1,82 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: Charles River Editors
- Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
- Sprache: Englisch
Das E-Book The Days of James IV wird angeboten von Charles River Editors und wurde mit folgenden Begriffen kategorisiert:
scots; tudor; scotland
Das E-Book können Sie in Legimi-Apps oder einer beliebigen App lesen, die das folgende Format unterstützen:
Seitenzahl: 233
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
Ähnliche
THE DAYS OF JAMES IV
Scottish History by Contemporary Writers
G. Gregory Smith
LACONIA PUBLISHERS
Thank you for reading. If you enjoy this book, please leave a review or connect with the author.
All rights reserved. Aside from brief quotations for media coverage and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form without the author’s permission. Thank you for supporting authors and a diverse, creative culture by purchasing this book and complying with copyright laws.
Copyright © 2016 by G. Gregory Smith
Interior design by Pronoun
Distribution by Pronoun
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.
The Days of James iiii.
1488, June.—The field of Stirling and the Coronation of James IV.: Hall, p. 448.
1488, Oct. 17.—The Debate and Cause of the Field of Stirling.: Acts of Parl.
1489, Jan.—The erection of Glasgow into an archbishopric.: Acts of Parl., ii. 213.
1489.—How Sir Andrew Wood defeats the English off Dunbar.: Pitscottie, p. 100.
1489. How King Henry sends Stephen Bull to punish the Scots, and of the great sea fight in which the Scots are again victorious.: Ibid.
1490, May.—Of the subsidy demanded by Pope Innocent VIII. for a Crusade.: James IV. to the Pope. Venet. Papers I., p. 188.
1491, 18 May.—Of Wappinschawings.: Acts of Parl.
1491, May 18.—The people to practise themselves in archery.: Acts of Parl.
1493, May 8.—Fishing boats to be built and manned by the idle men of the burghs.: Acts of Parl. ii. 235.
1493.—Bishop Elphinstone goes on an embassy to the Emperor.: Bocce: Lives of Bishops of Murthlac and Aberdeen.
1493, June 26.—Concerning the Contention between the Archbishops of St. Andrews and Glasgow.: Acts of Parl. ii. 232.
1494.—The Lollards of Kyle. The articles of which they are accused.: Knox. Hist. of Reformation (ed. Laing) i. pp. 6-12.
The State of the Scottish Church.: Mair. De Gestis, I. vi. [Lat.]
Of Land Tenure.
Fasti Aberd. (Sp. Club) and Nat. MSS. Scot.
1495, Nov. 20.—Perkin Warbeck arrives in Scotland from Flanders.: Hall, p. 473.
He is welcomed by James, and receives the lady Katharine Gordon in marriage.: Bernard Andre’s Life of Henry VII., p. 70.
A letter from Perkin Warbeck to the Lady Katherine Gordon.: Spanish Calendars (Bergenroth, i. pp. 78-9 [Lat.]).
1496, April.—Ferdinand and Isabella deceive James with, the hopes of a Spanish alliance, and endeavour to break his connection with Perkin.: Ferd. and Isab. to De Puebla, Span. Calend. I., p. 91.
1496.—Of the serving of summonses in the Lordship of the Isles.: Acta Domini. Concil., vii , fo 39.
1496, June 13.—The children of barons and freeholders to be sent to school and college.: Acts of Parl., ii., 238.
1493, Sept. 8.—Lord Bothwell informs Henry VII. of the preparations of James on behalf of Warbeck.: Bothwell to Henry VII., Ellis I., i. 25.
He exhorts Henry to attack Scotland.: Ibid.
1496.—Henry sends warships to the Firth of Forth.: Boece. Lives of Bishops of Murthlac and Aberdeen.
1496.—The expedition of Perkin Warbeck.: Hall, p. 474. Polyd. Verg., xxvi., 597.
How King James chid a foolish speech made by Perkin.: Ibid.
1497.—Henry makes preparations for a campaign against Scotland.: Ibid.
The advance of the Scots.: Hall, p. 480. P. Verg., xxvi., 602.
1497, Aug.—They attack Norham Castle and retire.: Hall, p. 480. P. Verg., xxvi , p. 602.
1497.—Surrey’s campaign in Scotland.: Ibid.
1497, 30th Sept.—The Peace of Aytoun.: Rymer, xii., p. 673.
1498, Feb.—Of the punishment of thieves and sorners, and of the slaughter of wolves.: Acta Domin: Concilii. MS., Register House.
