Carrabane, Leitrim/Kilmeen, Loughrea, Mullagh/Killoran, New Inn/Bullaun, Killeenadeema/Aille and Kiltullagh/Killimordaly/Attymon is a curate's egg of information which we hope will hold something for everyone in the diocese, and which will add in its own way to the process of preserving a record of our past.

Leseprobe

For Bertie

CONTENTS

Title

Dedication

Foreword

Introduction

Glossary

1. Mullagh and Killoran

2. Loughrea

3. Leitrim and Kilmeen

4. Kiltullagh, Killimordaly and Attymon

5. Cappatagle and Kilrickle

6. Carrabane

7. New Inn and Bullaun

8. Killeenadeema and Aille

Copyright

FOREWORD

The writing of a local history is a very important undertaking as it records for posterity the story of a people and their place, making it available and accessible to present and future generations to appreciate and enjoy. It is very often the case that written history can be at odds with locally held ‘truths’.

In this account of the eight parishes that make up the Catholic Deanery of Loughrea, the author, Declan Kelly, has taken an interesting approach. Instead of looking at the hard facts of history as a basis for his work, he has instead tapped into an alternative source of material comprising of a rich vein of oral history and local folk memory to relay the popular history of the region. A mix of folklore and storytelling, this book relates the stories of the clergy, their parishioners and a myriad of others that relate in some way to the everyday life of a rural Irish parish. It does not pretend to be a heavy academic study, but instead is a wonderful weaving of the tales and beliefs and indeed misplaced beliefs of a traditional society. It describes a people who while steadfast in their Catholic faith also clung on to a parallel world of superstition and folk tradition, much of which permeated their lives.

In this book the supernatural is never too far from the minds of the people. Clergy are given miraculous powers, while certain places in the landscape are imbued with a sense of the supernatural and are spoken about and treated with both fear and respect. Ghosts and fairies, the banshee, strange happenings that could only be understood in a supernatural sense were all part of everyday life. What comes out in this book is a deep respect for people and life and an acceptance of death celebrated by popular folk ritual.

Living in what we now believe to be a more enlightened era we tend to dismiss the traditions and beliefs of the recent past as simple and naïve. However, we should not forget that for those whose memories are recounted here this was the stuff of everyday life. It was real to them and therefore vital to our own understanding of who we are.

Dr Christy Cunniffe

INTRODUCTION

The writing of a book is not unlike the making of soup. One chops so much of one ingredient here and slices so much of another there, until the right mix is achieved. Of course, in making soup, one doesn’t empty all the edible contents of one’s larder into the pot and so a sense of culinary discrimination is advised. The writer hopes that his literary prowess exceed his skills in the kitchen.

When compiling an official history of the diocese of Clonfert some years ago, the writer found that after the work had been assembled, a goodly amount of material was left over. This was mostly folklore and though undoubtedly invaluable, it could not be incorporated into the text without giving the reader literary indigestion. Thus, the idea for a work of this nature grew, lest it be lost. The material is all the more remarkable when one considers that it was gathered in 1931 by an t-Athair Eric McFhinn, a noted polyglot and scholar of the diocese. An t-Athair Eric carried off this not inconsiderable task by circulating cóipleabhair to colleagues around the diocese and asking them to follow a set schema for recording the folklore and history of their respective parishes. Taken in conjunction with the Schools Folklore Commission’s work a few years later, this material now has a value beyond even that which was foreseen at the time. As there is always a law of diminishing returns with local historical knowledge, one suspects there may be some duplication.

It is moderately surprising that no attempt has been made in recent years to emulate the work of the Commission on a nationwide level. One might suggest that it would be of particular value in recording experiences of the Second World War and of the customs and emotions surrounding emigration. Moreover, it would introduce a new generation to the study of the local past via a rigorous scheme of enquiry. The Schema and Questionnaire for ParishHistories which an t-Athair Eric published in 1929 would certainly stand the test of time were it to be revisited. It would be encouraging if the current focus on the Gathering were to act as a catalyst for such a programme. It would be momentous if it were to raise the question of bringing home not only those who have ready cash to spend, but also those who left this country to build other countries and have now fallen on hard and lonely times.

