Prague E-Book

Klaus H. Carl

• Herausgeber: Parkstone International
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 88

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

The Czech capital has a fascinating history of intrigue. It is a mixture of a past torn between Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire with remarkable monuments and a people whose soul rises above the events of the moment. It is the history of Central Europe in a nutshell, where Renaissance, Baroque, Gothic and Stalinist architecture compete side by side for attention.

Leseprobe

PRAGUE

Editor: Bérangère Le Mardelé

Publishing Assistant: Sandra Kotschi

Text: Klaus Carl

Translation: Alison Gallup

© 2024, Confidential Concepts, Worldwide, USA

© 2024, Parkstone Press USA, New York

© Image-Barwww.image-bar.com

Photograph Credits:

© Klaus H. Carl

All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or adapted without the permission of the copyright holder, throughout the world.

Unless otherwise specified, copyright on the works reproduced lies with the respective photographers. Despite intensive research, it has not always been possible to establish copyright ownership. Where this is the case, we would appreciate notification.

ISBN: 978-1-63919-833-7

Contents

Introduction

History

The City

Conclusion

Appendix

List Of Illustrations

1. Aerial view, in the background the Basilica of St. George

Introduction

Now, whether this prophecy can really be accepted at face value must be left open. And the expression, “Mother of all Cities,” also occasionally heard, certainly cannot be taken literally. However, without question Prague is, after considerably more than a thousand years of – at times decisive – participation in European history, admittedly one of the most history-laden cities in the world. Having arisen out of an initially insignificant settlement on a ford over the Vltava and at the crossroads of two important trade routes during the early Middle Ages, Prague was later the domain of famous master builders and scholars of the Baroque and Renaissance.

The city feared smallpox, the plague and cholera as did other large European cities; it was the starting point of a long war that devastated Europe; and, in the last century, it was repeatedly the victim of power-obsessed dictators. The most varied of the architectural styles – found in the churches and palaces of the Romanesque era and the subsequent austere Gothic period, through the Renaissance and Baroque, all the way to the Art Nouveau at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, and the Modern as seen in the Dancing Houses – don’t interfere with each other but rather form a unified, evolved whole and thus reflect the course of history. Today Prague’s Old Town is included on UNESCO’s World Heritage List and is preparing – after the considerable, and certainly soon to be forgotten, travails of the presidential election (2003) – for entry to the European Union. He who arrives by train from the immediately bordering countries finds himself already in the middle of the city, but the nearby airport also makes it easy for visitors to reach the most important hotels very quickly. And, from there one can undertake a first reconnaissance expedition. The undisputed center of the city is the elongated, historically-important Wenceslas Square dominated at the southeastern end by the National Museum, a neo-Renaissance building from the end of the 19th century. Opposite this, the Square opens out and leads into a small pedestrian zone. Via a couple of picturesque, virtually medieval alleyways one succeeds in reaching the Old Town ring road, the Astronomical Apostle Clock on the Old Town Hall and the Old Town Square, the Hus Monument and a number of buildings worthy of admiration located in front of the Gothic Tyn Church.

By following the white signposts on Wenceslas Square one quickly reaches the next gem of the city popular with tourists, the 14th century Charles Bridge. From here, after crossing over the Vltava, it is still a good distance before one reaches the large grounds of the Castle on the Hradcany – the official seat of emperors, kings, cardinals and in less feudal times, presidents of the most varying couleur – and the cathedral which towers over all. Located on the extensive grounds of the Hradcany are the Sternberg Palace and the Romanesque Basilica of St. George, among other buildings. A little farther out are the Strahov Monastery, the Cernin Palace and the 18th century pilgrimage Loreto Church with its glockenspiel. Situated on the eastern section of the Castle complex are the Lobkovic Palace – a Renaissance structure that was converted to a Baroque building in the 17th century – with its exhibitions of Bohemian history, and another tourist attraction: the Golden Lane.