The Character of King James IV.
Of the Royal Revenue.: Ibid.
Of the Court.: Ibid.
The Good Bishop Elphinstone.: Boece. Lives of Bishops of Murthlac and Aberdeen.
The National Improvement.: Ayala to Ferdinand (as before).
Of Commerce and Agriculture.: Ibid.
Major. De Gestis Scot., I. vi.
Ayala to Ferdinand (as before).
Of the Character of the People.: Ibid.
Law in the Highlands and the Isles.: Ibid.
Of the men of the Highlands and the Isles.: Major. De Gestis Scotorum, I., viii.
Of the Scottish Women, and of their houses.: Ayala to Ferdinand (as before).
Of the Army.: Ibid.
1498, July and August.—The difficulties on the Borders.
Ayala to Ferdinand and Isabella, 25 July.
De Puebla to Ferdinand and Isabella, 25 Aug.
1498.—Skirmish before Norham Castle.: Hall, p. 487. Polyd. Vergil, xxvi. p. 607,
1499.—The interview at Melrose between James and the Bishop of Durham.: Ibid.
1498-9.—James’s home policy after the Peace of Aytoun.: Boece. Lives of the Bishops.
1500.—A Year of Plague.: Lives of Bishops of Dunkeld, p. 40.
1500.—The Course of Study at the University.: Munimenta Univ. Glasg. II , p. 25,
The education of the King’s son, Alexander Stewart.: Erasmus, Adagia 1634, (Ed. 1599.)
1501. Nov.—Debate in the English Council about the betrothal of Margaret to King James.: Polydore Vergil, xxvi., p. 607, 46.
1501. Nov. 24.—The Scottish Ambassadors in London.: MS. Cott. Vitell. A. xvi; Laing’s Dunbar, I. 273.
1502.—The policy of the Scottish Marriage.: Hall, p. 493. Polyd. Vergil, xxvi, p.610.
1502, Jan. 23.—Letter of Andrew Halyburton, Conservator of the Scots Privileges in the Netherlands.: Halyburton’s Ledger, ed. Innes, Pref. p. xxi.
1502, Jan. 24.—The Peace between Scotland and England.: Rymer, xii. p. 793.
1503, March 15. -Of the jurisdiction of the Scots Conservator.: Acts of Parl., ii., 244.
1503, March 20.—The administration of Justice in the Isles.: Acts of Parl. II. p. 249.
1503. March 20.—The Daily Council.: Acts of Parl. II. p 249.
1503, Aug.—The journey of the Princess Margaret to Scotland.: Young. Leland, IV., 284.
The meeting of James and Margaret.: Ibid.
7 August.—The entry into Edinburgh.: Ibid.
The Royal Marriage.—The morning preparations.: Ibid.
The Royal Apparel.
The Service.
1503.—Margaret in Scotland.: Margaret to Henry VII. Ellis, I. i. 42.
1505.—An old lovable Custom in the Burghs.: Aberdeen Council Register and Analecta Scotica (Maidinent), II. 295.
1505, April.—James warns the Duke of Gueldres against receiving Edmund de la Pole.: Epist. Reg. Scot. I., ii.; Gairdner, II., 192, and I., xlvii.
1506, July 15.—James and the troubles in Denmark.: James to Christina, Queen of Denmark. Epist. Reg, Scot. I. p. 69. and Gairdner (Letters), II. p. 215.
1506. Aug. 13.—The Building of the Scottish Fleet.: James to Louis XII. Epist. Reg. Scot. I., p. 39. Gairdner, II. 219.
1606, Dec. 21.—The King’s intended journey to Jerusalem.: Sanuto’s Diaries, (Venetian Papers I.). [Ital.]
1507, March.—Pope Julius declares James Protector of the Christian Religion, and sends a hat and sword.: Boece, Lives of Bishops of Murthlac and Aberdeen.
1507. Mar. 13.—O’Donnel seeks aid from James.: O’Donnel to James IV. Gairdner, II., 237.
1507. Sept. 15.—The introduction of Printing.: Reg. Sec. Sigill. iii., 129.
The King’s Love of Alchemy.: James to James Inglis (1508?). Epist. Reg. Scot.. I. 119.
1508, Feb. 15.—Of the overloading of Ships.: Acta Domin. Concil. (MS.)
1508, April.—Wolsey in Scotland. The opposition of the Bishop of Moray.: Wolsey to Henry VII. (Pinkerton. II. App., p. 455.)