Shortly after being appointed archivist to Clonfert diocese, the writer discovered that the late Revd Dr Kevin Egan had spent 1941–1945 following his then bishop, Dr John Dignan, about the diocese and photographing occasions of importance. It was quite an achievement at the time and is a tribute to Kevin’s dedication. Petrol had been rationed, photographic apparati was in scant supply and he was obliged to set up a darkroom in his rooms at the Presbytery in Ballinasloe. He had already been helping an t-Athair Eric from 1938, at Dr Dignan’s request, in researching the history of the diocese. As little or no funding was available for developing the photographs, the current writer dug into his own slender resources and developed them over the course of three years. Revd Dr Egan believed they would be ‘of interest’ in years to come. His words were characteristically modest as this work recorded images of all the churches (some of which have been long since demolished) and of the interiors which bid fair to have rivalled the more decorative of those on the Continent. Some may reflect, when looking upon them, that the reorderings that swam in the wake of the Second Council did not always do justice to the richness of our Christian heritage. These images also capture a way of life which has long since vanished and show a remarkably resilient spirit among a people suffering the privations of the Emergency years. Unfortunately, the confirmandi and their teachers are not named, though dates are given where indicated. A perusal of the relevant parochial register of confirmations for that year should ascertain if a close relative is indeed depicted.

In June of 1922, in a singularly unhelpful exercise, some doughty Irishmen set off a landmine in the Public Records Office of the Four Courts. Thousands of old documents were destroyed, including the remaining censi from the nineteenth century and many of the Church of Ireland registers. The country was in the vice-grip of the Civil War and, alas, everything was grist to the military mill. Happily, just before this happened, one Thomas T. O’Farrell had taken the time to type out extracts from the censi taken in Loughrea in 1821 and 1841 and they are reproduced here in print for the first time. These now have a huge value and we must give thanks to the Heavens for the late Professor O’Farrell’s commitment to researching aspects of a town with which he had familial links. For those seeking to research family links, the best genealogical organisation the writer has encountered is the East Galway Family History Society in Woodford, County Galway.

A deep debt of gratitude is due to Pat Barrett, a native of Loughrea, who was ever-available to give advice. One cannot sit for long in Pat and Marie Barrett’s company without eagerly subscribing to the happy belief that ‘God is in His Heaven and all is well’. Pat generously gave the current writer unlimited access to both his time and his extensive photographic collection and rightly enjoys the reputation for being one of the foremost authorities on the history of Loughrea. His memorably titled The TenCommandments, the Revival of Irish and a Kick in the Arse, is de rigeur for anyone who seeks an honest and entertaining book about Loughrea’s history and folklore. I am especially grateful for the notes he provided from Sr Francis Fahey on the old Pro-cathedral of St Brigid. Thanks are also due to Dr Christy Cunniffe who agreed at alarmingly short notice to supply a foreword for the present work and whose own indefatigable investigations of the fields and hedgerows of south-east Galway have saved many a forgotten monument from an uncertain fate. If he has missed an archaeological feature in any of the parishes he has trawled, it must be as well hidden as the Lost City of Atlantis. Dr Brian Casey has recently filled the role of archivist to Clonfert diocese and I am grateful to him for proofreading the manuscript and offering many helpful suggestions. I am especially grateful to Most Revd John Kirby, Bishop of Clonfert, for his permission to use material from the archives of Clonfert diocese and to Senator Lorraine Higgins who is one of the few public representatives the current writer has met who seems interested in the heritage of south-east Galway and who encouraged the writer to see the work through its various stages.

