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This guide is essential to learn the basics notions and act correctly in an emergency. It will provide you with the key knowledge to assist children in all types of accidents and to learn how to wait for paramedics in the best conditions. You will also learn why proper care during the first minutes after an accident can mean the difference between life and death.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Introduction
First aid is provided to victims of accidents or sudden illnesses until the arrival of specialized professionals, in order to facilitate their recovery. Those who perform the task are familiar with the techniques and assistance. In cases of unforeseen accidents, the person who is in charge of the scene must be able to stay calm and control emotions.
First aid involves the immediate and appropriate intervention in the event of accidents or illnesses, such as convulsions. It is also necessary in case of bleeding, burns, choking and other dangerous situations.
This guide is intended for all people who want to acquire the basic notions to know how to respond to urgencies and emergencies. Although rescuers’ assistance is essential, the first few minutes after an accident, before calling an ambulance and being taken to the hospital, are critical for saving human life. Knowing the correct procedures may be useful in risky situations, where death might be imminent.
Its aims are to preserve life, prevent complications, assist in recovery and ensure the transport of the victim to the hospital.
It is also important to work on the idea of preventing accidents, as many of them are the result of recklessness. This is especially true in the case of children, who require the most attention.
These tips by no means substitute professional intervention and it is always advisable to learn these practices by attending courses. But this guide will be useful as an approach to basic concepts and keys in the event of extreme cases.
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General Steps for Highway Accidents
If the accident occurs on a highway, you must consider your own safety before approaching the scene and make sure there are no possible dangerous situations, such as electrical shocks, collapses or toxic substances.
If the accident took place in a busy location, use flares or other signals to secure the area. If a vehicle is involved, turn off the engine. Do not move the victim, unless there’s a risk of explosion or fire.
Clear the place of curious people, or, assign them an activity, such as calling the ambulance or moving other people away. It is advisable to carry latex gloves which are available in any store or pharmacy. One option, if you have no gloves, is to use an insulating element such as polyethylene bags, to avoid contact with all kinds of fluids.
When assisting an injured person it is necessary to preserve and convey calmness. Always start with the one that has difficulty breathing. A nervous person is unable to provide assistance, so you should take a few seconds to inhale and exhale in order to gain control of the situation. If the victim is conscious, try to find out what happened. If he is a child, comfort him. Do not move him or give water to him. Never go over his body, but instead surround the person being assisted.
In a critical situation you should follow the ABC protocol:
A) Airway: Check the airway and be alert.
B) Breathing
C) Circulation: Circulation and pulse.
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Evaluation of Pulse
It is performed by placing two fingers up to the victim’s wrist, below the thumb. You can also take it by applying pressure with two fingers under the angle of the chin, to feel the carotid pulse. In infants and young children, the pulse is taken in the brachial or humeral artery, in the inner side of the arm.
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Activate the Medical Emergency System
If the person has suffered an accident, been exposed to toxic substances, electrocuted, burned or suffered trauma or drowning, the call must be made as soon as possible.