1508. April 11.—The bettering of the Highlands.: Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis (Grampian Club) I., p. 22.
1508, May-July.—The Pilgrimage of the Bishop of Glasgow.: Venetian Papers, I. p. 329.
1509, July 15.—The Administration of the Borders.: Acta Domin. Concil. (MS.).
1510, Nov. 24.—The ‘Ayre’ of Jedburgh.: Pitcairn, I., 69.
1511.—The Great Michael.: Pitscottie, p. 107.
1511, May 10.—Preparations for the Queen’s visit to Aberdeen.: Aberdeen Council Register. (Spalding Club).
1511, May.— William. Dunbar’s description of the Visit to Aberdeen.: Poems, (Scot. Text. Society) p. 251.
1511, August.—The brave fight off the Downs. Death of Andrew Barton.: Hall (ed. 1809), p. 525.
1512 April 10.—Birth of Prince James.: James IV. to King of Denmark. Epist. Reg. Scot. I. 141.
1512.—The state of European politics.: Epist. Reg. Scot. I., 146.
1512.—The same. Later.: Epist. Reg. Scot. I, 170.
1513, March.—Nicolas West arrives in Scotland.: Polydore Vergil, xxvii. p. 629.
1513, April 1.—His conversation with Queen Margaret.: West to Henry. Cott. Calig. B vi., 63 B.M. and Stevenson’s Illust. of Scottish History
1513, April 1.—Of Nicolas West’s interview with James at Stirling; and of the King’s refusal to give a written agreement.: Cott. Calig. B. vi., 63 B.M.
1513, April.—Henry in readiness.: Polydore Vergil, xxvii. 629.
1513, April 11.—Queen Margaret’s letter to Henry VIII.: Ellis, I., i. 64.
1513, April 13.—The Scottish naval preparations: West to Henry VIII. Ellis, I., i. 67.
1513, May 24.—James’s endeavour to procure universal peace.: James to Henry VIII. Ellis, I., i. 76.
1513.—The Debate in the Scottish Council on the aid requested by France.: Boece. Lives of Bishops of Murthlac and Aberdeen.
1513, May.—The King at Linlithgow.: Pitscottie, p. III.
James will not yet break with Henry, but sends a Herald to him at Terouenne.: Polydore Vergil, xxvii. p. 639.
1513, Aug. 11.—His arrival in the English camp.: Hall, p. 545.
James’s Letter of Complaint.: Calig. B. vi., 57: Hall, p. 545. Cal. Henry VIII., No. 4351.
1513, Aug. 11.—Henry’s Defiance.: Hall, p. 547; Rymer, xiii., 312; Brewer, No. 4397, from Calig., B vi., 49 B. M.
1513, August—The Ill Road.
Aug. 22.—James enters England. The Sack of Norham Castle. Surrey’s Advance.: Hall, p. 556. Polyd. Vergil., xxvii., 640. MS. ‘Batayle’ p. 143.
1513, Aug. 24.—The Parliament at Twiselhaugh.: Acts of Parl, of Scotland, II., 278.
1513, Sept. 7.—Preparations for Battle.: Hall, p. 560. MS. ‘Batayle,’ p. 144. Cal. Henry VIII. No. 4439.
1513, Sept. 9.—Flodden Field.: Ibid. MS. ‘Batayle,’ p. 147.
The finding of the King’s body.: Ibid.
1513, Sept, 9.—Another Account.
A Minstrel’s Story.
The advantages on the side of the Scots.: Thomas Ruthal, Bishop of Durham, to Wolsey. 20 Sept., 1513. Nat. MSS. of England, vol. II.
Of the heroic fighting of the Scots.: Ibid.
The Same.: ‘Batayle’ MS., Ptoceed. of Antiq. (Scot.), vii. 501.
The Banner of St. Cuthbert.: Ruthal to Wolsey (cont.)
The great shedding of blood by the English.: Ibid.
The English Camp plundered.: Ibid.
Of the Bishop of Moray.: Ibid.
The conduct of the Lord Chamberlain in the Battle.: Polyd. Veig., xxvii., 641, 19.
1513. Sept. 10.—The Proclamation in Edinburgh after the Battle.: Burgh Register.
Of the relations between the Scots and the English.: Major. De Gestis Scot., I. c. vii.
Of Kingship.: Major. De Gest. Scot., IV., xvii.
Of Excommunication.: Major. De Gest. Scot., IV., vii.
