Hikikomori E-Book

Jean-Pierre Wenger

• Herausgeber: BookThug
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 30

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

The condition named Hikikomori by the Japanese psychiatrist Saito Tamaki describes the suffering of young people who withdraw from society, abandon their studies, jobs and social life to lock themselves in a room, usually at their parents´ house. Driven by Internet addiction and isolation during the pandemic, this phenomenon has only gotten worse. This problem has two key pieces: results-orientated societies and family nucleus that generate extended dependency in adolescents. Find out how the phenomenon of the hikikomori spread outside of Japan and the Asian world, and how the Covid-19 epidemic could affect its spread.

Leseprobe

Acute Social Withdrawal

In recent times we have become accustomed to terms such as “social phobia”, “agoraphobia” or “Internet addiction”. They are specific diagnoses associated with disorders that lead individuals to withdraw from social life, to panic about open or crowded places, or to spend too many hours, irrepressibly, on the Internet. But in recent years it became known a condition baptized hikikomori: the first descriptions referred to young Japanese (mostly male) who drop their studies or jobs and quit their social lives to lock themselves generally in their room at their parents’ home. They usually spend their time on the Internet or playing videogames and remain locked up for periods longer than six months, but that can reach decades.

The phenomenon was first described in Japan and other Asian countries such as Korea and Hong Kong and was related to specific cultural patterns and socioeconomic contexts: frustrations arising from a strict and high-pressure school system, anguish at not living up to the demands or expectations of school or work success. All these, factors that we usually associate with Asian societies, in which a united and demanding family nucleus is combined with a tough and results-orientated society. However, in recent years reference has been made to cases in different European countries, such as Italy and Spain.

Many specialists warn that the phenomenon is not only advancing in Japan, but is also expanding in many other countries around the world. Common indicators are the typical conflicts of adolescence and the increasing dependence on the Internet. The Covid-19 pandemic, with the isolation of billions of people forced to remain locked in their homes, could have strengthened the phenomenon.

The condition of hikikomori has not yet been consensually typified for diagnosis, making it difficult to know exactly its extent. It is estimated that in Japan this condition affects 1.2% of the population (about one million people), although due to the same condition of confinement, the number could be even higher. The presence of associated typified disorders, such as social phobia, could make it difficult to detect this phenomenon in other countries, although different specialists have begun to study it.

Hikikomori is seen by some with a certain romanticism: young people who withdraw from society to avoid its pressures or harassment, and find peace and tranquility in confinement. Young people who manage to turn their backs on what is expected of them, on the roles that for generations they have had to assume only for being men. But others see the hikikomori as a threat: there were some incidents in Japan that had young hikikomoris as protagonists and that led to situations of violence and death. The truth is that it is a phenomenon that is expanding and that has serious consequences that go beyond individual cases: they affect the family, and the country at social and economic levels.

In the pages that follow we will review the first descriptions of hikikomori in the specificities of Japanese society, and the studies that have been done subsequently. We will review the different positions on this disorder and the treatments that are proposed. Finally, we will see how the phenomenon expands outside Japan and the Asian world, and how the Covid-19 pandemic could increase its spread.

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Saito Tamaki, Hikikomori