Thanks are also due to natives of the various parishes and others who filled in the gaps or gave valuable assistance through the years, such as Mrs Angela Bane, Ms Geraldine Bane, Mr Oliver Barrett, Mr Fergus Benson, Mr J.J. Broderick, Mr Brendan Burke, Ms Kathleen Callanan, Mr Sean and Mrs Eileen Callanan, Mr Sean Cleary, Ms Mary Coen, Mrs Mary Jo Costello, Mr Johnny Cowan, Mr Steven Dolan, Mr Pakie Dolphin, Mr Gerry Donnellan, Mr Bertie Donohoe (RIP), Mr Michael Donohoe, the family of the late Fr Pascal Donohoe, Mr Dermot and Mrs Angela Donohue, Mr Hugh Joe Fahy, Mr Jim Fahy, Mr Martin Fahy, Ms Eleanor Flynn, Mrs Mary Finnerty, Mr Jack Forde, Mr Joe Glynn, Mr Theo Hanley, Mrs Ciss Hardiman (RIP), Mr Eamon Hayes, Red Phil Hearty, Mrs Geraldine Hodgins, Cllr Pat Hynes, Mrs Mary Kilkenny, Mr Barry Lally, Mr Paddy Larkin, Revd Brendan Lawless, Mr Jimmy Leahy, Mrs Ciss Lyons, Mrs Marie Lyons, Senator Michael Mullins, Mrs Marie O’Carra, Mr Sean and Mrs Lillian O’Dwyer, Mr Séamus Ó Grádaigh, Mr John Joe O’Malley (RIP), Mr Colman O’Shaughnessy, Mr Paraig and Mrs Bridie Pender, Mr John Joe Rabbitte, Mrs May Roche, Mrs Eileen Sheehy, Cmdt Fiona Smith, Mrs Teresa Smyth, Mr Pat and Mrs Mary Smyth, Msgr Ned Stankard, Mrs Joan Treacy, Mr Tom Treacy and Mrs Eithne Whiriskey. My sincere thanks also to the editorial staff of The History Press for their courtesy and professionalism, particularly Beth Amphlett.

The material included in this volume comes from a variety of sources, mostly the archives of the diocese of Clonfert and from my own personal archive, built up over ten years of gathering items of interest. As such, it is something of a curate’s egg though it is hoped that all who read it will find something different of interest. Wherever feasible, sources are cited in the text. A number of items come from having interviewed elderly parishioners over the space of a decade. Many are now gone to their eternal rest and they well deserve a peaceful slumber, for it was often their kind words and old-world decency that gave a weary heart a welcome boost. Many now consent to the belief that the world we live in has become a strange and hostile place and that the milk of human kindness has all but curdled in every town in Ireland. If that perception is ever to be arrested and reversed, it will only be through reinventing simple values like compassion, honour and basic manners.

We now know that the past was not often as innocent as it seemed at the time and that the full measure of truth behind the well-worn epithet ‘the good old days’ is open to debate. Not a day seems to pass without some public figure being wheeled out onto national television to give an account of the stewardship of their own professional bailiwick and that is not a bad thing. The past in Ireland was often a place where people viewed reality through a glass darkly and where obeisance to authority figures was automatically granted rather than earned. Thus, the potential for the abuse of authority was all too high. There are many stories of the missioner preaching from the pulpit in declamatory tones as his listeners quaked in their boots. Yet, there are also many stories of acts of great kindness and compassion by parish clergy, to the extent that the graves of some are the final point of pilgrimage for locals to this day. We cannot deny that a substantial number who negotiated those decades were honest and honourable and lived their lives in the best way they knew how.

The parishes dealt with in this volume are Mullagh/Killoran, Loughrea, Leitrim/Kilmeen, Kiltullagh/Killimordaly/Attymon, Cappatagle/Kilrickle, Carrabane, New Inn/Bullaun and Killeenadeema/Aille. Alas, photographic images were plentiful in some instances and not so plentiful in others. To those who may feel slighted, mea culpa; the objective was honourable. This volume is the flagship for two more, which treat of the parishes clustering Ballinasloe and then Portumna. It is envisaged that a complete episcopal succession and all references to Clonfert diocese in valuable historical documents such as the Papal Regesta will be included in a future volume. Each parish of the diocese has made a contribution to vocations to the priesthood and religious life and while it is only possible to mention a few in the constraints of the current volume, it is envisaged that a future volume will contain as comprehensive a list as can be produced for all parishes. The writer’s primary aspiration, however, is that these books will not only evoke good memories of a time that now seems almost impossible to imagine but that it will inspire others to put pen to paper to record further aspects of the finite resource that is our heritage.

The late Bertie Donohoe was a good friend and a sound advisor. Much that the current writer learned about the history of Loughrea, and indeed Clonfert diocese, was learned from him. At his funeral, the late Archbishop Joseph Cassidy captured something of the essence of Bertie when he said:

He was the most wonderful storyteller I ever came across … He didn’t just recall the past. He recreated it. He made it happen again before your eyes … he had a knowledge of the town and its environs that nobody else could match.

Thus, this book is dedicated to his memory.