Description of a Border Raid.
A Lament for King James the Fourth.: Lyndsay, ed. Laing, I, p. 81.
SCOTTISH HISTORY BY CONTEMPORARY WRITERS
The Days of James iv.
1488-1513
Extracts from the Royal Letters, Polydore Vergil and Hall, Major, Boece, Myln, The State Papers, &c., &c., &c.
BY
G. GREGORY SMITH
M.A. Edin., B.A. Oxon.
PREFACE.
JAMES THE FOURTH WAS KING at a time of great political and social change in Europe, and Scotland was not outside the influence. She began to assume a position in European politics, chiefly because of the opportunity which she afforded for furthering or checking the schemes against the insecure throne of Henry VII. A proof of this position is found in the large correspondence which James held with nearly every power in Europe from Spain to the Baltic. This was the time too of Scotland’s naval and commercial expansion.
The long feud with England was ended by the peace of 1502, the first for over one hundred and seventy years; and James was wedded to Margaret Tudor in the following year, exactly a century before the accession of their great grandson to the English throne. Yet ten years later, Scotland, through the treachery of one man and the folly of another, lost her king and almost all her nobility on English soil.
The internal and social history of the reign transcends the political in interest and value. The period stands out in strong relief from the disorders of the preceding reign, and the anarchy of the next. Successful attempts were made to restore law and order; and the general national condition was improved in many ways. James’s policy, though vigorous, was conciliatory; hence the almost unanimous loyalty of the nobles who had deprived his father of the Crown.
These were the golden days of Scottish literature and chivalry and art, the time of Dunbar, Gawin Douglas, and the ‘Makars,’ of learned men like Elphinstone and Pantar, whom James gathered round him, to his own delight, and to the glory of the Court which Ariosto and Erasmus praised. As a foil to William Elphinstone, James’s good genius, stands Andrew Forman, the representative of the new political spirit and method which Italy had made popular.
It is unfortunate that, on account of the nature of the authorities, several interesting items, such as the rebellion of Lennox, and the message of the French Queen, are not accessible in contemporary narrative. Much information can be had from the Exchequer Rolls and Treasurer’s Accounts, but such material cannot find place in a volume like the present, any more than the fuller versions of writers too late to be considered contemporary. A few quotations from later historians have been given, but the information is vouched for by them, as having been received direct from contemporary voice or record.
I am especially indebted to Thomas Dickson, Esq., LL.D., of the General Register House, Edinburgh, for giving access to books and MSS., and for his friendly assistance in the solution of difficulties.
Edinburgh, September, 1889.
THE DAYS OF JAMES IIII.
1488, JUNE.—THE FIELD OF STIRLING AND THE CORONATION OF JAMES IV.
HALL, P. 448.
WHEN NOTHING COULD MOVE OR pierce the stony hearts or frosty minds of the nobility of Scotland, in conclusion they met together in a pitched field, where after great slaughter of many men the poor wretched (sely) king fled into a mill for succour, whither he was followed, and there shamefully murdered, and unreverently, not like a prince or a crowned king. Then the princes of Scotland being satiated and filled with the blood and slaughter of their sovereign lord and king (thinking that they had well revenged the old displeasures to them done and committed by King James the Third) set up in the throne and estate royal the prince his son, and named him James, the fourth of that name.
1488, OCT. 17.—THE DEBATE AND CAUSE OF THE FIELD OF STIRLING.
ACTS OF PARL.
[THE DECLARATION BY PARLIAMENT OF the innocence of the king and his partisans naturally succeeded the tragedy near Stirling and the Coronation. James had been forced by political circumstance into a position which, from his continual acts of penance, we know he must have felt most keenly. The following account is interesting as being the first record of a debate in the Scottish Parliament.]
In this present parliament, our sovereign lord being present together with his three estates of the realm, was proposed the debate and cause of the field of Stirling, in the which the former James King of Scotland, whom God assoil, father to our sovereign lord, happened to be slain; and the cause and occasion being argued among the lords of the three estates, John lord Glammis presented and shewed certain articles subscribed with the said former king James’s hand, the tenor of which follows:—
These are the articles upon the which our sovereign lord shall give commission under his great seal to the lords under written, that is to say, the bishop of Aberdeen, Chancellor, the earl of Huntley, Earl Marshall, lord Glammis and Alexander Lindsay to commune, conclude, and end with these lords following, that is to say, the Bishop of Glasgow, the earls of Angus, Argyle, lord Hailes, and lord Lyle.