The lane’s name, however, is not to be ascribed to the sales returns of the few souvenir shops found in its doll-like little houses, but rather to the medieval alchemists who, though historically unconfirmed, are thought to have resided on this lane, and their vain attempts here, as in so many other places, to make gold in their test tubes. That the coffers of the princes of the time were frequently as empty as those of many a present-day minister of finance, these attempts were often enough exacted and encouraged by the very highest authorities.

On the right side of, and just one street away from, the Vltava in the Old Town, and taking up one complete street block, is the Clementinum, with its church and Italian Chapel. From there the route takes one by the Church of St. Nicholas and into the Jewish Quarter – Josefov – with its Old-New Synagogue, the famous Old Jewish Cemetery and the Jewish Town Hall.

A sightseeing tour shouldn’t be without a visit to the southern part of the city. This is the site of the former Vysehrad Castle, regarded as the seat of the mystical – for there is actually no proof as of yet for her existence – founder of the city, Libuše (Libussa). Today the Church of St. Peter and Paul is to be found here, a site well worth seeing; the entry portals adorned with coats of arms and the sculptures in the grounds in front of the church are worthy of admiration. Behind the church is the cemetery with its immense memorial, Slavin, crowned by a winged spirit who watches over a sarcophagus, and on the base and surrounding structure of which are engraved the names of distinguished Czechs.

Visitors to Prague will discover a city which even today still owes its structure to an extremely far-sighted monarch, Charles IV; a city where three great peoples inestimably left their mark – the Germans, the Jews and the Slavs; and a city where one can marvel at a thousand year’s worth of building history.

2. Panoramic view over the Vltava

3. The eastern bank of the Vltava and the Smetana museum

Geography

Situated in the heart of Europe, Prague covers an area nearly 500 square kilometers and is located at approximately 50°N latitude and 14°E longitude, about as far north as Frankfurt am Main, Quebec, Seattle and Sapporo. The capital city of the Czech Republic and roughly the center of Bohemia – whose name derives from the Boii, a Celtic tribe – Prague lies in hilly terrain, rising more to the west than to the east, between 180 and 400 meters above sea level. If one views this area from a wider perspective, this basin-shaped landscape between the Erzgebirge in the northwest, the Bohemian Forest in the southwest, the Carpathian Mountains in the southeast and the Sudeten in the northwest belongs to the Moravian Gate, through which leads one of the oldest trails in Europe – from the Baltic Sea to the countries of the Mediterranean. Via this so-called Amber Road, the once much valued material found in northern countries was brought to the further developed southern countries as the basis for a flourishing barter. The traders stuck to the valleys of the large rivers – incidentally, armies, who were just as loath to cross the mountains, did likewise – and thus succeeded in passing through Bohemia as far as the Danube, which they then crossed at the point which is today Vienna.

All total about 440 kilometers long, the Vltava (Moldau) flows through the city for approximately 30 kilometers. Coming from the south, the river’s source is in the Bohemian Forest and it subsequently flows into the Elbe. The part of the Vltava flowing through Prague is up to 300 meters wide, but at just 3 meters, it is not very deep. In the south of Prague one still encounters – in complete contrast to the nearby Erzgebirge which have, in the meantime, been severely harmed by air pollution - a densely wooded terraced landscape. Situated on the left bank of the Vltava are the Hradcany (Prague Castle) and Lesser Town and on the right side of the river, the 12th century Old Town, the Jewish Quarter (Josefov), the New Town (14th century) and to the south, the Vysehrad. In all of these city districts one finds admirable structures and buildings in all architectural styles.

That Prague is centrally located is borne out by its distance from European Union capital cities. It is (in alphabetical order) just 300 kilometers from Berlin, 750 kilometers from Brussels, 1,000 kilometers from London, 1,700 kilometers from Moscow – in the past a not especially loved place –, about 930 kilometers from both Paris and Rome, and at just 270 kilometers it’s a mere stone’s throw from Vienna. Thus considered, all the important cities lie more or less within easy distance of Prague – and in today’s world of speedy jet planes all are reachable in almost a matter of minutes.

4. Returning from the Castle into the town

History

History I From the Neolithic Age to the Second World War