One of nature’s gentlemen and dapper to the last … Bertie Donohoe who wrote for the Connacht Tribune under the pen-name ‘JBD’. (Courtesy of Oliver Barrett)

GLOSSARY

Given that the Church is some 2,000 years old, it has naturally acquired considerable ritual encrustation. That the concomitant terminology is not altogether self-explanatory was illustrated a number of years ago after the writer was innocently asked when visiting a house, ‘And how long have you beencanonised now?’ To assist those of all creeds and none with understanding the more arcane ecclesiastical terms and abbreviations, the following glossary is included. Some secular abbreviations are also included.

CA

Catholic Administrator, sometimes also styled Adm.

CC

Catholic Curate.

Chancellor

The official responsible for a diocesan chancery through which official correspondence and documentation passes.

CM

Congregation of the Mission. Members are referred to as Vincentians.

Coadjutor

From Latin coadiuvare/to help. The coadjutor is a bishop who assists the bishop-proper and has right of succession. The late Archbishop Joseph Cassidy was once asked the difference between an auxiliary bishop and a coadjutor. His reply is worth repeating. ‘An auxiliary bishop usually greets the bishop of the diocese with the question “How can I help you this morning my Lord?” The coadjutor bishop usually greets the bishop with the question “How are you feeling this morning, my Lord?”’

Confirmation

A sacrament bestowed on a baptised person by which they receive the Holy Spirit and are emboldened in grace. As it was understood at the time many of the images in this book were recorded, confirmation was the sealing of a person as a soldier of Christ. Confirmandi were anointed on the foreheads with the oil of chrism and gently struck or tapped on the cheek by the bishop who recited the words ‘Peace be with thee’. The tap to the cheek was symbolic of the difficulties that the candidate would endure in the Christian life.

Deanery

A group of parishes within a diocese.

Deconsecration

There is no formal ritual for the deconsecration of a church-building, though churches appear to lose their consecrated status once events of a sacred character cease to occur within. The Code of Canon Law covers this under Canon 1212 which states: ‘Sacred places lose their dedication or blessing if they suffer major destruction or if they have been permanently given over to profane uses, de facto or through a decree of the competent ordinary.’

Domestic Prelate

An honour bestowed upon particular clerics by the Holy See. Recipients are usually styled ‘Right Revd Monsignor’ and may wear a more distinctive form of ceremonial attire than other clergy. Prior to the Second Council, domestic prelates had the right to use the bugia at Mass, a ceremonial candlestick with a short, straight handle.

Exorcism

From Greek, to put on oath. The ritual casting out of evil spirits. Lesser forms of exorcism are included in the ritual of Baptism.

Mass Cabin

Also referred to in sources as a Mass House or Chapel. These were wretchedly basic buildings used for worship by Catholics during the Penal era.

Mensal Parish

A parish where the bishop is the PP and has a CA or vicar who administers it on his behalf. The revenues from such parishes were, in former times, applied to the upkeep of the bishop.

Msgr

Monsignor. From the Italian monseigneur for my lord. An honorary title within the Church.

NS

National (though more properly Primary) School.

NT

National Teacher. A generic term for those who teach at Primary School level.

(Apostolic) Nuncio

The ambassador of the Holy See to a particular country or region.

ODC

Order of Discalced Carmelites.

Papal Bulls

A papal letter of solemn form and, in former times, sealed with a lead seal.

Penal Code

A series of laws enacted against Catholics, the first appearing in 1695, which banned Catholics from holding arms or being educated on the Continent. The last of these laws were repealed in 1829.

PP

Parish Priest.

Prior

A monastic superior who holds office for a set period.

Pro-cathedral

A church used by a diocese as the principal church until a worthier building can be erected. Throughout the nineteenth century, several newspaper reports refer to the building in Loughrea which is now Kilboy’s Funeral Home as the Pro-cathedral of Clonfert diocese.

Professed

The admittance to vows, either simple or solemn, of members of a religious house or institution.

PTAA

Pioneer Total Abstinence Association.

Regular

Refers to clergy who are part of a community and live by a rule, as distinct from seculars, i.e. diocesan clergy.

Reliquary

A vessel in which items of a sacred nature are stored for protection and ease of transport.

Reredos

A sculpted or ornate screen of stone or wood to be found at the rear of a pre-Conciliar altar and which may be structurally part or discrete from the altar.

RIC

Royal Irish Constabulary.

Sexton