1. That the royal estate be exalted and borne up, that the king may exercise justice to all his lieges in all parts of his realm.
2. That his person be at all times in honourable security and freedom; and that there be prelates, lords and others of wisdom, good disposition, and without suspicion, daily about him for the good guiding of his realm.
3. That all about the king, who in time past have done displeasure to his highness, make honourable amends to him, by the wisdom and discretion of the said lords.
4. That the king shall give honourable sustentation to the prince his son, at the consideration of the said lords.
5. That persons of wisdom and good disposition shall be daily about the prince for the good governance of him and security of his person in his tender age.
6. To advise and conclude how the prince shall in all time to come be obedient to his father, and how fatherly love and tenderness shall at all times be had between them.
7. How the lords about the prince’s person shall have the king’s favour and hearty forgiveness and their persons to be in security, as best can be desired by the said lords for any displeasure done to the king in any time past.
8. That the prince shall take into favour all the lords spiritual and temporal, and others who have been with the king in council or other service now in this time of trouble.
9. That all dissensions now standing between the great barons of both sides shall be drawn to unity and concord, and especially between the earl of Buchan and lord Lyle.
The which being read and shewn that the said articles were diverse times granted and broken by the perverse counsel of divers persons being with him for the time, which counselled and assisted him in the inbringing of Englishmen, and to the perpetual subjection of the realm, and under deceit and colour made and refused, and that our sovereign lord that now is ever consented to, for the common good of the realm, for the which the earl of Huntley, the Earl Marshall, the said lord Glammis and others, divers barons and others, the King’s true lieges left him and his deceitful and perverse council and adhered (anherdit) to our sovereign lord that now is and his true opinion for the common good of the realm. The which matter being shewn, communed, examined by the three estates and the whole body of the parliament, they ripely advised, declared, and concluded, and in their lealty and allegiance each man for himself declares and concludes, that the slaughters committed and done in the field of Stirling, where our sovereign lord’s father happened to be slain and divers others of his barons and lieges, were wholly by (allutterly in) their default and coloured deceit done by him and his perverse council divers times before the said field: and that our sovereign lord that now is, and the true lords and barons that were with him in the same field were innocent, white, and free of the said slaughters, . . .: and that the three estates, bishops, prelates, great barons, and burgesses give their seals hereupon together with our sovereign lord’s great seal to be shewn and produced to our holy father the Pope, the Kings of France, Spain, Denmark, and other realms, as shall be seen expedient for the time.
1489, JAN.—THE ERECTION OF GLASGOW INTO AN ARCHBISHOPRIC.
ACTS OF PARL., II. 213.
[THE FOLLOWING ENACTMENT WAS THE cause of much dispute and jealousy between the sees of St. Andrews and Glasgow.]
It is concluded and ordained by our sovereign lord and his three estates that for the honour and public good of the realm the see of Glasgow be erected into an archbishopric with such privileges as are according to law, and such as the archbishopric of York has in all dignities, immunities, and privileges, as use and custom is, and as shall be compacted and agreed between the said bishop of Glasgow and the prelates and barons that our sovereign lord will take with him to be advised with: and that none of the king’s lieges do in the contrary hereof, under the king’s indignation and pains of breaking of his acts of parliament.
1489.—HOW SIR ANDREW WOOD DEFEATS THE ENGLISH OFF DUNBAR.
PITSCOTTIE, P. 100.
IN THE SAME YEAR CERTAIN English ships came into our Firth, and spoiled the merchants and our friends that came into our waters. Of this the King and Council thought great ill and desired eagerly (effectuously) to be revenged thereof upon the said Englishmen; but they could get no man neither masters of ships, mariners nor shippers, that would take in hand to pass forth upon the said enemies; till at last they sent for sir Andrew Wood, knight of Largo, and desired him to pass forth upon the said Englishmen, and to that effect, he should be well furnished with men and artillery, and further, he should have the King’s favour greatly, and be rewarded largely for his travel and labours. Of this desire the said sir Andrew Wood was well content, and passed forth to the Firth well manned with two ships to pass upon the said Englishmen, whom he ‘foregathered’ [joined] withal immediately before the Castle of Dunbar, where they fought long together with uncertain victory. For sir Andrew Wood had but two ships, as foresaid, called the Yellow Carvel and the Flower; the king of England’s ships were five in number with great artillery. Yet, notwithstanding, the Scottish ships prevailed at length, and that by the wisdom and manhood of their captain, which took all the five English ships and brought them to Leith as prisoners, and delivered their captain to the King’s grace and Council. For the which victorious and manly act, the captain, sir Andrew Wood, was well rewarded by the King’s grace and Council, and holden in great estimation thereafter with the nobility of Scotland.
1489. HOW KING HENRY SENDS STEPHEN BULL TO PUNISH THE SCOTS, AND OF THE GREAT SEA FIGHT IN WHICH THE SCOTS ARE AGAIN VICTORIOUS.
IBID.
BUT SOON AFTER THE KING of England heard tell of the news, and how his ships were so foughten and taken by sir Andrew Wood, as foresaid. [He] was greatly discontent therewith, and made proclamations through all England, who would pass to the sea and fight with sir Andrew Wood; and if he happened to take him prisoner, and bring him to him, he should have for his reward a thousand pounds sterling to spend by the year. There were many that refused, because they knew sir Andrew Wood to be such a captain upon the sea, and so chancy in battle, that he ofttimes obtained the victory; therefore they had the less will to assail him. Notwithstanding, a captain of war, a gentleman named Stephen Bull, took in hand to the king of England to pass to the sea, and to fight with sir Andrew Wood, and bring him prisoner to the king of England, either dead or quick. Upon this the king of England was right glad, and caused (gart) provide to the captain Stephen Bull three great ships well manned, well victualed, and well artilleried.
Soon after this the said captain passed to the sea, and sailed till he came to the Scottish Firth, that is to say, at the back of May, and there lay and watched sir Andrew Wood’s home-coming, who was then in Flanders for the time trusting then nothing but peace. Vet, notwithstanding, this captain Stephen Bull waiting his time at the back of the May, took many of our boats who were travelling in the Firth for fishes to gain their living; notwithstanding the said Stephen Bull ransomed the shippers, and held many of the mariners prisoners to that effect that they should give him knowledge of sir Andrew Wood, when he came in the Firth. While at the last, upon a summer morning, a little after the day breaking, one of the English, shippers perceived two ships coming under sail by St. Abb’s Head. Then this Englishman caused some of their Scottish prisoners to pass to the top of the ships, that they might see or spy if it was sir Andrew Wood or not. But the Scottishmen had not will to shew the verity, but feigned, and said they knew them not; but at last the captain promised them their ransom free, if they would tell him that it was he indeed, who certified him that it was he. Then the captain was blithe, and caused pierce the wine, and drank about to all his shippers and captains that were under him, praying them to take courage, for their enemies were at hand; for the which cause he caused order his ships in the order of battle (fier of war), and set his quarter-masters and captains every man in his own room; then caused his gunners to charge their artillery and put all in order, and left nothing undone pertaining unto a good captain.
On the other side sir Andrew Wood came pertly forward, knowing no impediment of enemies to be in his way (gate), till at the last he perceived these three ships under sail, and coming fast to them in order of battle (fier of war). Then sir Andrew Wood seeing this, exhorted his men to battle, beseeching them to take courage against their enemies of England, who had sworn and made their vows ‘that they should make us prisoners to the king of England; but, God willing, they shall fail of their purpose. Therefore set yourselves in order, every man in his own room; let the gunners charge their artillery, and the crossbows be made ready, with the lime-pots and fire-balls in our tops, and two-handed swords in your fore-rooms; and let every man be stout and diligent for his own part, and for the honour of this realm.’ And hereto he caused fill the wine, and every man drank to the other.
By this the sun began to rise, and shone bright upon the sails; so the Englishmen appeared very awfully in the sight of the Scots, by reason their ships were very great and strong, and well furnished with greater artillery; yet, notwithstanding, the Scots feared nothing, but cast them to windward of the Englishmen, who, seeing that, shot a great cannon or two at the Scots, thinking they should have stricken sails at their boast. But the Scottishmen, nothing afraid therewith came swiftly a-windward upon captain Stephen Bull, and clapped together from hand, and fought there from the sun-rising till the sun-setting in the long summer day, while all the men and women that dwelt near the coast came and beheld their fighting. The night sundered them, that they were forced to depart from each other, till on the morn that the day began to break fair, and their trumpets to blow on every side, they made them quickly to battle; who clapped together, and fought so cruelly, that neither the shippers nor mariners took head of their ships, but fighting still, till an ebb tide and south wind bore them to Inch Cape, opposite to (foreanents
